Clinical and Immunological Characteristics of Antiphospholipid Syndrome_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

 CHENXin-yi , SUNRui-xue ,  WUYu

Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

WUYu, Email: wu_yu@scu.edu.cn

Keywords：

Antiphopholipid syndrome; Thrombosis; Antiphospholipid antibody

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.20140185

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Objective To analyze the clinical and immunological characteristics of 26 patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Methods The clinical and immunological features of APS in 26 patients treated between January 2009 and January 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. Results The study consisted of 8 male and 18 female patients with a mean age of 38 years at diagnosis. Seven patients had primary APS. Nineteen patients had APS associated with autoimmune diseases, including 11 cases of systemic lupus erythematosus. Seventy-five percent of the patients had thrombosis, 16 had venous thrombosis, 7 had arterial thrombosis, and 2 had both arterial and venous thrombosis. The deep veins of the lower limbs and the cerebral arterial circulation were the most common sites of venous and arterial thrombosis. Fetal morbidity rate of 16 married women in our study was 43.8%. Thrombocytopenia and anemia were present in 57.7% and 69.2% of the patients respectively. Conclusion APS is characterized by recurrent thrombosis, pregnancy morbidity and positive antiphospholipid antibodies tests. Early diagnosis and management is essential for APS.

Citation： CHENXin-yi, SUNRui-xue, WUYu. Clinical and Immunological Characteristics of Antiphospholipid Syndrome. West China Medical Journal, 2014, 29(4): 612-615. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.20140185 Copy

1.	Miyakis S, Lockshin MD, Atsumi T, et al. International consensus statement on an update of the classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)[J]. J Thromb Haemost, 2006, 4(2):295-306.
2.	Sciascia S, Murru V, Sanna G, et al. Clinical accuracy for diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus:evaluation of 23 possible combinations of antiphospholipid antibody specificities[J]. J Thromb Haemost, 2012, 10(12):2512-2518.
3.	Wilson WA, Gharavi AE, Koike T, et al. International consensus statement on preliminary classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome:report of an international workshop[J]. Arthritis Rheum, 1999, 42(7):1309-1311.
4.	Hochberg MC. Updating the American college of rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus[J]. Arthritis Rheum, 1997, 40(9):1725.
5.	陈晓微, 申艳, 孙传银, 等. 抗磷脂综合征174例临床特点及与欧洲数据的比较分析[J]. 中华风湿病学杂志, 2010, 14(6):394-397.
6.	Cervera R, Piette JC, Font J, et al. Antiphospholipid syndrome:clinical and immunologic manifestations and patterns of disease expression in a cohort of 1,000 patients[J]. Arthritis Rheum, 2002, 46(4):1019-1027.
7.	Kanakis MA, Kapsimali V, Vaiopoulos AG, et al. The lung in the spectrum of antiphospholipid syndrome[J]. Clin Exp Rheumatol, 2013, 31(3):452-457.
8.	Espinosa G, Cervera R, Asherson RA, et al. The lung in the antiphospholipid syndrome[J]. Ann Rheum Dis, 2002, 61:195-198.
9.	Zuily S, Huttin O, Mohamed S, et al. Valvular heart disease in antiphospholipid syndrome[J]. Curr Rheumatol Rep, 2013, 15(4):320.
10.	Muñoz-Rodriguez FJ, Font J, Cervera R, et al. Clinical study and follow-up of 100 patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome[J]. Semin Arthritis Rheum, 1999, 29(3):182-190.
11.	Pengo V, Tripodi A, Reber G, et al. Update of the guidelines for lupus anticoagulant detection. Subcommittee on Lupus Anticoagulant/Antiphospholipid Antibody of the Scientific and Standardisation Committee of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis[J]. J Thromb Haemost, 2009, 7(10):1737-1740.
12.	Giannakopoulos B, Krilis SA. The pathogenesis of the antiphospholipid syndrome[J]. N Engl J Med, 2013, 368(11):1033-1044.
13.	Rosove MH, Brewer PM. Antiphospholipid thrombosis:clinical course after the first thrombotic event in 70 patients[J]. Ann Intern Med, 1992, 117(4):303-308.
14.	吴庆军, 朱燕林, 唐福林. 抗磷脂综合征100例临床特征分析[J]. 中华风湿病学杂志, 2007, 11(11):675-678.
15.	Galli M, Luciani D, Bertolini G, et al. Lupus anticoagulants are stronger risk factors for thrombosis than anticardiolipin antibodies in the antiphospholipid syndrome:a systematic review of the literature[J]. Blood, 2003, 101(5):1827-1832.
16.	Urbanus RT, Siegerink B, Roest M, et al. Antiphospholipid antibodies and risk of myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke in young women in the RATIO study:a case-control study[J]. Lancet Neurol, 2009, 8(11):998-1005.
17.	Lockshin MD, Kim M, Laskin CA, et al. Prediction of adverse pregnancy outcome by the presence of lupus anticoagulant, but not anticardiolipin antibody, in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies[J]. Arthritis Rheum, 2012, 64(7):2311-2318.

1. Miyakis S, Lockshin MD, Atsumi T, et al. International consensus statement on an update of the classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)[J]. J Thromb Haemost, 2006, 4(2):295-306.
2. Sciascia S, Murru V, Sanna G, et al. Clinical accuracy for diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus:evaluation of 23 possible combinations of antiphospholipid antibody specificities[J]. J Thromb Haemost, 2012, 10(12):2512-2518.
3. Wilson WA, Gharavi AE, Koike T, et al. International consensus statement on preliminary classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome:report of an international workshop[J]. Arthritis Rheum, 1999, 42(7):1309-1311.
4. Hochberg MC. Updating the American college of rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus[J]. Arthritis Rheum, 1997, 40(9):1725.
5. 陈晓微, 申艳, 孙传银, 等. 抗磷脂综合征174例临床特点及与欧洲数据的比较分析[J]. 中华风湿病学杂志, 2010, 14(6):394-397.
6. Cervera R, Piette JC, Font J, et al. Antiphospholipid syndrome:clinical and immunologic manifestations and patterns of disease expression in a cohort of 1,000 patients[J]. Arthritis Rheum, 2002, 46(4):1019-1027.
7. Kanakis MA, Kapsimali V, Vaiopoulos AG, et al. The lung in the spectrum of antiphospholipid syndrome[J]. Clin Exp Rheumatol, 2013, 31(3):452-457.
8. Espinosa G, Cervera R, Asherson RA, et al. The lung in the antiphospholipid syndrome[J]. Ann Rheum Dis, 2002, 61:195-198.
9. Zuily S, Huttin O, Mohamed S, et al. Valvular heart disease in antiphospholipid syndrome[J]. Curr Rheumatol Rep, 2013, 15(4):320.
10. Muñoz-Rodriguez FJ, Font J, Cervera R, et al. Clinical study and follow-up of 100 patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome[J]. Semin Arthritis Rheum, 1999, 29(3):182-190.
11. Pengo V, Tripodi A, Reber G, et al. Update of the guidelines for lupus anticoagulant detection. Subcommittee on Lupus Anticoagulant/Antiphospholipid Antibody of the Scientific and Standardisation Committee of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis[J]. J Thromb Haemost, 2009, 7(10):1737-1740.
12. Giannakopoulos B, Krilis SA. The pathogenesis of the antiphospholipid syndrome[J]. N Engl J Med, 2013, 368(11):1033-1044.
13. Rosove MH, Brewer PM. Antiphospholipid thrombosis:clinical course after the first thrombotic event in 70 patients[J]. Ann Intern Med, 1992, 117(4):303-308.
14. 吴庆军, 朱燕林, 唐福林. 抗磷脂综合征100例临床特征分析[J]. 中华风湿病学杂志, 2007, 11(11):675-678.
15. Galli M, Luciani D, Bertolini G, et al. Lupus anticoagulants are stronger risk factors for thrombosis than anticardiolipin antibodies in the antiphospholipid syndrome:a systematic review of the literature[J]. Blood, 2003, 101(5):1827-1832.
16. Urbanus RT, Siegerink B, Roest M, et al. Antiphospholipid antibodies and risk of myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke in young women in the RATIO study:a case-control study[J]. Lancet Neurol, 2009, 8(11):998-1005.
17. Lockshin MD, Kim M, Laskin CA, et al. Prediction of adverse pregnancy outcome by the presence of lupus anticoagulant, but not anticardiolipin antibody, in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies[J]. Arthritis Rheum, 2012, 64(7):2311-2318.

West China Medical Journal

Clinical and Immunological Characteristics of Antiphospholipid Syndrome

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