Intravesical Adriamycin and It’s Derivative for Preventing Superficial Bladder Cancer Recurrance after TURB-t_Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Authors：

WEI Qiang ¹ , PENG Guohui ² , ZHANG Jian ¹ , HAN Ping ¹ , LIU Guanjian ³ , LIANG Huadong ⁴ , ZHANG Yueli ⁴

1. Department of Urology; West China Hosp ital of Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041; China2. Department of Urology; Qin gdao Harbour Hospital; Qingdao 266011; China3. Department of Clinical Epidemiol ogy; West China medical center of Sichuan University; China4. Department of Urology; Mudanjiang 2thPepople’s Hospital; Mudanjiang 157000; China;

Corresponding author：

Keywords：

Pirarnbicin; Epirubicin; Adriamycin; Intravesical; Superficial bladder cancer; Systematic review

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Objective 　To determine whether intravesically administered Adriamycin can prevent superficial bladder tumor to recur through assessing the efficacy of with intravesical Adriamycin and without intravesical Adriamycin after TURB-t.
Method 　The search strategy was made according to the demand of Cochrane Collaboration. Medline, Embase，CBMdisc and the Cochrane Library were searched for RCTs. Data were extracted by two reviewers using the designed extraction form. RevMan were used for data management and analysis.
Results 　Thirty three relevant trials were searched, of which eighteen trials were included and fifteen trials were excluded. Meta-analysis showed intravesically administered Pirarnbicin (THP), Epirubicin (EPI) and Adriamycin (ADM) can reduce the recurrence rate of superficial bladder cancer after operation during one or two years.
Conclusions 　Intravesically administered THP, EPI and ADM can reduce the recurrence rate of superficial bladder cancer after TUPB-t’s operation during one or two years. In addition, the factors affecting the prognosis should be performed, such as the dosage of irrigation of bladder, reserving time and the course.

Citation： WEI Qiang,PENG Guohui,ZHANG Jian,HAN Ping,LIU Guanjian,LIANG Huadong,ZHANG Yueli. Intravesical Adriamycin and It’s Derivative for Preventing Superficial Bladder Cancer Recurrance after TURB-t. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2004, 04(2): 104-113. doi: Copy

1.	［1］Lurn BL, Tort. Adjuvant intravesical pharmacology for superficial bladder cancer [ J ]. Journal of the National Cancer Institate, 1991 ;83(10) :682-694.
2.	［2］Fleischmann J, Goldberg G. Management of superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder[J ]. Semin Urol, 1993 ;11(4) :193-204.
3.	［3］Fitzpatrick JM. Superficial bladder carcinoma. Factors affecting the natural history[J]. World J Urol, 1993;11 (3) :142-147.
4.	［4］Jadad AR., Moore RA, Carroll D, Jenkinson C, Reynolds DJ, Gavaghan DJ, McQuay HJ. Assessing the quality of reports of raildomized clinical trials: IS blinding necessary [ J ] ?Control Clin Trials, 1996; 17 (1): 1-12.
5.	［5］Kjacrgard LL, Villumsen J, Gluud C. Quality of randomized cliuical trials affects estimates of intervention efficacy (abstract). In: VII Cochrane Colloquium [ C ], Rome, 1999:57.
6.	［6］Moher D, Pham B, Jones A, Cook DJ, Jadad AR, Moher M, Tugwell P, Klassen TP. Does quality of reports of randomized trials affect estimates of intervention efficacy reported in meta-analyes[J]. Lancet, 1998;352(9128): 609-613.
7.	［7］Clarke M, Oxman AD, editors. Cochrane Reviewers Haudbook 4. 0 [ updated July 1999 ]; Section 6. In: The Cochrane Library [ database on CD/ROM ]. The Cochrane Collaboration. Oxford: Update Software; 2000, Issuel.
8.	［8］Schulz KF, Chahmers I, Hayes R, Altman D. Empirical evidence of bias[J ]. JAMA, 1995 ;273 (5) :408-412.
9.	［9］Kurth KH, Schroder FH, Tunn U, Ay R, Pavone-Macaluso M, Debruyne F, de Pauw M, Dalesio O, ten Kate F.Adjuvant chemotherapy of superficial transitional cell bladder carcinoma: preliminary results of a European organization for research on treatment of cancer. Randomized trial comparing doxorubicin hydrochloride, ethoglucid and transurethral resection alone [ J ]. J Urol, 1984; 132 (2) :258-262.
10.	［10］Zincke H, Utz DC, Taylor WF, Myers RP, Leary FJ. Influence of thiotepa and doxorubicin instillation at time of transurethral surgical treatment of bladder cancer on tumor recurrence: a prospective, randomized, double-blind,controlled trial [ J ]. J Urol, 1983; 129 (3): 505-509.
11.	［11］Niijima T, Koiso K, Akaza H. Randomized clinical trial on chemoprophylaxis of recurrence in cases of superficial bladder cancer [ J ]. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 1983; 11 (Suppl):S79-82.
12.	［12］Pavone Macaluso M, Tfipi M, Ingargiola GB. Cooperative studies of chemoprophylaxis after transurethral resection of bladder tumors [J ]. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 1983; 11(Suppl): S16-21.
13.	［13］van der Meijden AP, Kurth KH, Oosterlinck W, Debruyne FM. Intravesical therapy with adriamycin and 4-epirubicin for superficial bladder cancer: the experience of the EORTC GU Group [ J ]. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 1992; 30(Suppl): S95-98.
14.	［14］Akaza H, KoisoK, KotakeT, Matsumura Y, Isaka S,Machida T, Obata K, Ohashi Y, Ohe H, Ohi Y, et al.Long-term results ofintravesical chemoprophylaxis of superficial bladder cancer: experience of the Japanese Urological Cancer Research Group for Adriamycin [ J ]. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 1992 ;30 (Suppl) :S15-20.
15.	［15］Maekawa S, Suzuki H, Ohkubo K, et al. Continuous intravesical instillation of epirubicin immediately after transuretbral resection of superficial bladder cancer: a prospective controlled study[J ]. Hinyokika Kiyo, 2000 ;46 (5) :301-306.
16.	［16］Isaka S, Okano T, Shimazaki J. Prophylaxis of superficial bladder cancer with instillation of adriamycin or mitomycin C[J]. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 1987 ;20 (Suppl) :S77-80.
17.	［17］Anonymous. Intravesical doxorubicin for the prophylaxis of superficial bladder tumors. A multicenter study[J ]. Blinst Italian Cooperative Group. Cancer, 1984; 54 (4): 756-761.
18.	［18］Huncharek M, Mc Garry R, Kupelnick B. Impact of intravesical chemotherapy on recurrence rate of recurrent superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: results of a metaanalysis[J]. Anticancer Res, 2001 ;21 (1B) :765-769.
19.	［19］Hinotsu S, Akaza H, Ohashi Y, Kotake T. lntravesical chemotherapy for maximum prophylaxis of new early phase superficial bladder carcinoma treated by transurethral resection:a combined analysis of trials by the Japanese Urological Cancer Research Group using smoothed hazard function[J]. Cancer,1999;86(9) :1818-1826.
20.	［20］HiraoY, OkajimaE, OharaS, OzonoS, HiramatsuT,Yoshida K, Yamada K, Aoyama H, Hashimoto M, Watanabe S. Prophylactic treatment for superficial bladder cancer following transurethral resection [ J ]. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 1987; 20 (Suppl) :S85-90.
21.	［21］Togashi M, Shinohara N, Toyota K, Koyanagi T, Maru A,Fujieda J, Kawakura K, Nishida T, Ohashi N. Prophylactic chemotherapy for primary and recurrent superficial bladder cancer: preliminary results [J ]. The Hokkaido University Bladder Cancer Collaborating Group. Cancer Chemother Phannacol, 1992 ;30 (Suppl): S21-25.
22.	［22］Tsushima T, Matsumura Y, Ozaki Y, Yoshimoto J, Ohmori H. Prophylactic intravesical instillation therapy with adriamycin and mitomycin C in patients with superficial bladder cancer[J]. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 1987 ;20 (Suppl): S72-76.
23.	［23］Rubben H, Lutzeyer W, Fischer N, Deutz F, Lagrange W,Giani G. Natural history and treatment of low and high risk superficial bladder tumors[J ]. J Urol, 1988; 139 (2) :283-285.
24.	［24］Akaza H, Isaka S, Koiso K, Kotake T, Machida T, Maru A,Matsumura Y, Niijima T, Obata K, Ohe H, et al.Comparative analysis of short-term and long-term prophylactic intravesical chemotherapy of superficial bladder cancer.Prospective, randomized, controlled studies of the Japauese Urological Cancer Research Group [J ]. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 1987 ;20 (Suppl): S91-96.
25.	［25］Ali-el-Dein B, EI-Baz M, Aly AN, Shamaa S, Ashamallah A.Intravesical epirubicin versus doxorubicin for superficial bladder tumors (stages pTa and pT1): a randomized prospective study[J]. J Urol, 1997; 158(1): 68-74.
26.	［26］Ali-el-Dein B, Nabeeh A, El-Baz M, Shamaa S, Ashamallah A. Siugle-dose versus multiple instillations of epimbicin as prophylaxis for recurrence after transurethral resection of pTa and PT1 transitional-cell bladder tumours: a prospective,raudomized controlled study[J]. Br J Urol, 1997; 79 (5):731-735.
27.	［27］Hirao Y, Ozono S, Momose H, Okajima E, Hiramatsu T,Yoshida K, Fukushima S, Ohashi Y. Prospective randomized study of prophylaxis of superficial bladder cancer with epirubicin: the role of a central pathology laboratory[J]. Nara Uro-oncology Research Group. (NUORG). Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 1994; 35 (Suppl): S36-40.
28.	［28］Kubota Y, Noguchi S, Shuin T, Moriyama M, Hosaka M,Satomi Y, Furuhata A, Kondo I, Sakuramoto T, Yao M, et al. Preoperative doxorubicin instillation in recurrent superficial bladder cancer[J ]. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 1987; 20(Suppl): S56-59.
29.	［29］Kurth K, Tunn U, Ay R, Schroder FH, Pavone-Macaluso M, Debruyne F, ten Kate F, de Pauw M, Sylvester R.Adjuvant chemotherapy for superficial transitional cell bladder carcinoma: long-term results of a European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer randomized trial comparing doxorubicin, ethoglucid and transurethral resection alone[J ].J Urol, 1997; 158(2): 378-384.
30.	［30］Matsumura Y, Akaza H, Isaka S, Kagawa S, Koiso K, Kotake T, Machida T, Niijima T, Obata K, Ohashi Y, et al. The 4th study of prophylactic intravesical chemotherapy with adriamycin in the treatment of superficial bladder cancer: the experieuce of the Japanese Urological Cancer Research Group for Adriamycin [ J ]. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 1992; 30(Suppl): S10-14.
31.	［31］Melekos MD, Dauaher H, Fokaefs E, Barbalias G. Intravesical instillations of 4-epi-doxorubicin (epirubicin) in the prophylactic treatment of superficial bladder cancer: results of a controlled prospective study [ J ]. J Urol, 1992; 147 (2): 371-375.
32.	［32］Melekos MD, Chionis HS, Paranychianakis GS, Dauber HH.Intravesical 4-epi-doxorubicin (epirubicin) versus bacillus Calmette-Guerin. A controlled prospective study on the prophylaxis of superficial bladder cancer[J]. Cancer, 1993; 72(5): 1749-1755.
33.	［33］Miki T, Nonomura N, Kojima Y, Okuyama A, Nakano E,Kiyohara H, Fujioka H, Koide T, Wakatsuki A, Kuroda H,Sugao H, Seguti T, Takeyama M, Yamaguchi S. A randomized study on intravesical pirarubicin (THP)chemoprophylaxis of recurrence after transurethral resection of superficial bladder cancer [J]. Hinyokika Kiyo, 1997; 43(12): 907-912.
34.	［34］Nonomura N, Nishimura K, Okuyama A, et al. Prophylactic effect of pirarubiciri (THP) on postoperative recurrence of superficial bladder cancer in terms of intravesical retention time[J]. Hinyokika Kiyo, 2001; 47(5): 315-319.
35.	［35］Obata K, Ohashi Y, Akaza H, Isaka S, Kagawa S, Koiso K,Kotake T, Machida T, Matsumura Y, Niijima T, et al.Prophylactic chemotherapy with intravesical instillation of adriamycin and oral administration of 5-fluorouracil after surgery for superficial bladder cancer [ J ]. The Japanese Urological Cancer Research Group for Adriamycin. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 1994; 35 (Suppl): S88-92.
36.	［36］Okamura K, Murase T, Obata KA. Randomized trial of early intravesical instillation of epirubicin in superficial bladder cancer[J]. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 1994; (Suppl): S31-35.
37.	［37］Okamura K, Oho Y, Kinukawa T, Matsuura O, Yamada S,Ando T, Fukatsu T, OhnoY, Ohshima S; Nagoya University Urological Oncology Group. Randomized study of single early instillation of (2" R)-4 ’-O-tetrahydropyranyl-doxorubicin for a single superficial bladder carcinoma[J ]. Cancer, 2002; 94(9): 2363-2368.
38.	［38］Oosterlinck W, Kurth KH, Schroder F, Bultinck J, Hammond B, Sylvester R. A prospective European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Genitourinary Group randomized trial comparing transurethral resection followed by a single intravesical instillation of epirubicin or water in single stage Ta, T1 papillary carcinoma of the bladder[J]. J Urol,1993; 149(4): 749-752.
39.	［39］Raitanen MP, Lukkarinen O. A controlled study of intravesical epirubicin with or without alpha 2b-interferon as prophylaxis for recurrent superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder [J ]. Finnish Multicentre Study Group. Br J Urol, 1995; 76(6): 697-701.
40.	［40］Rajala P, Liukkonen T, Raitanen M, Rintala E, Kaasinen E,Helle M, Lukkarinen O. Transurethral resection vith perioperative instilation on interferon-alpha or epirubicin for the prophylaxis of recurrent primary superficial bladder cancer:a prospective randomized multicenter study-Finnbladder Ⅲ[J]. J Urol, 1999; 161(4): 1133-1136.
41.	［41］Shinohara N, Nonomura K, Tanaka M, Nagamori S,Takakura F, Seki T, Koyanagi T, Togashi M, Maru A.Prophylactic chemotherapy with anthracyclines (adriamycin,epirubicin, and pirarubicin) for primary superficial bladder cancer [ J ]. The Hokkaido University Bladder Cancer Collaborative Group. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 1994; 35(Suppl): S41-45.
42.	［42］Cumming JA, Kirk D, Newling DW, Hargreave TB,Whelan P. A multi-centre phase two study of intravesical epirubicin in the treatment of superficial bladder tumour [ J ].Eur Urol, 1990; 17(1):20-22.

1. ［1］Lurn BL, Tort. Adjuvant intravesical pharmacology for superficial bladder cancer [ J ]. Journal of the National Cancer Institate, 1991 ;83(10) :682-694.
2. ［2］Fleischmann J, Goldberg G. Management of superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder[J ]. Semin Urol, 1993 ;11(4) :193-204.
3. ［3］Fitzpatrick JM. Superficial bladder carcinoma. Factors affecting the natural history[J]. World J Urol, 1993;11 (3) :142-147.
4. ［4］Jadad AR., Moore RA, Carroll D, Jenkinson C, Reynolds DJ, Gavaghan DJ, McQuay HJ. Assessing the quality of reports of raildomized clinical trials: IS blinding necessary [ J ] ?Control Clin Trials, 1996; 17 (1): 1-12.
5. ［5］Kjacrgard LL, Villumsen J, Gluud C. Quality of randomized cliuical trials affects estimates of intervention efficacy (abstract). In: VII Cochrane Colloquium [ C ], Rome, 1999:57.
6. ［6］Moher D, Pham B, Jones A, Cook DJ, Jadad AR, Moher M, Tugwell P, Klassen TP. Does quality of reports of randomized trials affect estimates of intervention efficacy reported in meta-analyes[J]. Lancet, 1998;352(9128): 609-613.
7. ［7］Clarke M, Oxman AD, editors. Cochrane Reviewers Haudbook 4. 0 [ updated July 1999 ]; Section 6. In: The Cochrane Library [ database on CD/ROM ]. The Cochrane Collaboration. Oxford: Update Software; 2000, Issuel.
8. ［8］Schulz KF, Chahmers I, Hayes R, Altman D. Empirical evidence of bias[J ]. JAMA, 1995 ;273 (5) :408-412.
9. ［9］Kurth KH, Schroder FH, Tunn U, Ay R, Pavone-Macaluso M, Debruyne F, de Pauw M, Dalesio O, ten Kate F.Adjuvant chemotherapy of superficial transitional cell bladder carcinoma: preliminary results of a European organization for research on treatment of cancer. Randomized trial comparing doxorubicin hydrochloride, ethoglucid and transurethral resection alone [ J ]. J Urol, 1984; 132 (2) :258-262.
10. ［10］Zincke H, Utz DC, Taylor WF, Myers RP, Leary FJ. Influence of thiotepa and doxorubicin instillation at time of transurethral surgical treatment of bladder cancer on tumor recurrence: a prospective, randomized, double-blind,controlled trial [ J ]. J Urol, 1983; 129 (3): 505-509.
11. ［11］Niijima T, Koiso K, Akaza H. Randomized clinical trial on chemoprophylaxis of recurrence in cases of superficial bladder cancer [ J ]. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 1983; 11 (Suppl):S79-82.
12. ［12］Pavone Macaluso M, Tfipi M, Ingargiola GB. Cooperative studies of chemoprophylaxis after transurethral resection of bladder tumors [J ]. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 1983; 11(Suppl): S16-21.
13. ［13］van der Meijden AP, Kurth KH, Oosterlinck W, Debruyne FM. Intravesical therapy with adriamycin and 4-epirubicin for superficial bladder cancer: the experience of the EORTC GU Group [ J ]. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 1992; 30(Suppl): S95-98.
14. ［14］Akaza H, KoisoK, KotakeT, Matsumura Y, Isaka S,Machida T, Obata K, Ohashi Y, Ohe H, Ohi Y, et al.Long-term results ofintravesical chemoprophylaxis of superficial bladder cancer: experience of the Japanese Urological Cancer Research Group for Adriamycin [ J ]. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 1992 ;30 (Suppl) :S15-20.
15. ［15］Maekawa S, Suzuki H, Ohkubo K, et al. Continuous intravesical instillation of epirubicin immediately after transuretbral resection of superficial bladder cancer: a prospective controlled study[J ]. Hinyokika Kiyo, 2000 ;46 (5) :301-306.
16. ［16］Isaka S, Okano T, Shimazaki J. Prophylaxis of superficial bladder cancer with instillation of adriamycin or mitomycin C[J]. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 1987 ;20 (Suppl) :S77-80.
17. ［17］Anonymous. Intravesical doxorubicin for the prophylaxis of superficial bladder tumors. A multicenter study[J ]. Blinst Italian Cooperative Group. Cancer, 1984; 54 (4): 756-761.
18. ［18］Huncharek M, Mc Garry R, Kupelnick B. Impact of intravesical chemotherapy on recurrence rate of recurrent superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: results of a metaanalysis[J]. Anticancer Res, 2001 ;21 (1B) :765-769.
19. ［19］Hinotsu S, Akaza H, Ohashi Y, Kotake T. lntravesical chemotherapy for maximum prophylaxis of new early phase superficial bladder carcinoma treated by transurethral resection:a combined analysis of trials by the Japanese Urological Cancer Research Group using smoothed hazard function[J]. Cancer,1999;86(9) :1818-1826.
20. ［20］HiraoY, OkajimaE, OharaS, OzonoS, HiramatsuT,Yoshida K, Yamada K, Aoyama H, Hashimoto M, Watanabe S. Prophylactic treatment for superficial bladder cancer following transurethral resection [ J ]. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 1987; 20 (Suppl) :S85-90.
21. ［21］Togashi M, Shinohara N, Toyota K, Koyanagi T, Maru A,Fujieda J, Kawakura K, Nishida T, Ohashi N. Prophylactic chemotherapy for primary and recurrent superficial bladder cancer: preliminary results [J ]. The Hokkaido University Bladder Cancer Collaborating Group. Cancer Chemother Phannacol, 1992 ;30 (Suppl): S21-25.
22. ［22］Tsushima T, Matsumura Y, Ozaki Y, Yoshimoto J, Ohmori H. Prophylactic intravesical instillation therapy with adriamycin and mitomycin C in patients with superficial bladder cancer[J]. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 1987 ;20 (Suppl): S72-76.
23. ［23］Rubben H, Lutzeyer W, Fischer N, Deutz F, Lagrange W,Giani G. Natural history and treatment of low and high risk superficial bladder tumors[J ]. J Urol, 1988; 139 (2) :283-285.
24. ［24］Akaza H, Isaka S, Koiso K, Kotake T, Machida T, Maru A,Matsumura Y, Niijima T, Obata K, Ohe H, et al.Comparative analysis of short-term and long-term prophylactic intravesical chemotherapy of superficial bladder cancer.Prospective, randomized, controlled studies of the Japauese Urological Cancer Research Group [J ]. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 1987 ;20 (Suppl): S91-96.
25. ［25］Ali-el-Dein B, EI-Baz M, Aly AN, Shamaa S, Ashamallah A.Intravesical epirubicin versus doxorubicin for superficial bladder tumors (stages pTa and pT1): a randomized prospective study[J]. J Urol, 1997; 158(1): 68-74.
26. ［26］Ali-el-Dein B, Nabeeh A, El-Baz M, Shamaa S, Ashamallah A. Siugle-dose versus multiple instillations of epimbicin as prophylaxis for recurrence after transurethral resection of pTa and PT1 transitional-cell bladder tumours: a prospective,raudomized controlled study[J]. Br J Urol, 1997; 79 (5):731-735.
27. ［27］Hirao Y, Ozono S, Momose H, Okajima E, Hiramatsu T,Yoshida K, Fukushima S, Ohashi Y. Prospective randomized study of prophylaxis of superficial bladder cancer with epirubicin: the role of a central pathology laboratory[J]. Nara Uro-oncology Research Group. (NUORG). Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 1994; 35 (Suppl): S36-40.
28. ［28］Kubota Y, Noguchi S, Shuin T, Moriyama M, Hosaka M,Satomi Y, Furuhata A, Kondo I, Sakuramoto T, Yao M, et al. Preoperative doxorubicin instillation in recurrent superficial bladder cancer[J ]. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 1987; 20(Suppl): S56-59.
29. ［29］Kurth K, Tunn U, Ay R, Schroder FH, Pavone-Macaluso M, Debruyne F, ten Kate F, de Pauw M, Sylvester R.Adjuvant chemotherapy for superficial transitional cell bladder carcinoma: long-term results of a European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer randomized trial comparing doxorubicin, ethoglucid and transurethral resection alone[J ].J Urol, 1997; 158(2): 378-384.
30. ［30］Matsumura Y, Akaza H, Isaka S, Kagawa S, Koiso K, Kotake T, Machida T, Niijima T, Obata K, Ohashi Y, et al. The 4th study of prophylactic intravesical chemotherapy with adriamycin in the treatment of superficial bladder cancer: the experieuce of the Japanese Urological Cancer Research Group for Adriamycin [ J ]. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 1992; 30(Suppl): S10-14.
31. ［31］Melekos MD, Dauaher H, Fokaefs E, Barbalias G. Intravesical instillations of 4-epi-doxorubicin (epirubicin) in the prophylactic treatment of superficial bladder cancer: results of a controlled prospective study [ J ]. J Urol, 1992; 147 (2): 371-375.
32. ［32］Melekos MD, Chionis HS, Paranychianakis GS, Dauber HH.Intravesical 4-epi-doxorubicin (epirubicin) versus bacillus Calmette-Guerin. A controlled prospective study on the prophylaxis of superficial bladder cancer[J]. Cancer, 1993; 72(5): 1749-1755.
33. ［33］Miki T, Nonomura N, Kojima Y, Okuyama A, Nakano E,Kiyohara H, Fujioka H, Koide T, Wakatsuki A, Kuroda H,Sugao H, Seguti T, Takeyama M, Yamaguchi S. A randomized study on intravesical pirarubicin (THP)chemoprophylaxis of recurrence after transurethral resection of superficial bladder cancer [J]. Hinyokika Kiyo, 1997; 43(12): 907-912.
34. ［34］Nonomura N, Nishimura K, Okuyama A, et al. Prophylactic effect of pirarubiciri (THP) on postoperative recurrence of superficial bladder cancer in terms of intravesical retention time[J]. Hinyokika Kiyo, 2001; 47(5): 315-319.
35. ［35］Obata K, Ohashi Y, Akaza H, Isaka S, Kagawa S, Koiso K,Kotake T, Machida T, Matsumura Y, Niijima T, et al.Prophylactic chemotherapy with intravesical instillation of adriamycin and oral administration of 5-fluorouracil after surgery for superficial bladder cancer [ J ]. The Japanese Urological Cancer Research Group for Adriamycin. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 1994; 35 (Suppl): S88-92.
36. ［36］Okamura K, Murase T, Obata KA. Randomized trial of early intravesical instillation of epirubicin in superficial bladder cancer[J]. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 1994; (Suppl): S31-35.
37. ［37］Okamura K, Oho Y, Kinukawa T, Matsuura O, Yamada S,Ando T, Fukatsu T, OhnoY, Ohshima S; Nagoya University Urological Oncology Group. Randomized study of single early instillation of (2" R)-4 ’-O-tetrahydropyranyl-doxorubicin for a single superficial bladder carcinoma[J ]. Cancer, 2002; 94(9): 2363-2368.
38. ［38］Oosterlinck W, Kurth KH, Schroder F, Bultinck J, Hammond B, Sylvester R. A prospective European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Genitourinary Group randomized trial comparing transurethral resection followed by a single intravesical instillation of epirubicin or water in single stage Ta, T1 papillary carcinoma of the bladder[J]. J Urol,1993; 149(4): 749-752.
39. ［39］Raitanen MP, Lukkarinen O. A controlled study of intravesical epirubicin with or without alpha 2b-interferon as prophylaxis for recurrent superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder [J ]. Finnish Multicentre Study Group. Br J Urol, 1995; 76(6): 697-701.
40. ［40］Rajala P, Liukkonen T, Raitanen M, Rintala E, Kaasinen E,Helle M, Lukkarinen O. Transurethral resection vith perioperative instilation on interferon-alpha or epirubicin for the prophylaxis of recurrent primary superficial bladder cancer:a prospective randomized multicenter study-Finnbladder Ⅲ[J]. J Urol, 1999; 161(4): 1133-1136.
41. ［41］Shinohara N, Nonomura K, Tanaka M, Nagamori S,Takakura F, Seki T, Koyanagi T, Togashi M, Maru A.Prophylactic chemotherapy with anthracyclines (adriamycin,epirubicin, and pirarubicin) for primary superficial bladder cancer [ J ]. The Hokkaido University Bladder Cancer Collaborative Group. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 1994; 35(Suppl): S41-45.
42. ［42］Cumming JA, Kirk D, Newling DW, Hargreave TB,Whelan P. A multi-centre phase two study of intravesical epirubicin in the treatment of superficial bladder tumour [ J ].Eur Urol, 1990; 17(1):20-22.

Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Intravesical Adriamycin and It’s Derivative for Preventing Superficial Bladder Cancer Recurrance after TURB-t

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