玻璃体视网膜交界面超微结构及其年龄相关性改变_Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Authors：

张辰茜 ,  陈有信

100730 中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北京协和医院眼科;

Corresponding author：

陈有信, Email: chenyouxinpumch@163.com

Keywords：

玻璃体/超微结构; 视网膜/超微结构; 年龄因素; 综述

DOI：

10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2014.03.030

Video：

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玻璃体视网膜交界面由玻璃体基底部、玻璃体后皮质与视网膜内界膜构成。玻璃体基底部借Ⅱ型胶原垂直插入内界膜形成紧密连接,玻璃体后皮质区则经"分子胶"模型、新糖蛋白模型及核纤层蛋白细胞模型形成相对松散的连接。随着年龄增长,玻璃体基底部后缘会逐渐向后延伸形成新的紧密连接,而玻璃体后皮质区则会由于内界膜增厚、基质降解酶浓度升高、自由基累积等致使玻璃体视网膜交界面粘连作用减弱,甚至形成玻璃体后脱离。玻璃体黄斑牵拉综合征、黄斑裂孔、孔源性视网膜脱离等玻璃体视网膜交界面疾病均被证实与玻璃体视网膜交界面状态密切相关。正确认识玻璃体视网膜交界面超微结构及年龄相关性改变是了解玻璃体视网膜交界面疾病的基础。

Citation： 张辰茜, 陈有信. 玻璃体视网膜交界面超微结构及其年龄相关性改变. Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 2014, 30(3): 328-331. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2014.03.030 Copy

1.	Sebag J. Age-related differences in the human vitreoretinal interface[J]. Arch Ophthalmol,1991,109:966-971.
2.	Johnson MW, Van Newkirk MR, Meyer KA. Perifoveal vitreous detachment is the primary pathogenic event in idiopathic macular hole formation[J]. Arch Ophthalmol,2001,119:215-222.
3.	Smiddy WE. Vitreomacular traction syndrome[M]//Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 2nd ed. St. Louis: Mosby,2004:951-955.
4.	Novak MA, Welch RB. Complications of acute symptomatic posterior vitreous detachment[J]. Am J Ophthalmol,1984,97:308-314.
5.	赵明威.玻璃体生理生化及病理生理[M]//张承芬.眼底病学.2版. 北京:人民卫生出版社,2010:39-42.
6.	Le Goff MM, Bishop PN. Adult vitreous structure and postnatal changes[J]. Eye (Lond),2008,22:1214-1222.
7.	Ponsioen TL, van der Worp RJ, van Luyn MJ, et al. Packages of vitreous collagen (type Ⅱ) in the human retina: an indication of postnatal collagen turnover?[J]. Exp Eye Res,2005,80:643-650.
8.	Ponsioen TL, van Luyn MJ, van der Worp RJ, et al. Collagen distribution in the human vitreoretinal interface[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2008,49:4089-4095.
9.	Blaschke UK, Eikenberry EF, Hulmes DJ, et al. Collagen Ⅺ nucleates self-assembly and limits lateral growth of cartilage fibrils[J]. J Biol Chem,2000,275:10370-10378.
10.	Wenstrup RJ, Florer JB, Brunskill EW, et al. Type Ⅴ collagen controls the initiation of collagen fibril assembly[J]. J Biol Chem,2004,279:53331-53337.
11.	Bishop PN, Holmes DF, Kadler KE, et al. Age-related changes on the surface of vitreous collagen fibrils[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2004,45:1041-1046.
12.	Balazs EA DJ. Ageing changes in the vitreous[M]//Dismukes K, Sekular R, Kline D, eds. Ageing and human visual function. New York: Alan R Liss,1982:45-57.
13.	Ponsioen TL, Hooymans JM, Los LI. Remodelling of the human vitreous and vitreoretinal interface--a dynamic process[J]. Prog Retin Eye Res,2010,29:580-595.
14.	Patronas M, Kroll AJ, Lou PL, et al. A review of vitreoretinal interface pathology[J]. Int Ophthalmol Clin,2009,49:133-143.
15.	Noda Y, Hata Y, Hisatomi T, et al. Functional properties of hyalocytes under PDGF-rich conditions[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2004,45:2107-2114.
16.	Vagaja NN, Chinnery HR, Binz N, et al. Changes in murine hyalocytes are valuable early indicators of ocular disease[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2012,53:1445-1451.
17.	Snead MP, Snead DR, Richards AJ, et al. Clinical, histological and ultrastructural studies of the posterior hyaloid membrane[J]. Eye (Lond),2002,16:447-453.
18.	Limb GA, Salt TE, Munro PM, et al. In vitro characterization of a spontaneously immortalized human Müller cell line (MIO-M1)[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2002,43:864-869.
19.	Ponsioen TL, van Luyn MJ, van der Worp RJ, et al. In vitro phagocytosis of collagens by immortalised human retinal Müller cells[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol,2007,245:82-92.
20.	Ponsioen TL, van Luyn MJ, van der Worp RJ, et al. Human retinal Müller cells synthesize collagens of the vitreous and vitreoretinal interface in vitro[J]. Mol Vis,2008,14:652-660.
21.	Russell SR. What we know (and do not know) about vitreoretinal adhesion[J]. Retina,2012,32 Suppl 2:S181-186.
22.	Khoshnoodi J, Pedchenko V, Hudson BG. Mammalian collagen Ⅳ[J]. Microsc Res Tech,2008,71:357-370.
23.	Määttä M, Heljasvaara R, Pihlajaniemi T, et al. Collagen ⅩⅧ/endostatin shows a ubiquitous distribution in human ocular tissues and endostatin-containing fragments accumulate in ocular fluid samples[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol,2007,245:74-81.
24.	Fukai N, Eklund L, Marneros AG, et al. Lack of collagen ⅩⅧ/endostatin results in eye abnormalities[J]. EMBO J,2002,21:1535-1544.
25.	步绍翀,李筱荣.玻璃体视网膜界面细胞外基质蛋白的分子生物学[J].中华眼底病杂志,2013,29:547-551.
26.	Michels RG. A clinical and histopathologic study of epiretinal membranes affecting the macula and removed by vitreous surgery[J]. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc,1982,80:580-656.
27.	Durbeej M. Laminins[J]. Cell Tissue Res,2010,339:259-268.
28.	Faralli JA, Schwinn MK, Gonzalez JM Jr, et al. Functional properties of fibronectin in the trabecular meshwork[J]. Exp Eye Res,2009,88:689-693.
29.	Mitry D, Fleck BW, Wright AF, et al. Pathogenesis of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: predisposing anatomy and cell biology[J]. Retina,2010,30:1561-1572.
30.	Le Goff MM, Sutton MJ, Slevin M, et al. Opticin exerts its anti-angiogenic activity by regulating extracellular matrix adhesiveness[J]. J Biol Chem,2012,287:28027-28036.
31.	Le Goff MM, Lu H, Ugarte M, et al. The vitreous glycoprotein opticin inhibits preretinal neovascularization[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2012,53:228-234.
32.	Wang J, McLeod D, Henson DB, et al. Age-dependent changes in the basal retinovitreous adhesion[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2003,44:1793-1800.
33.	Schumann RG, Schaumberger MM, Rohleder M, et al. Ultrastructure of the vitreomacular interface in full-thickness idiopathic macular holes: a consecutive analysis of 100 cases[J]. Am J Ophthalmol,2006,141:1112-1119.
34.	Girach A, Pakola S. Vitreomacular interface diseases: pathophysiology, diagnosis and future treatment options[J]. Expert Rev Ophthalmol,2012,7:311-323.
35.	Kohno T, Sorgente N, Ishibashi T, et al. Immunofluorescent studies of fibronectin and laminin in the human eye[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,1987,28:506-514.
36.	Candiello J, Cole GJ, Halfter W. Age-dependent changes in the structure, composition and biophysical properties of a human basement membrane[J]. Matrix Biol,2010,29:402-410.
37.	Balasubramani M, Schreiber EM, Candiello J, et al. Molecular interactions in the retinal basement membrane system: a proteomic approach[J]. Matrix Biol,2010,29:471-483.
38.	Murphy G, Reynolds JJ. Extracellular matrix degradation[M]//Royce PM, Steinmann B, eds. Connective tissue and its heritable disorders. New York: Wiley-Liss,1993:287-316.
39.	Vaughan-Thomas A, Gilbert SJ, Duance VC. Elevated levels of proteolytic enzymes in the aging human vitreous[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2000,41:3299-3304.
40.	Brown DJ, Bishop P, Hamdi H, et al. Cleavage of structural components of mammalian vitreous by endogenous matrix metalloproteinase-2[J]. Curr Eye Res,1996,15:439-445.
41.	Baramova EN, Bajou K, Remacle A, et al. Involvement of PA/plasmin system in the processing of pro-MMP-9 and in the second step of pro-MMP-2 activation[J]. FEBS Lett,1997,405:157-162.
42.	Takano A, Hirata A, Inomata Y, et al. Intravitreal plasmin injection activates endogenous matrix metalloproteinase-2 in rabbit and human vitreous[J]. Am J Ophthalmol,2005,140:654-660.
43.	Schneider EW, Johnson MW. Emerging nonsurgical methods for the treatment of vitreomacular adhesion: a review[J]. Clin Ophthalmol,2011,5:1151-1165.
44.	Sebag J. Is pharmacologic vitreolysis brewing?[J]. Retina,2002,22:1-3.
45.	Johnson MW. Posterior vitreous detachment: evolution and complications of its early stages[J]. Am J Ophthalmol,2010,149:371-382.
46.	Russell SR, Hageman GS. Optic disc, foveal, and extrafoveal damage due to surgical separation of the vitreous[J]. Arch Ophthalmol,2001,119:1653-1658.
47.	Nazari H, Modarres-Zadeh M, Maleki A. Pharmacologic vitreolysis[J]. J Ophthalmic Vis Res,2010,5:44-52.

1. Sebag J. Age-related differences in the human vitreoretinal interface[J]. Arch Ophthalmol,1991,109:966-971.
2. Johnson MW, Van Newkirk MR, Meyer KA. Perifoveal vitreous detachment is the primary pathogenic event in idiopathic macular hole formation[J]. Arch Ophthalmol,2001,119:215-222.
3. Smiddy WE. Vitreomacular traction syndrome[M]//Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 2nd ed. St. Louis: Mosby,2004:951-955.
4. Novak MA, Welch RB. Complications of acute symptomatic posterior vitreous detachment[J]. Am J Ophthalmol,1984,97:308-314.
5. 赵明威.玻璃体生理生化及病理生理[M]//张承芬.眼底病学.2版. 北京:人民卫生出版社,2010:39-42.
6. Le Goff MM, Bishop PN. Adult vitreous structure and postnatal changes[J]. Eye (Lond),2008,22:1214-1222.
7. Ponsioen TL, van der Worp RJ, van Luyn MJ, et al. Packages of vitreous collagen (type Ⅱ) in the human retina: an indication of postnatal collagen turnover?[J]. Exp Eye Res,2005,80:643-650.
8. Ponsioen TL, van Luyn MJ, van der Worp RJ, et al. Collagen distribution in the human vitreoretinal interface[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2008,49:4089-4095.
9. Blaschke UK, Eikenberry EF, Hulmes DJ, et al. Collagen Ⅺ nucleates self-assembly and limits lateral growth of cartilage fibrils[J]. J Biol Chem,2000,275:10370-10378.
10. Wenstrup RJ, Florer JB, Brunskill EW, et al. Type Ⅴ collagen controls the initiation of collagen fibril assembly[J]. J Biol Chem,2004,279:53331-53337.
11. Bishop PN, Holmes DF, Kadler KE, et al. Age-related changes on the surface of vitreous collagen fibrils[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2004,45:1041-1046.
12. Balazs EA DJ. Ageing changes in the vitreous[M]//Dismukes K, Sekular R, Kline D, eds. Ageing and human visual function. New York: Alan R Liss,1982:45-57.
13. Ponsioen TL, Hooymans JM, Los LI. Remodelling of the human vitreous and vitreoretinal interface--a dynamic process[J]. Prog Retin Eye Res,2010,29:580-595.
14. Patronas M, Kroll AJ, Lou PL, et al. A review of vitreoretinal interface pathology[J]. Int Ophthalmol Clin,2009,49:133-143.
15. Noda Y, Hata Y, Hisatomi T, et al. Functional properties of hyalocytes under PDGF-rich conditions[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2004,45:2107-2114.
16. Vagaja NN, Chinnery HR, Binz N, et al. Changes in murine hyalocytes are valuable early indicators of ocular disease[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2012,53:1445-1451.
17. Snead MP, Snead DR, Richards AJ, et al. Clinical, histological and ultrastructural studies of the posterior hyaloid membrane[J]. Eye (Lond),2002,16:447-453.
18. Limb GA, Salt TE, Munro PM, et al. In vitro characterization of a spontaneously immortalized human Müller cell line (MIO-M1)[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2002,43:864-869.
19. Ponsioen TL, van Luyn MJ, van der Worp RJ, et al. In vitro phagocytosis of collagens by immortalised human retinal Müller cells[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol,2007,245:82-92.
20. Ponsioen TL, van Luyn MJ, van der Worp RJ, et al. Human retinal Müller cells synthesize collagens of the vitreous and vitreoretinal interface in vitro[J]. Mol Vis,2008,14:652-660.
21. Russell SR. What we know (and do not know) about vitreoretinal adhesion[J]. Retina,2012,32 Suppl 2:S181-186.
22. Khoshnoodi J, Pedchenko V, Hudson BG. Mammalian collagen Ⅳ[J]. Microsc Res Tech,2008,71:357-370.
23. Määttä M, Heljasvaara R, Pihlajaniemi T, et al. Collagen ⅩⅧ/endostatin shows a ubiquitous distribution in human ocular tissues and endostatin-containing fragments accumulate in ocular fluid samples[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol,2007,245:74-81.
24. Fukai N, Eklund L, Marneros AG, et al. Lack of collagen ⅩⅧ/endostatin results in eye abnormalities[J]. EMBO J,2002,21:1535-1544.
25. 步绍翀,李筱荣.玻璃体视网膜界面细胞外基质蛋白的分子生物学[J].中华眼底病杂志,2013,29:547-551.
26. Michels RG. A clinical and histopathologic study of epiretinal membranes affecting the macula and removed by vitreous surgery[J]. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc,1982,80:580-656.
27. Durbeej M. Laminins[J]. Cell Tissue Res,2010,339:259-268.
28. Faralli JA, Schwinn MK, Gonzalez JM Jr, et al. Functional properties of fibronectin in the trabecular meshwork[J]. Exp Eye Res,2009,88:689-693.
29. Mitry D, Fleck BW, Wright AF, et al. Pathogenesis of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: predisposing anatomy and cell biology[J]. Retina,2010,30:1561-1572.
30. Le Goff MM, Sutton MJ, Slevin M, et al. Opticin exerts its anti-angiogenic activity by regulating extracellular matrix adhesiveness[J]. J Biol Chem,2012,287:28027-28036.
31. Le Goff MM, Lu H, Ugarte M, et al. The vitreous glycoprotein opticin inhibits preretinal neovascularization[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2012,53:228-234.
32. Wang J, McLeod D, Henson DB, et al. Age-dependent changes in the basal retinovitreous adhesion[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2003,44:1793-1800.
33. Schumann RG, Schaumberger MM, Rohleder M, et al. Ultrastructure of the vitreomacular interface in full-thickness idiopathic macular holes: a consecutive analysis of 100 cases[J]. Am J Ophthalmol,2006,141:1112-1119.
34. Girach A, Pakola S. Vitreomacular interface diseases: pathophysiology, diagnosis and future treatment options[J]. Expert Rev Ophthalmol,2012,7:311-323.
35. Kohno T, Sorgente N, Ishibashi T, et al. Immunofluorescent studies of fibronectin and laminin in the human eye[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,1987,28:506-514.
36. Candiello J, Cole GJ, Halfter W. Age-dependent changes in the structure, composition and biophysical properties of a human basement membrane[J]. Matrix Biol,2010,29:402-410.
37. Balasubramani M, Schreiber EM, Candiello J, et al. Molecular interactions in the retinal basement membrane system: a proteomic approach[J]. Matrix Biol,2010,29:471-483.
38. Murphy G, Reynolds JJ. Extracellular matrix degradation[M]//Royce PM, Steinmann B, eds. Connective tissue and its heritable disorders. New York: Wiley-Liss,1993:287-316.
39. Vaughan-Thomas A, Gilbert SJ, Duance VC. Elevated levels of proteolytic enzymes in the aging human vitreous[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2000,41:3299-3304.
40. Brown DJ, Bishop P, Hamdi H, et al. Cleavage of structural components of mammalian vitreous by endogenous matrix metalloproteinase-2[J]. Curr Eye Res,1996,15:439-445.
41. Baramova EN, Bajou K, Remacle A, et al. Involvement of PA/plasmin system in the processing of pro-MMP-9 and in the second step of pro-MMP-2 activation[J]. FEBS Lett,1997,405:157-162.
42. Takano A, Hirata A, Inomata Y, et al. Intravitreal plasmin injection activates endogenous matrix metalloproteinase-2 in rabbit and human vitreous[J]. Am J Ophthalmol,2005,140:654-660.
43. Schneider EW, Johnson MW. Emerging nonsurgical methods for the treatment of vitreomacular adhesion: a review[J]. Clin Ophthalmol,2011,5:1151-1165.
44. Sebag J. Is pharmacologic vitreolysis brewing?[J]. Retina,2002,22:1-3.
45. Johnson MW. Posterior vitreous detachment: evolution and complications of its early stages[J]. Am J Ophthalmol,2010,149:371-382.
46. Russell SR, Hageman GS. Optic disc, foveal, and extrafoveal damage due to surgical separation of the vitreous[J]. Arch Ophthalmol,2001,119:1653-1658.
47. Nazari H, Modarres-Zadeh M, Maleki A. Pharmacologic vitreolysis[J]. J Ophthalmic Vis Res,2010,5:44-52.

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