Multidisciplinary approach in the management of diabetic retinopathy_Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Authors：

 Zhang Xuedong , Liu Shulin

The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing 400016, China;

Corresponding author：

Zhang Xuedong, Email: zxued@sina.com

Keywords：

Diabetic retinopathy/diagnosis; Diabetic retinopathy/treatment; Editorial

DOI：

10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2017.03.002

Video：

Export PDF Favorites Scan Get Citation

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). Like other macrovascular complications of DM, the development and progression of DR is influenced by a variety of systemic and local factors. It is essential to understand the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration. Systemic risk fators such as hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetic nephropathy should be treated before effective DR management can be implemented. Through multidisciplinary collaboration, we can prevent the development of DR, slow the progression of DR, and improve the safety of perioperative care. Thereby enhancing the level of prevention and control of DM complications, including DR.

Citation： Zhang Xuedong, Liu Shulin. Multidisciplinary approach in the management of diabetic retinopathy. Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 2017, 33(3): 224-229. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2017.03.002 Copy

1.	Lachin JM, Genuth S, Nathan DM, et al. Effect of glycemic exposure on the risk of microvascular complications in the diabetes control and complications trial--revisited[J]. Diabetes, 2008, 57(4): 995-1001. DOI: 10.2337/db07-1618.
2.	Gorst C, Kwok CS, Aslam S, et al. Long-term glycemic variability and risk of adverse outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Diabetes Care, 2015, 38(12): 2354-2369. DOI: 10.2337/dc15-1188.
3.	Buehler AM, Cavalcanti AB, Berwanger O, et al. Effect of tight blood glucose control versus conventional control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. Cardiovasc Ther, 2013, 31(3): 147-160. DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5922.2011.00308.x.
4.	The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group.The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus[J]. N Engl J Med, 1993, 329(14): 977-986. DOI: 10.1056/nejm199309303291401.
5.	The Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group. Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes[J]. N Engl J Med, 2008, 358(24): 2545-2559. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0802743.
6.	Holman RR, Paul SK, Bethel MA, et al. 10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes[J]. N Engl J Med, 2008, 359(15): 1577-1589. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0806470.
7.	Nathan DM, Zinman B, Cleary PA, et al. Modern-day clinical course of type 1 diabetes mellitus after 30 years' duration: the diabetes control and complications trial/epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications and Pittsburgh epidemiology of diabetes complications experience (1983-2005) [J]. Arch Intern Med, 2009, 169(14): 1307-1316. DOI: 10.1001/archinternmed.2009.193.
8.	Ali MK, Bullard KM, Saaddine JB, et al. Achievement of goals in U.S. diabetes care, 1999-2010[J]. N Engl J Med, 2013, 368(17): 1613-1624. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMsa1213829.
9.	Chew EY, Klein ML, Ferris FL, et al. Association of elevated serum lipid levels with retinal hard exudate in diabetic retinopathy. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) Report 22[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 1996, 114(9): 1079-1084. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1996.01100140281004.
10.	Miljanovic B, Glynn RJ, Nathan DM, et al. A prospective study of serum lipids and risk of diabetic macular edema in type 1 diabetes[J]. Diabetes, 2004, 53(11): 2883-2892. DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.53.11.2883.
11.	Romero P, Salvat M, Fernandez J, et al. Renal and retinal microangiopathy after 15 years of follow-up study in a sample of type 1 diabetes mellitus patients[J]. J Diabetes Complications, 2007, 21(2): 93-100. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2006.04.001.
12.	Lyons TJ, Jenkins AJ, Zheng D, et al. Diabetic retinopathy and serum lipoprotein subclasses in the DCCT/EDIC cohort[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2004, 45(3): 910-918. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.02-0648.
13.	Davis MD, Fisher MR, Gangnon RE, et al. Risk factors for high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy and severe visual loss: Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Report 18[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 1998, 39(2): 233-252.
14.	Klein BE, Myers CE, Howard KP, et al. Serum lipids and proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular edema in persons with long-term type 1 diabetes mellitus: The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy[J]. JAMA Ophthalmol, 2015, 133(5): 503-510. DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2014.5108.
15.	Cohen RA, Hennekens CH, Christen WG, et al. Determinants of retinopathy progression in type 1 diabetes mellitus[J]. Am J Med, 1999, 107(1): 45-51. DOI: 10.1016/S0002-9343(99)00165-5.
16.	韩昌婧, 郑志.血脂紊乱与糖尿病视网膜病变相关性研究现状与进展[J]. 中华眼底病杂志, 2016, 32(2): 210-212. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2016.02.025.Han CJ, Zheng Z. The status and progress of relationship between dyslipidemia and diabetic retinopathy[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2016, 32(2): 210-212. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2016.02.025.
17.	Kim J, Ahn JH, Kim JH, et al. Fenofibrate regulates retinal endothelial cell survival through the AMPK signal transduction pathway[J]. Exp Eye Res, 2007, 84(5): 886-893. DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2007.01.009.
18.	Miranda S, Gonzalez-Rodriguez A, Garcia-Ramirez M, et al. Beneficial effects of fenofibrate in retinal pigment epithelium by the modulation of stress and survival signaling under diabetic conditions[J]. J Cell Physiol, 2012, 227(6): 2352-2362. DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22970.
19.	Trudeau K, Roy S, Guo W, et al. Fenofibric acid reduces fibronectin and collagen type Ⅳ overexpression in human retinal pigment epithelial cells grown in conditions mimicking the diabetic milieu: functional implications in retinal permeability[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2011, 52(9): 6348-6354. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-7282.
20.	Roy S, Kim D, Hernandez C, et al. Beneficial effects of fenofibric acid on overexpression of extracellular matrix components, COX-2, and impairment of endothelial permeability associated with diabetic retinopathy[J]. Exp Eye Res, 2015, 140: 124-129. DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.08.010.
21.	Villarroel M, Garcia-Ramirez M, Corraliza L, et al. Fenofibric acid prevents retinal pigment epithelium disruption induced by interleukin-1beta by suppressing AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation[J]. Diabetologia, 2011, 54(6): 1543-1553. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2089-5.
22.	Omae T, Nagaoka T, Tanano I, et al. Fenofibrate, an anti-dyslipidemia drug, elicits the dilation of isolated porcine retinal arterioles: role of nitric oxide and AMP-activated protein kinase[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2012, 53(6): 2880-2886. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-8841.
23.	Geng Q, Ren J, Chen H, et al. Adverse events following statin–fenofibrate therapy versus statin alone: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 2013, 40(3): 219-226. DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12053.
24.	Hata Y, Miura M, Asato R, et al. Antiangiogenic mechanisms of simvastatin in retinal endothelial cells[J]. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2010, 248(5): 667-673. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-009-1282-4.
25.	Dorecka M, Francuz T, Garczorz W, et al. The influence of elastin degradation products, glucose and atorvastatin on metalloproteinase-1, -2, -9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, -2, -3 expression in human retinal pigment epithelial cells[J]. Acta Biochim Pol, 2014, 61(2): 265-270.
26.	Al-Shabrawey M, Bartoli M, El-Remessy AB, et al. Role of NADPH oxidase and Stat3 in statin-mediated protection against diabetic retinopathy[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2008, 49(7): 3231-3238. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.08-1754.
27.	Fernandes R, Bento CF, Matafome P, et al. Atorvastatin-mediated protection of the retina in a model of diabetes with hyperlipidemia[J]. Can J Physiol Pharmacol, 2014, 92(12): 1037-1043. DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0212.
28.	Li J, Wang JJ, Yu Q, et al. Inhibition of reactive oxygen species by lovastatin downregulates vascular endothelial growth factor expression and ameliorates blood-retinal barrier breakdown in db/db mice: role of NADPH oxidase 4[J]. Diabetes, 2010, 59(6): 1528-1538. DOI: 10.2337/db09-1057.
29.	Miyahara S, Kiryu J, Yamashiro K, et al. Simvastatin inhibits leukocyte accumulation and vascular permeability in the retinas of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes[J]. Am J Pathol, 2004, 164(5): 1697-1706. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63728-5.
30.	Nagaoka T, Hein TW, Yoshida A, et al. Simvastatin elicits dilation of isolated porcine retinal arterioles: role of nitric oxide and mevalonate-rho kinase pathways[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2007, 48(2): 825-832. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.06-0856.
31.	Nielsen SF, Nordestgaard BG. Statin use before diabetes diagnosis and risk of microvascular disease: a nationwide nested matched study[J]. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2014, 2(11): 894-900. DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(14)70173-1.
32.	Zhang J, McGwin G Jr.Association of statin use with the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 2007, 125(8): 1096-1099. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.125.8.1096.
33.	UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group.Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38[J]. BMJ, 1998, 317(7160): 703-713. DOI: dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.317.7160.703.
34.	Chew EY, Ambrosius WT, Davis MD, et al. Effects of medical therapies on retinopathy progression in type 2 diabetes[J]. N Engl J Med, 2010, 363(3): 233-244. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1001288.
35.	Chaturvedi N, Porta M, Klein R, et al. Effect of candesartan on prevention (DIRECT-Prevent 1) and progression (DIRECT-Protect 1) of retinopathy in type 1 diabetes: randomised, placebo-controlled trials[J]. Lancet, 2008, 372(9647): 1394-1402. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61412-9.
36.	Kotlarsky P, Bolotin A, Dorfman K, et al. Link between retinopathy and nephropathy caused by complications of diabetes mellitus type 2[J]. Int Ophthalmol, 2015, 35(1): 59-66. DOI: 10.1007/s10792-014-0018-6.
37.	廖丁莹, 吕莎莎, 郑玉萍, 等.Ⅱ型糖尿病尿蛋白含量与黄斑区视网膜厚度的相关性研究[J]. 中国实用眼科杂志, 2016, 34(9): 936-940. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1006-4443.2016.09.006.Liao DY, Lyu SS, Zheng YP, et al. Correlation between the urinary protein content and the macular retinal thickness in cases with type Ⅱ diabetes[J]. Chin J Pract Ophthalmol, 2016, 34(9): 936-940. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1006-4443.2016.09.006.
38.	Parving HH, Mogensen CE, Thomas MC, et al. Poor prognosis in proteinuric type 2 diabetic patients with retinopathy: insights from the RENAAL study[J]. QJM, 2005, 98(2): 119-126. DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hci017.
39.	Nazir N, Siddiqui K, Alqasim S, et al. Meta-analysis of diabetic nephropathy associated genetic variants in inflammation and angiogenesis involved in different biochemical pathways[J]. BMC Medical Genetics, 2014, 15(1): 103. DOI: 10.1186/s12881-014-0103-8.
40.	Kim JH, Shin HD, Park BL, et al. SLC12A3 (solute carrier family 12 member [sodium/chloride] 3) polymorphisms are associated with end-stage renal disease in diabetic nephropathy[J]. Diabetes, 2006, 55(3): 843-848. DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.55.03.06.db05-1013.
41.	Grassi MA, Tikhomirov A, Ramalingam S, et al. Genome-wide meta-analysis for severe diabetic retinopathy[J]. Hum Mol Genet, 2011, 20(12): 2472-2481. DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr121.
42.	Mooyaart AL, Valk EJ, van Es LA, et al. Genetic associations in diabetic nephropathy: a meta-analysis[J]. Diabetologia, 2011, 18(3): 197-200. DOI:.
43.	Kuo JZ, Wong TY, Rotter JI.Challenges in elucidating the genetics of diabetic retinopathy[J]. JAMA Ophthalmol, 2014, 132(1): 96-107. DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.5024.
44.	DCCT/EDIC Research Group, Aiello LP, Sun W, et al. Intensive diabetes therapy and ocular surgery in type 1 diabetes[J]. N Engl J Med, 2015, 372(18): 1722-1733. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1409463.
45.	White NH, Sun W, Cleary PA, et al. Prolonged effect of intensive therapy on the risk of retinopathy complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: 10 years after the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 2008, 126(12): 1707-1715. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.126.12.1707.
46.	赵姝芝, 李涛, 郑冰清, 等.糖尿病视网膜病变相关" 代谢记忆”的研究进展[J]. 中华眼底病杂志, 2013, 29(1): 103-106. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2013.01.031.Zhao SZ, Li T, Zheng BQ, et al. The progress in the research of" metabolic memory” of diabetic retinopathy [J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2013, 29(1): 103-106. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2013.01.031.
47.	Keech AC, Mitchell P, Summanen PA, et al. Effect of fenofibrate on the need for laser treatment for diabetic retinopathy (FIELD study): a randomised controlled trial[J]. Lancet, 2007, 370(9600): 1687-1697. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61607-9.
48.	Massin P, Peto T, Ansquer JC, et al. Effects of fenofibric acid on diabetic macular edema: the MacuFen study[J]. Ophthalmic Epidemiol, 2014, 21(5): 307-317. DOI: 10.3109/09286586.2014.949783.
49.	Colhoun HM, Betteridge DJ, Durrington PN, et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial[J]. Lancet, 2004, 364(9435): 685-696. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(04)16895-5.
50.	Collins R, Armitage J, Parish S, et al. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial[J]. Lancet, 2003, 361(9374): 2005-2016. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13636-7.
51.	贾爱华, 王荣, 刘新艳, 等.尿微量白蛋白与糖尿病视网膜病变相关性分析[J]. 吉林医学, 2013, 34(4): 652-653. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-0412.2013.04.027.Jia AH, Wang R, Liu XY, et al. The association of urinary microalbumin and diabetic retinopathy [J]. Jilin Medicine, 2013, 34(4): 652-653. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-0412.2013.04.027.
52.	Kameda Y, Babazono T, Haruyama K, et al. Renal function following fluorescein angiography in diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease[J]. Diabetes Care, 2009, 32(3): 31. DOI: 10.2337/dc08-1692.
53.	广东省眼底病影像诊疗中心, 广东省中西医结合学会眼科专业委员会.广东省荧光素眼底血管造影操作技术规范专家共识(2015年)[J]. 广东医学, 2016, 37(12): 1789-1791. DOI: 10.13820/j.cnki.gdyx.2016.12.002.Guangdong Retinal Disease Diagnosis And Treatment Center, Guangdong Association Of Integrative Medicine Ophthalmology Professional Committee. Expert consensus on the technical specification of fluorescein fundus angiography in Guangdong (2015)[J]. Guangdong Medical Journal, 2016, 37(12): 1789-1791. DOI: 10.13820/j.cnki.gdyx.2016.12.002.
54.	Schroner Z, Lazurova I, Petrovicova J.Autoimmune thyroid diseases in patients with diabetes mellitus[J]. Bratisl Lek Listy, 2008, 109(3): 125-129. DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2011.06.006.
55.	Chubb SA, Davis WA, Inman Z, et al. Prevalence and progression of subclinical hypothyroidism in women with type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study[J]. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 2005, 62(4): 480-486. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2005.02246.x.
56.	Matsuda S, Tam T, Singh RP, et al. The impact of metabolic parameters on clinical response to VEGF inhibitors for diabetic macular edema[J]. J Diabetes Complications, 2014, 28(2): 166-170. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2013.11.009.
57.	Ozturk BT, Kerimoglu H, Adam M, et al. Glucose regulation influences treatment outcome in ranibizumab treatment for diabetic macular edema[J]. J Diabetes Complications, 2011, 25(5): 298-302. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2010.09.006.
58.	李岩, 刘佳, 齐朋承, 等.增生性糖尿病视网膜病变患者围手术期血糖特点及影响因素分析[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志, 2014, 32(3): 262-265. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-0160.2014.03.016.Li Y, Liu J, Qi PC, et al. Influential factors of blood glucose during perioperative period for patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy [J]. Chin J Exp Ophthalmol, 2014, 32(3): 262-265. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-0160.2014.03.016.
59.	于茜, 陈少军, 黄小勇, 等.玻璃体切除联合硅油填充术治疗糖尿病视网膜病变的愈后及并发症分析[J]. 第三军医大学学报, 2015, 37(20): 2076-2079. DOI: 10.16016/j.1000-5404.201503012.Yu Q, Chen SJ, Huang XY, et al. Prognosis and complications for vitrectomy combined with intraocular silicone oil tamponade on diabetic retinopathy: report of 98 eyes [J]. Journal of Third Military Medical University, 2015, 37(20): 2076-2079. DOI: 10.16016/j.1000-5404.201503012.
60.	孙哲, 廖昕, 谢春蕾, 等.围手术期血压波动与增生性糖尿病视网膜病玻璃体切除术后再出血的关系[J]. 临床眼科杂志, 2015, 23(6): 511-514. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8422.2015.06.009.Sun Z, Liao X, Xie CL, et al. The relationship between perioperative blood pressure fluctuations and vitreous re-hemorrhage in proliferative diabetic retinopathy after vitrectomy [J]. Journal of Clinical ophthalmology, 2015, 23(6): 511-514. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8422.2015.06.009.
61.	Tuuminen R, Sahanne S, Loukovaara S.Low intravitreal angiopoietin-2 and VEGF levels in vitrectomized diabetic patients with simvastatin treatment[J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2014, 92(7): 675-681. DOI: 10.1111/aos.12363.
62.	Tuuminen R, Sahanne S, Haukka J, et al. Improved outcome after primary vitrectomy in diabetic patients treated with statins[J]. Eur J Ophthalmol, 2016, 26(2): 174-181. DOI: 10.5301/ejo.5000657.
63.	Fabinyi DC, O'Neill EC, Connell PP, et al. Vitreous cavity haemorrhage post-vitrectomy for diabetic eye disease: the effect of perioperative anticoagulation and antiplatelet agents[J]. Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2011, 39(9): 878-884. DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2011.02575.x.
64.	Brown JS, Mahmoud TH.Anticoagulation and clinically significant postoperative vitreous hemorrhage in diabetic vitrectomy[J]. Retina, 2011, 31(10): 1983-1987. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e31821800cd.
65.	Claire EF, Donald J, D'Amico.Diabetic retinopathy: prevention and treatment[EB/OL].[2016-9-28]. .

1. Lachin JM, Genuth S, Nathan DM, et al. Effect of glycemic exposure on the risk of microvascular complications in the diabetes control and complications trial--revisited[J]. Diabetes, 2008, 57(4): 995-1001. DOI: 10.2337/db07-1618.
2. Gorst C, Kwok CS, Aslam S, et al. Long-term glycemic variability and risk of adverse outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Diabetes Care, 2015, 38(12): 2354-2369. DOI: 10.2337/dc15-1188.
3. Buehler AM, Cavalcanti AB, Berwanger O, et al. Effect of tight blood glucose control versus conventional control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. Cardiovasc Ther, 2013, 31(3): 147-160. DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5922.2011.00308.x.
4. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group.The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus[J]. N Engl J Med, 1993, 329(14): 977-986. DOI: 10.1056/nejm199309303291401.
5. The Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group. Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes[J]. N Engl J Med, 2008, 358(24): 2545-2559. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0802743.
6. Holman RR, Paul SK, Bethel MA, et al. 10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes[J]. N Engl J Med, 2008, 359(15): 1577-1589. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0806470.
7. Nathan DM, Zinman B, Cleary PA, et al. Modern-day clinical course of type 1 diabetes mellitus after 30 years' duration: the diabetes control and complications trial/epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications and Pittsburgh epidemiology of diabetes complications experience (1983-2005) [J]. Arch Intern Med, 2009, 169(14): 1307-1316. DOI: 10.1001/archinternmed.2009.193.
8. Ali MK, Bullard KM, Saaddine JB, et al. Achievement of goals in U.S. diabetes care, 1999-2010[J]. N Engl J Med, 2013, 368(17): 1613-1624. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMsa1213829.
9. Chew EY, Klein ML, Ferris FL, et al. Association of elevated serum lipid levels with retinal hard exudate in diabetic retinopathy. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) Report 22[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 1996, 114(9): 1079-1084. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1996.01100140281004.
10. Miljanovic B, Glynn RJ, Nathan DM, et al. A prospective study of serum lipids and risk of diabetic macular edema in type 1 diabetes[J]. Diabetes, 2004, 53(11): 2883-2892. DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.53.11.2883.
11. Romero P, Salvat M, Fernandez J, et al. Renal and retinal microangiopathy after 15 years of follow-up study in a sample of type 1 diabetes mellitus patients[J]. J Diabetes Complications, 2007, 21(2): 93-100. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2006.04.001.
12. Lyons TJ, Jenkins AJ, Zheng D, et al. Diabetic retinopathy and serum lipoprotein subclasses in the DCCT/EDIC cohort[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2004, 45(3): 910-918. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.02-0648.
13. Davis MD, Fisher MR, Gangnon RE, et al. Risk factors for high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy and severe visual loss: Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Report 18[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 1998, 39(2): 233-252.
14. Klein BE, Myers CE, Howard KP, et al. Serum lipids and proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular edema in persons with long-term type 1 diabetes mellitus: The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy[J]. JAMA Ophthalmol, 2015, 133(5): 503-510. DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2014.5108.
15. Cohen RA, Hennekens CH, Christen WG, et al. Determinants of retinopathy progression in type 1 diabetes mellitus[J]. Am J Med, 1999, 107(1): 45-51. DOI: 10.1016/S0002-9343(99)00165-5.
16. 韩昌婧, 郑志.血脂紊乱与糖尿病视网膜病变相关性研究现状与进展[J]. 中华眼底病杂志, 2016, 32(2): 210-212. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2016.02.025.Han CJ, Zheng Z. The status and progress of relationship between dyslipidemia and diabetic retinopathy[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2016, 32(2): 210-212. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2016.02.025.
17. Kim J, Ahn JH, Kim JH, et al. Fenofibrate regulates retinal endothelial cell survival through the AMPK signal transduction pathway[J]. Exp Eye Res, 2007, 84(5): 886-893. DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2007.01.009.
18. Miranda S, Gonzalez-Rodriguez A, Garcia-Ramirez M, et al. Beneficial effects of fenofibrate in retinal pigment epithelium by the modulation of stress and survival signaling under diabetic conditions[J]. J Cell Physiol, 2012, 227(6): 2352-2362. DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22970.
19. Trudeau K, Roy S, Guo W, et al. Fenofibric acid reduces fibronectin and collagen type Ⅳ overexpression in human retinal pigment epithelial cells grown in conditions mimicking the diabetic milieu: functional implications in retinal permeability[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2011, 52(9): 6348-6354. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-7282.
20. Roy S, Kim D, Hernandez C, et al. Beneficial effects of fenofibric acid on overexpression of extracellular matrix components, COX-2, and impairment of endothelial permeability associated with diabetic retinopathy[J]. Exp Eye Res, 2015, 140: 124-129. DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.08.010.
21. Villarroel M, Garcia-Ramirez M, Corraliza L, et al. Fenofibric acid prevents retinal pigment epithelium disruption induced by interleukin-1beta by suppressing AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation[J]. Diabetologia, 2011, 54(6): 1543-1553. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2089-5.
22. Omae T, Nagaoka T, Tanano I, et al. Fenofibrate, an anti-dyslipidemia drug, elicits the dilation of isolated porcine retinal arterioles: role of nitric oxide and AMP-activated protein kinase[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2012, 53(6): 2880-2886. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-8841.
23. Geng Q, Ren J, Chen H, et al. Adverse events following statin–fenofibrate therapy versus statin alone: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 2013, 40(3): 219-226. DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12053.
24. Hata Y, Miura M, Asato R, et al. Antiangiogenic mechanisms of simvastatin in retinal endothelial cells[J]. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2010, 248(5): 667-673. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-009-1282-4.
25. Dorecka M, Francuz T, Garczorz W, et al. The influence of elastin degradation products, glucose and atorvastatin on metalloproteinase-1, -2, -9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, -2, -3 expression in human retinal pigment epithelial cells[J]. Acta Biochim Pol, 2014, 61(2): 265-270.
26. Al-Shabrawey M, Bartoli M, El-Remessy AB, et al. Role of NADPH oxidase and Stat3 in statin-mediated protection against diabetic retinopathy[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2008, 49(7): 3231-3238. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.08-1754.
27. Fernandes R, Bento CF, Matafome P, et al. Atorvastatin-mediated protection of the retina in a model of diabetes with hyperlipidemia[J]. Can J Physiol Pharmacol, 2014, 92(12): 1037-1043. DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0212.
28. Li J, Wang JJ, Yu Q, et al. Inhibition of reactive oxygen species by lovastatin downregulates vascular endothelial growth factor expression and ameliorates blood-retinal barrier breakdown in db/db mice: role of NADPH oxidase 4[J]. Diabetes, 2010, 59(6): 1528-1538. DOI: 10.2337/db09-1057.
29. Miyahara S, Kiryu J, Yamashiro K, et al. Simvastatin inhibits leukocyte accumulation and vascular permeability in the retinas of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes[J]. Am J Pathol, 2004, 164(5): 1697-1706. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63728-5.
30. Nagaoka T, Hein TW, Yoshida A, et al. Simvastatin elicits dilation of isolated porcine retinal arterioles: role of nitric oxide and mevalonate-rho kinase pathways[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2007, 48(2): 825-832. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.06-0856.
31. Nielsen SF, Nordestgaard BG. Statin use before diabetes diagnosis and risk of microvascular disease: a nationwide nested matched study[J]. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2014, 2(11): 894-900. DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(14)70173-1.
32. Zhang J, McGwin G Jr.Association of statin use with the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 2007, 125(8): 1096-1099. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.125.8.1096.
33. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group.Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38[J]. BMJ, 1998, 317(7160): 703-713. DOI: dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.317.7160.703.
34. Chew EY, Ambrosius WT, Davis MD, et al. Effects of medical therapies on retinopathy progression in type 2 diabetes[J]. N Engl J Med, 2010, 363(3): 233-244. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1001288.
35. Chaturvedi N, Porta M, Klein R, et al. Effect of candesartan on prevention (DIRECT-Prevent 1) and progression (DIRECT-Protect 1) of retinopathy in type 1 diabetes: randomised, placebo-controlled trials[J]. Lancet, 2008, 372(9647): 1394-1402. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61412-9.
36. Kotlarsky P, Bolotin A, Dorfman K, et al. Link between retinopathy and nephropathy caused by complications of diabetes mellitus type 2[J]. Int Ophthalmol, 2015, 35(1): 59-66. DOI: 10.1007/s10792-014-0018-6.
37. 廖丁莹, 吕莎莎, 郑玉萍, 等.Ⅱ型糖尿病尿蛋白含量与黄斑区视网膜厚度的相关性研究[J]. 中国实用眼科杂志, 2016, 34(9): 936-940. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1006-4443.2016.09.006.Liao DY, Lyu SS, Zheng YP, et al. Correlation between the urinary protein content and the macular retinal thickness in cases with type Ⅱ diabetes[J]. Chin J Pract Ophthalmol, 2016, 34(9): 936-940. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1006-4443.2016.09.006.
38. Parving HH, Mogensen CE, Thomas MC, et al. Poor prognosis in proteinuric type 2 diabetic patients with retinopathy: insights from the RENAAL study[J]. QJM, 2005, 98(2): 119-126. DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hci017.
39. Nazir N, Siddiqui K, Alqasim S, et al. Meta-analysis of diabetic nephropathy associated genetic variants in inflammation and angiogenesis involved in different biochemical pathways[J]. BMC Medical Genetics, 2014, 15(1): 103. DOI: 10.1186/s12881-014-0103-8.
40. Kim JH, Shin HD, Park BL, et al. SLC12A3 (solute carrier family 12 member [sodium/chloride] 3) polymorphisms are associated with end-stage renal disease in diabetic nephropathy[J]. Diabetes, 2006, 55(3): 843-848. DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.55.03.06.db05-1013.
41. Grassi MA, Tikhomirov A, Ramalingam S, et al. Genome-wide meta-analysis for severe diabetic retinopathy[J]. Hum Mol Genet, 2011, 20(12): 2472-2481. DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr121.
42. Mooyaart AL, Valk EJ, van Es LA, et al. Genetic associations in diabetic nephropathy: a meta-analysis[J]. Diabetologia, 2011, 18(3): 197-200. DOI:.
43. Kuo JZ, Wong TY, Rotter JI.Challenges in elucidating the genetics of diabetic retinopathy[J]. JAMA Ophthalmol, 2014, 132(1): 96-107. DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.5024.
44. DCCT/EDIC Research Group, Aiello LP, Sun W, et al. Intensive diabetes therapy and ocular surgery in type 1 diabetes[J]. N Engl J Med, 2015, 372(18): 1722-1733. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1409463.
45. White NH, Sun W, Cleary PA, et al. Prolonged effect of intensive therapy on the risk of retinopathy complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: 10 years after the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 2008, 126(12): 1707-1715. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.126.12.1707.
46. 赵姝芝, 李涛, 郑冰清, 等.糖尿病视网膜病变相关" 代谢记忆”的研究进展[J]. 中华眼底病杂志, 2013, 29(1): 103-106. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2013.01.031.Zhao SZ, Li T, Zheng BQ, et al. The progress in the research of" metabolic memory” of diabetic retinopathy [J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2013, 29(1): 103-106. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2013.01.031.
47. Keech AC, Mitchell P, Summanen PA, et al. Effect of fenofibrate on the need for laser treatment for diabetic retinopathy (FIELD study): a randomised controlled trial[J]. Lancet, 2007, 370(9600): 1687-1697. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61607-9.
48. Massin P, Peto T, Ansquer JC, et al. Effects of fenofibric acid on diabetic macular edema: the MacuFen study[J]. Ophthalmic Epidemiol, 2014, 21(5): 307-317. DOI: 10.3109/09286586.2014.949783.
49. Colhoun HM, Betteridge DJ, Durrington PN, et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial[J]. Lancet, 2004, 364(9435): 685-696. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(04)16895-5.
50. Collins R, Armitage J, Parish S, et al. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial[J]. Lancet, 2003, 361(9374): 2005-2016. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13636-7.
51. 贾爱华, 王荣, 刘新艳, 等.尿微量白蛋白与糖尿病视网膜病变相关性分析[J]. 吉林医学, 2013, 34(4): 652-653. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-0412.2013.04.027.Jia AH, Wang R, Liu XY, et al. The association of urinary microalbumin and diabetic retinopathy [J]. Jilin Medicine, 2013, 34(4): 652-653. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-0412.2013.04.027.
52. Kameda Y, Babazono T, Haruyama K, et al. Renal function following fluorescein angiography in diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease[J]. Diabetes Care, 2009, 32(3): 31. DOI: 10.2337/dc08-1692.
53. 广东省眼底病影像诊疗中心, 广东省中西医结合学会眼科专业委员会.广东省荧光素眼底血管造影操作技术规范专家共识(2015年)[J]. 广东医学, 2016, 37(12): 1789-1791. DOI: 10.13820/j.cnki.gdyx.2016.12.002.Guangdong Retinal Disease Diagnosis And Treatment Center, Guangdong Association Of Integrative Medicine Ophthalmology Professional Committee. Expert consensus on the technical specification of fluorescein fundus angiography in Guangdong (2015)[J]. Guangdong Medical Journal, 2016, 37(12): 1789-1791. DOI: 10.13820/j.cnki.gdyx.2016.12.002.
54. Schroner Z, Lazurova I, Petrovicova J.Autoimmune thyroid diseases in patients with diabetes mellitus[J]. Bratisl Lek Listy, 2008, 109(3): 125-129. DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2011.06.006.
55. Chubb SA, Davis WA, Inman Z, et al. Prevalence and progression of subclinical hypothyroidism in women with type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study[J]. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 2005, 62(4): 480-486. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2005.02246.x.
56. Matsuda S, Tam T, Singh RP, et al. The impact of metabolic parameters on clinical response to VEGF inhibitors for diabetic macular edema[J]. J Diabetes Complications, 2014, 28(2): 166-170. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2013.11.009.
57. Ozturk BT, Kerimoglu H, Adam M, et al. Glucose regulation influences treatment outcome in ranibizumab treatment for diabetic macular edema[J]. J Diabetes Complications, 2011, 25(5): 298-302. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2010.09.006.
58. 李岩, 刘佳, 齐朋承, 等.增生性糖尿病视网膜病变患者围手术期血糖特点及影响因素分析[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志, 2014, 32(3): 262-265. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-0160.2014.03.016.Li Y, Liu J, Qi PC, et al. Influential factors of blood glucose during perioperative period for patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy [J]. Chin J Exp Ophthalmol, 2014, 32(3): 262-265. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-0160.2014.03.016.
59. 于茜, 陈少军, 黄小勇, 等.玻璃体切除联合硅油填充术治疗糖尿病视网膜病变的愈后及并发症分析[J]. 第三军医大学学报, 2015, 37(20): 2076-2079. DOI: 10.16016/j.1000-5404.201503012.Yu Q, Chen SJ, Huang XY, et al. Prognosis and complications for vitrectomy combined with intraocular silicone oil tamponade on diabetic retinopathy: report of 98 eyes [J]. Journal of Third Military Medical University, 2015, 37(20): 2076-2079. DOI: 10.16016/j.1000-5404.201503012.
60. 孙哲, 廖昕, 谢春蕾, 等.围手术期血压波动与增生性糖尿病视网膜病玻璃体切除术后再出血的关系[J]. 临床眼科杂志, 2015, 23(6): 511-514. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8422.2015.06.009.Sun Z, Liao X, Xie CL, et al. The relationship between perioperative blood pressure fluctuations and vitreous re-hemorrhage in proliferative diabetic retinopathy after vitrectomy [J]. Journal of Clinical ophthalmology, 2015, 23(6): 511-514. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8422.2015.06.009.
61. Tuuminen R, Sahanne S, Loukovaara S.Low intravitreal angiopoietin-2 and VEGF levels in vitrectomized diabetic patients with simvastatin treatment[J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2014, 92(7): 675-681. DOI: 10.1111/aos.12363.
62. Tuuminen R, Sahanne S, Haukka J, et al. Improved outcome after primary vitrectomy in diabetic patients treated with statins[J]. Eur J Ophthalmol, 2016, 26(2): 174-181. DOI: 10.5301/ejo.5000657.
63. Fabinyi DC, O'Neill EC, Connell PP, et al. Vitreous cavity haemorrhage post-vitrectomy for diabetic eye disease: the effect of perioperative anticoagulation and antiplatelet agents[J]. Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2011, 39(9): 878-884. DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2011.02575.x.
64. Brown JS, Mahmoud TH.Anticoagulation and clinically significant postoperative vitreous hemorrhage in diabetic vitrectomy[J]. Retina, 2011, 31(10): 1983-1987. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e31821800cd.
65. Claire EF, Donald J, D'Amico.Diabetic retinopathy: prevention and treatment[EB/OL].[2016-9-28]. .

Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Multidisciplinary approach in the management of diabetic retinopathy

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Previous Article

Next Article

Format

Content