Distribution of choroidal thickness and its influencing factors in undergraduate students of Tianjin Medical University_Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Authors：

Jin Nan , Shi Xueying , Zhang Hongmei , Liu Guihua , Zhao Lu , Lu Daqian ,  Wei Ruihua

Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, Tianjin Medical University School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin 300384, China;

Corresponding author：

Wei Ruihua, Email: rwei@tmu.edu.cn

Keywords：

Macula/physiology; Choroidal thickness; Refractive error; Optical coherence tomography; Influence factors

DOI：

10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2018.04.011

Video：

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ObjectiveTo explore the distribution of choroidal thickness and its influence factors in university students.MethodsA cross-sectional study. A total of 896 eyes of 896 college students were included in the study. Among them, there were 350 males (350 eyes) and 546 females (546 eyes). All the eyes were right eyes. The average age was 19.18 ± 1.36 years old. According to the spherical equivalent refraction (SER), the eyes were divided into non-myopia group, low myopia group, moderate myopia group and high myopia group, which were 59, 251, 356 and 230 eyes, respectively. The subfoveal ChT (SFCT) was measured using a swept-frequency source optical coherence tomography scanner. According to the ETDRS, the choroid within 6 mm of the fovea was divided into three concentric circles centered on the fovea of the macula, which were the central area with a diameter of 1 mm, the inner ring area of 1-3 mm and the outer ring area of 3-6 mm. The outer ring area of 3-6 mm has a total of 9 zones. The inner ring and outer ring 4 regions were superior, inferior, nasal and temporal, respectively. The distribution characteristics of ChT in different regions, genders and diopter groups were observed. Bivariate correlation analysis were used to analyze the correlation of ChT and SER, axial length (AL).ResultsThe average SFCT of 896 eyes was 221.28±67.35 μm. The mean SFCT of males and females were 227.20±69.38 and 217.50±65.80 μm, respectively. The difference of SFCT between different genders was statistically significant (t=2.075, P=0.038). Compared with the central region ChT, there was no significant difference in ChT between the outer ring and the outer region (t=0.086, P=0.932). The difference of ChT in other regions was statistically significant (t=-21.973, -5.818, 36.328, -3.065, -18.017, -10.595, 57.007; P＜0.001, ＜0.001, ＜0.001, ＜0.002, ＜0.001, ＜0.001, ＜0.001). In the horizontal direction, ChT gradually thickens from nasal to temporal (F=2 251.558, P＜0.001); in the vertical direction, ChT gradually decreases from superior to the central, but have a little increased from central to inner inferior, then decreased to outer inferior again (F=45.425, P＜0.05). Correlation analysis showed that SFCT was negatively correlated with AL (r=0.478, P＜0.01) and a negative correlation with axial length (r=−0.395, P＜0.01), and positively correlated with SER (r=0.478, P＜0.01). SFCT decreased by 12.29 μm for every in myopic refractive error of 1 D, or by 20.14 μm for every increase in AL of 1 mm.ConclusionsChT is changed by different location. The horizontal direction is gradually thickened from nasal to temporal. The vertical direction is thicker than the center. The inferior inner ring area is thicker than the outer ring area. Gender, SER and AL are the influencing factors of SFCT.

Citation： Jin Nan, Shi Xueying, Zhang Hongmei, Liu Guihua, Zhao Lu, Lu Daqian, Wei Ruihua. Distribution of choroidal thickness and its influencing factors in undergraduate students of Tianjin Medical University. Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 2018, 34(4): 363-367. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2018.04.011 Copy

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11.	Lee GY, Yu S, Kang HG, et al. Choroidal thickness variation according to refractive error measured by spectral domain-optical coherence tomography in Korean children[J]. Korean J Ophthalmol, 2017, 31(2): 151-158. DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2017.31.2.151.
12.	He X, Jin P, Zou H, et al. Choroidal thickness in healthy chinese children aged 6 to 12: the Shanghai children eye study[J]. Retina, 2017, 37(2): 368-375. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001168.
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14.	Park KA, Oh SY. Choroidal thickness in healthy children[J]. Retina 2013, 33(9): 1971-1976. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e3182923477.
15.	Nagasawa T, Mitamura Y, Katome T, et al. Macular choroidal thickness and volume in healthy pediatric individuals measured by swept-source optical coherence tomography[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2013, 54(10): 7068-7074. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-12350.
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19.	曾婧, 丁小燕, 李加青, 等.中国人黄斑区脉络膜厚度值及其影响因素分析[J]. 中华眼底病杂志, 2011, 27(5): 450-453.Zeng J, Ding XY, Li JQ, et al. Choroidal thickness of Chinese population and its relevant factors[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2011, 27(5): 450-453. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2011.05.011.
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21.	Li XQ, Jeppesen P, Larsen M, et al. Subfoveal choroidal thickness in 1323 children aged 11 to 12 years and association with puberty: the Copenhagen Child Cohort 2000 Eye Study[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2014, 55(1): 550-555. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-13476.
22.	Flores-Moreno I, Lugo F, Duker JS, et al. The relationship between axial length and choroidal thickness in eyes with high myopia[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2013, 155(2): 314-319. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2012.07.015.

1. Grossniklaus HE, Green WR. Choroidal neovascularization[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2004, 137 (3): 496-503. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2003.09.042.
2. Gomi F, Tano Y. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and treatments[J]. Curr Opin Ophthalmol, 2008, 19(3): 208-212. DOI: 10.1097/ICU.0b013e3282fb7c33.
3. Spaide RF, Hall L, Haas A, et al. Indocyanine green videoangiography of older patients with central serous chorioretinopathy[J]. Retina, 1996, 16(3): 203-213.
4. Summers JA. The choroid as a sclera growth regulator[J]. Exp Eye Res, 2013, 114(9): 120-127. DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.03.008.
5. Zhang JM, Wu JF, Chen JH, et al. Macular choroidal thickness in children: the Shandong children eye study[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2015, 56(13): 7646-7652. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17137.
6. Xiong S, He X, Deng J, et al. Choroidal thickness in 3001 chinese children aged 6 to 19 years using swept-source OCT[J/OL]. Sci Rep, 2017,7:45059[2017-03-27]. https://www.nature.com/articles/srep45059.pdf. DOI: 10.1038/srep45059.
7. Wei WB, Xu L, Jonas JB, et al. Subfoveal choroidal thickness. the Beijing Eye Study[J]. Ophthalmology, 2013, 120(1): 175-180. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.07.048.
8. 戚沆, 陈长征, 翁铭, 等.成年高度近视患者脉络膜厚度及其相关影响因素分析[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志, 2014, 32(5): 439-442.Qi H, Chen CZ, Weng M, et al. Change of choridal thickness and its influence factors in adult high myopic patients[J]. Chin J Exp Ophthalmol, 2014, 32(5): 439-442. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-0160.2014.05.012.
9. Sun J, Zhou J, Zhao P, et al. High prevalence of myopia and high myopia in 5060 Chinese university students in Shanghai[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2012, 53(12): 7504-7509. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-8343.
10. Ding X, Li J, Zeng J, et al. Choroidal thickness in healthy Chinese subjects[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2011, 52(13): 9555-9560. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-8076.
11. Lee GY, Yu S, Kang HG, et al. Choroidal thickness variation according to refractive error measured by spectral domain-optical coherence tomography in Korean children[J]. Korean J Ophthalmol, 2017, 31(2): 151-158. DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2017.31.2.151.
12. He X, Jin P, Zou H, et al. Choroidal thickness in healthy chinese children aged 6 to 12: the Shanghai children eye study[J]. Retina, 2017, 37(2): 368-375. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001168.
13. Ruiz-Moreno JM, Flores-Moreno I, Lugo F, et al. Macular choroidal thickness in normal pediatric population measured by swept-source optical coherence tomography[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2013, 54(1): 353-359. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-10863.
14. Park KA, Oh SY. Choroidal thickness in healthy children[J]. Retina 2013, 33(9): 1971-1976. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e3182923477.
15. Nagasawa T, Mitamura Y, Katome T, et al. Macular choroidal thickness and volume in healthy pediatric individuals measured by swept-source optical coherence tomography[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2013, 54(10): 7068-7074. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-12350.
16. Read SA, Collins MJ, Vincent SJ, et al. Choroidal thickness in childhood[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2013, 54(5): 3586-3593. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-11732.
17. Read SA, Collins MJ, Vincent SJ, et al. Choroidal thickness in myopic and nonmyopic children assessed with enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2013, 54(12): 7578-7586. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-12772.
18. Ikuno Y, Kawaguchi K, Nouchi T, et al. Choroidal thickness in healthy Japanese subjects[J]. Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2010, 51(4): 2173-2176. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.09-4383.
19. 曾婧, 丁小燕, 李加青, 等.中国人黄斑区脉络膜厚度值及其影响因素分析[J]. 中华眼底病杂志, 2011, 27(5): 450-453.Zeng J, Ding XY, Li JQ, et al. Choroidal thickness of Chinese population and its relevant factors[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2011, 27(5): 450-453. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2011.05.011.
20. Li XQ, Larsen M, Munch IC. Subfoveal choroidal thickness in relation to sex and axial length in 93 Danish university students[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2011, 52(11): 8438-8441. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-8108.
21. Li XQ, Jeppesen P, Larsen M, et al. Subfoveal choroidal thickness in 1323 children aged 11 to 12 years and association with puberty: the Copenhagen Child Cohort 2000 Eye Study[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2014, 55(1): 550-555. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-13476.
22. Flores-Moreno I, Lugo F, Duker JS, et al. The relationship between axial length and choroidal thickness in eyes with high myopia[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2013, 155(2): 314-319. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2012.07.015.

Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Distribution of choroidal thickness and its influencing factors in undergraduate students of Tianjin Medical University

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