Application Progress of <sup>18</sup>F-FDG Positron Emission Tomograph in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer_Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Authors：

HUANGRui ,  KUANGAnren

Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;

Corresponding author：

KUANGAnren, Email: kuanganren@263.net

Keywords：

FDG; Positron emission tomography; differentiated thyroid cancer

DOI：

10.7507/1001-5515.20140082

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a highly sensitive and low invasive technology for cancer biological imaging. Integrated PET/computed tomography (PET/CT) cameras combine functional and anatomical information in a synergistic manner that improves diagnostic interpretation. The role of ¹⁸F FDG PET/CT in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is well established, particularly in patients presenting with elevated thyroglobulin (Tg) levels and negative radioactive iodine scan. This review presents the evidence supporting the use of ¹⁸F FDG PET/CT throughout the diagnosis and management of thyroid cancer, and provides suggestions for its clinical uses.

Citation： HUANGRui, KUANGAnren. Application Progress of ¹⁸F-FDG Positron Emission Tomograph in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2014, 31(2): 445-451. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.20140082 Copy

1.	SOELBERG K K,BONNEMA S J,BRIX T H,et al.Risk of malignancy in thyroid incidentalomas detected by ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography:a systematic review[J].Thyroid,2012,22(9):918-925.
2.	CHOI W H,CHUNG Y A,HAN E J,et al.Clinical value of integrated[¹⁸F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the preoperative assessment of papillary thyroid carcinoma:comparison with sonography[J].J Ultrasound Med,2011,30(9):1267-1273.
3.	SEO Y L,YOON D Y,BAEK S,et al.Detection of neck recurrence in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer:comparison of ultrasound,contrast-enhanced CT and (18) F-FDG PET/CT using surgical pathology as a reference standard:(ultrasound vs.CT vs.(18) F-FDG pet/CT in recurrent thyroid cancer)[J].Eur Radiol,2012,22(10):2246-2254.
4.	KIM B S,KIM S J,KIM I J,et al.Factors associated with positive F-18 flurodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography before thyroidectomy in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma[J].Thyroid,2012,22(7):725-729.
5.	American Thyroid Association (ATA) Guidelines Taskforce on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer;COOPER D S,DOHERTY G M,HAUGEN B R,et al.Revised American Thyroid Association management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer[J].Thyroid,2009,19(11):1167-1214.
6.	BOGSRUD T V,KARANTANIS D,NATHAN M A,et al.¹⁸F-FDG PET in the management of patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma[J].Thyroid,2008,18(7):713-719.
7.	BERTAGNA F,BIASIOTTO G,ORLANDO E,et al.Role of ⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in patients affected by differentiated thyroid carcinoma,high thyroglobulin level,and negative ¹³¹I scan:review of the literature[J].Jpn J Radiol,2010,28(9):629-636.
8.	HO SHON I,DEPCYNZSKI B,LIN M,et al.Positron emission tomography in non-medullary thyroid cancer[J].ANZ J Surg,2011,81(3):116-124.
9.	MOSCI C,IAGARU A.PET/CT imaging of thyroid cancer[J].Clin Nucl Med,2011,36(12):e180-e185.
10.	PICCARDO A,FOPPIANI L,MORBELLI S,et al.Could [18] F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT change the therapeutic management of stage Ⅳ thyroid cancer with positive (131) I whole body scan?[J].Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging,2011,55(1):57-65.
11.	ROSENBAUM-KRUMME S J,GÖRGES R,BOCKISCH A,et al.¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT changes therapy management in high-risk DTC after first radioiodine therapy[J].Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging,2012,39(9):1373-1380.
12.	GRVNWALD F,KÜLICKE T,FEINE U,et al.Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in thyroid cancer:results of a multicentre study[J].Eur J Nucl med,1999,26(12):1547-1552.
13.	VURAL G U,AKKAS B E,ERCAKMAK N,et al.Prognostic significance of FDG PET/CT on the follow-up of patients of differentiated thyroid carcinoma with negative ¹³¹I whole-body scan and elevated thyroglobulin levels:correlation with clinical and histopathologic characteristics and long-term follow[J].Clin Nucl Med,2012,37(10):953-959.
14.	NA S J,YOO IE R,O J H,et al.Diagnostic accuracy of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in differentiated thyroid cancer patients with elevated thyroglobulin and negative ¹³¹I whole body scan:evaluation by thyroglobulin level[J].Ann Nucl Med,2012,26(1):26-34.
15.	BERTAGNA F,BOSIO G,BIASIOTTO G,et al.F-18 FDG-PET/CT evaluation of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer with negative I-131 total body scan and high thyroglobulin level[J].Clin Nucl Med,2009,34(11):756-761.
16.	BANNAS P,DERLIN T,GROTH M,et al.Can (18) F-FDG-PET/CT be generally recommended in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma and elevated thyroglobulin levels but negative I-131 whole body scan?[J].Ann Nucl Med,2012,26(1):77-85.
17.	PRESTWICH R J,VINER S,GERRARD G,et al.Increasing the yield of recombinant thyroid-stimulating hormone-stimulated 2-(18-fluoride)-flu-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography-CT in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma[J].Br J Radiol,2012,85(1018):e805-e813.
18.	GIOVANELLA L,CERIANI L,DE PALMA D,et al.Relationship between serum thyroglobulin and ¹⁸FDG-PET/CT in ¹³¹I-negative differentiated thyroid carcinomas[J].Head Neck,2012,34(5):626-631.
19.	MA C,XIE J,LOU Y,et al.The role of TSH for ¹⁸F-FDG-pet in the diagnosis of recurrence and metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma with elevated thyroglobulin and negative scan:a meta-analysis[J].Eur J Endocrinol,2010,163(2):177-183.
20.	WANG W,MACAPINLAC H,LARSON S M,et al.[¹⁸F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography localizes residual thyroid cancer in patients with negative diagnostic (131) I whole body scans and elevated serum thyroglobulin levels[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab,1999,84(7):2291-2302.
21.	IAGARU A,KALINYAK J E,MCDOUGALL I R.F-18 FDG PET/CT in the management of thyroid cancer[J].Clin Nucl Med,2007;32(9):690-695.
22.	LEBOULLEUX S,SCHROEDER P R,BUSAIDY N L,et al.Assessment of the incremental value of recombinant thyrotropin stimulation before 2-[¹⁸F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging to localize residual differentiated thyroid cancer[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2009,94(4):1310-1316.
23.	SEO J H,LEE S W,AHN B C,et al.Recurrence detection in differentiated thyroid cancer patients with elevated serum level of antithyroglobulin antibody:special emphasis on using (18) F-FDG PET/CT[J].Clin Endocrinol (Oxf),2010,72(4):558-563.
24.	BOGSRUD T V,HAY I D,KARANTANIS D,et al.Prognostic value of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma and circulating antithyroglobulin autoantibodies[J].Nucl Med Commun,2011,32(4):245-251.
25.	KINGPETCH K,PIPATRATTANA R,TEPMONGKOL S,et al.Utility of 8F-FDG PET/CT in well differentiated thyroid carcinoma with high serum antithyroglobulin antibody[J].J Med Assoc Thai,2011;94(10):1238-1244.
26.	OZKAN E,SOYDAL C,ARAZ M,et al.The additive clinical value of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in defining the recurrence of disease in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer who have isolated increased antithyroglobulin antibody levels[J].Clin Nucl Med,2012,37(8):755-758.
27.	LEBOULLEUX S,EL BEZ I,BORGET I,et al.Postradioiodine treatment whole-body scan in the era of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for differentiated thyroid carcinoma with elevated serum thyroglobulin levels[J].Thyroid,2012,22(8):832-838.
28.	ROBBINS R J,WAN Q,GREWAL R K,et al.Real-time prognosis for metastatic thyroid carcinoma based on 2-[¹⁸F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography scanning[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2006,91(2):498-505.
29.	WANG W,LARSON S M,FAZZARI M,et al.Prognostic value of[¹⁸F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomographic scanning in patients with thyroid cancer[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2000,85(3):1107-1113.
30.	CREACH K M,NUSSENBAUM B,SIEGEL B A,et al.Thyroid carcinoma uptake of (18) F-fluorodeoxyglucose in patients with elevated serum thyroglobulin and negative (131) I scintigraphy[J].Am J Otolaryngol,2013,34(1):51-56.

1. SOELBERG K K,BONNEMA S J,BRIX T H,et al.Risk of malignancy in thyroid incidentalomas detected by ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography:a systematic review[J].Thyroid,2012,22(9):918-925.
2. CHOI W H,CHUNG Y A,HAN E J,et al.Clinical value of integrated[¹⁸F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the preoperative assessment of papillary thyroid carcinoma:comparison with sonography[J].J Ultrasound Med,2011,30(9):1267-1273.
3. SEO Y L,YOON D Y,BAEK S,et al.Detection of neck recurrence in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer:comparison of ultrasound,contrast-enhanced CT and (18) F-FDG PET/CT using surgical pathology as a reference standard:(ultrasound vs.CT vs.(18) F-FDG pet/CT in recurrent thyroid cancer)[J].Eur Radiol,2012,22(10):2246-2254.
4. KIM B S,KIM S J,KIM I J,et al.Factors associated with positive F-18 flurodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography before thyroidectomy in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma[J].Thyroid,2012,22(7):725-729.
5. American Thyroid Association (ATA) Guidelines Taskforce on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer;COOPER D S,DOHERTY G M,HAUGEN B R,et al.Revised American Thyroid Association management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer[J].Thyroid,2009,19(11):1167-1214.
6. BOGSRUD T V,KARANTANIS D,NATHAN M A,et al.¹⁸F-FDG PET in the management of patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma[J].Thyroid,2008,18(7):713-719.
7. BERTAGNA F,BIASIOTTO G,ORLANDO E,et al.Role of ⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in patients affected by differentiated thyroid carcinoma,high thyroglobulin level,and negative ¹³¹I scan:review of the literature[J].Jpn J Radiol,2010,28(9):629-636.
8. HO SHON I,DEPCYNZSKI B,LIN M,et al.Positron emission tomography in non-medullary thyroid cancer[J].ANZ J Surg,2011,81(3):116-124.
9. MOSCI C,IAGARU A.PET/CT imaging of thyroid cancer[J].Clin Nucl Med,2011,36(12):e180-e185.
10. PICCARDO A,FOPPIANI L,MORBELLI S,et al.Could [18] F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT change the therapeutic management of stage Ⅳ thyroid cancer with positive (131) I whole body scan?[J].Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging,2011,55(1):57-65.
11. ROSENBAUM-KRUMME S J,GÖRGES R,BOCKISCH A,et al.¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT changes therapy management in high-risk DTC after first radioiodine therapy[J].Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging,2012,39(9):1373-1380.
12. GRVNWALD F,KÜLICKE T,FEINE U,et al.Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in thyroid cancer:results of a multicentre study[J].Eur J Nucl med,1999,26(12):1547-1552.
13. VURAL G U,AKKAS B E,ERCAKMAK N,et al.Prognostic significance of FDG PET/CT on the follow-up of patients of differentiated thyroid carcinoma with negative ¹³¹I whole-body scan and elevated thyroglobulin levels:correlation with clinical and histopathologic characteristics and long-term follow[J].Clin Nucl Med,2012,37(10):953-959.
14. NA S J,YOO IE R,O J H,et al.Diagnostic accuracy of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in differentiated thyroid cancer patients with elevated thyroglobulin and negative ¹³¹I whole body scan:evaluation by thyroglobulin level[J].Ann Nucl Med,2012,26(1):26-34.
15. BERTAGNA F,BOSIO G,BIASIOTTO G,et al.F-18 FDG-PET/CT evaluation of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer with negative I-131 total body scan and high thyroglobulin level[J].Clin Nucl Med,2009,34(11):756-761.
16. BANNAS P,DERLIN T,GROTH M,et al.Can (18) F-FDG-PET/CT be generally recommended in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma and elevated thyroglobulin levels but negative I-131 whole body scan?[J].Ann Nucl Med,2012,26(1):77-85.
17. PRESTWICH R J,VINER S,GERRARD G,et al.Increasing the yield of recombinant thyroid-stimulating hormone-stimulated 2-(18-fluoride)-flu-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography-CT in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma[J].Br J Radiol,2012,85(1018):e805-e813.
18. GIOVANELLA L,CERIANI L,DE PALMA D,et al.Relationship between serum thyroglobulin and ¹⁸FDG-PET/CT in ¹³¹I-negative differentiated thyroid carcinomas[J].Head Neck,2012,34(5):626-631.
19. MA C,XIE J,LOU Y,et al.The role of TSH for ¹⁸F-FDG-pet in the diagnosis of recurrence and metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma with elevated thyroglobulin and negative scan:a meta-analysis[J].Eur J Endocrinol,2010,163(2):177-183.
20. WANG W,MACAPINLAC H,LARSON S M,et al.[¹⁸F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography localizes residual thyroid cancer in patients with negative diagnostic (131) I whole body scans and elevated serum thyroglobulin levels[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab,1999,84(7):2291-2302.
21. IAGARU A,KALINYAK J E,MCDOUGALL I R.F-18 FDG PET/CT in the management of thyroid cancer[J].Clin Nucl Med,2007;32(9):690-695.
22. LEBOULLEUX S,SCHROEDER P R,BUSAIDY N L,et al.Assessment of the incremental value of recombinant thyrotropin stimulation before 2-[¹⁸F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging to localize residual differentiated thyroid cancer[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2009,94(4):1310-1316.
23. SEO J H,LEE S W,AHN B C,et al.Recurrence detection in differentiated thyroid cancer patients with elevated serum level of antithyroglobulin antibody:special emphasis on using (18) F-FDG PET/CT[J].Clin Endocrinol (Oxf),2010,72(4):558-563.
24. BOGSRUD T V,HAY I D,KARANTANIS D,et al.Prognostic value of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma and circulating antithyroglobulin autoantibodies[J].Nucl Med Commun,2011,32(4):245-251.
25. KINGPETCH K,PIPATRATTANA R,TEPMONGKOL S,et al.Utility of 8F-FDG PET/CT in well differentiated thyroid carcinoma with high serum antithyroglobulin antibody[J].J Med Assoc Thai,2011;94(10):1238-1244.
26. OZKAN E,SOYDAL C,ARAZ M,et al.The additive clinical value of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in defining the recurrence of disease in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer who have isolated increased antithyroglobulin antibody levels[J].Clin Nucl Med,2012,37(8):755-758.
27. LEBOULLEUX S,EL BEZ I,BORGET I,et al.Postradioiodine treatment whole-body scan in the era of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for differentiated thyroid carcinoma with elevated serum thyroglobulin levels[J].Thyroid,2012,22(8):832-838.
28. ROBBINS R J,WAN Q,GREWAL R K,et al.Real-time prognosis for metastatic thyroid carcinoma based on 2-[¹⁸F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography scanning[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2006,91(2):498-505.
29. WANG W,LARSON S M,FAZZARI M,et al.Prognostic value of[¹⁸F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomographic scanning in patients with thyroid cancer[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2000,85(3):1107-1113.
30. CREACH K M,NUSSENBAUM B,SIEGEL B A,et al.Thyroid carcinoma uptake of (18) F-fluorodeoxyglucose in patients with elevated serum thyroglobulin and negative (131) I scintigraphy[J].Am J Otolaryngol,2013,34(1):51-56.

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Application Progress of ¹⁸F-FDG Positron Emission Tomograph in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer