Advances in Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Liver Fibrosis_Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Authors：

LIHang , CHENXiaoli ,  CHENTianwu

Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China;

Corresponding author：

CHENTianwu, Email: chentw@aliyun.com

Keywords：

liver fibrosis; diagnosis; stage; functional magnetic resonance imaging

DOI：

10.7507/1001-5515.20140223

Video：

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Early diagnosis and accurate stage of liver fibrosis are important for conducting the clinic therapy and assessing the therapeutic outcome. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), as a noninvasive and effective method, plays an important role in diagnosis and stage of liver fibrosis. This review focuses on the advances in fMRI evaluation of liver fibrosis.

Citation： LIHang, CHENXiaoli, CHENTianwu. Advances in Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Liver Fibrosis. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2014, 31(5): 1178-1181,1186. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.20140223 Copy

1.	LEE U E, FRIEDMAN S L. Mechanisms of hepatic fibrogenesis[J]. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol, 2011, 25(2): 195-206.
2.	HERNANDEZ-GEA V, FRIEDMAN S L. Pathogenesis of liver fibrosis[J]. Annu Rev Pathol, 2011, 6: 425-456.
3.	MARTÍNEZ S M, CRESPO G, NAVASA M, et al. Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis[J]. Hepatology, 2011, 53(1): 325-335.
4.	WU S D, WANG J Y, LI L. Staging of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients with a composite predictive model: a comparative study[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2010, 16(4): 501-507.
5.	ATTALLAH A M, ABDALLAH S O, ATTALLAH A A, et al. Diagnostic value of fibronectin discriminant score for predicting liver fibrosis stages in chronic hepatitis C virus patients[J]. Ann Hepatol, 2013, 12(1): 44-53.
6.	SANDRASEGARAN K, AKISIK F M, LIN C, et al. Value of diffusion-weighted MRI for assessing liver fibrosis and cirrhosis[J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2009, 193(6): 1556-1560.
7.	CASTERA L. Noninvasive methods to assess liver disease in patients with hepatitis B or C[J]. Gastroenterology, 2012, 142(6): 1293-1302.
8.	MYERS R P, ELKASHAB M, MA M, et al. Transient elastography for the noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis: a multicentre Canadian study[J]. Can J Gastroenterol, 2010, 24(11): 661-670.
9.	刘曦娇,宋彬.MRI技术评价肝脏纤维化的应用进展[J].中国普外基础与临床杂志,2010,17(3):298-301.
10.	LADERO J M. Noninvasive evaluation of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C[J]. Hepat Mon, 2011, 11(9): 698-700.
11.	BAKAN A A, INCI E, BAKAN S, et al. Utility of diffusion-weighted imaging in the evaluation of liver fibrosis[J]. Eur Radiol, 2012, 22(3): 682-687.
12.	BONEKAMP S, TORBENSON M S, KAMEL I R. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for the staging of liver fibrosis[J]. J Clin Gastroenterol, 2011, 45(10): 885-892.
13.	LI H, CHEN T W, CHEN X L, et al. Magnetic resonance-based total liver volume and magnetic resonance-diffusion weighted imaging for staging liver fibrosis in mini-pigs[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2012, 18(48): 7225-7233.
14.	DO R K, CHANDARANA H, FELKER E, et al. Diagnosis of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis with diffusion-weighted imaging: value of normalized apparent diffusion coefficient using the spleen as reference organ[J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2010, 195(3): 671-676.
15.	CHEN X L, CHEN T W, ZHANG X M, et al. Spleen magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging for quantitative staging hepatic fibrosis in miniature pigs: An initial study[J]. Hepatol Res, 2013,43(11):1231-1240.
16.	VENKATESH S K, YIN M, EHMAN R L. Magnetic resonance elastography of liver: technique, analysis, and clinical applications[J]. J Magn Reson Imaging, 2013, 37(3): 544-555.
17.	TALWALKAR J A, YIN M, FIDLER J L, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of hepatic fibrosis: emerging clinical applications[J]. Hepatology, 2008, 47(1): 332-342.
18.	ICHIKAWA S, MOTOSUGI U, ICHIKAWA T, et al. Magnetic resonance elastography for staging liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C[J]. Magn Reson Med Sci, 2012, 11(4): 291-297.
19.	WANG Y, GANGER D R, LEVITSKY J, et al. Assessment of chronic hepatitis and fibrosis: comparison of MR elastography and diffusion-weighted imaging[J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2011, 196(3): 553-561.
20.	GEORGOFF P, THOMASSON D, LOUIE A, et al. Hydrogen-1 MR spectroscopy for measurement and diagnosis of hepatic steatosis[J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2012, 199(1): 2-7.
21.	ORLACCHIO A, BOLACCHI F, ANGELICO M, et al. In vivo, high-field, 3-Tesla 1H MR spectroscopic assessment of liver fibrosis in HCV-correlated chronic liver disease[J]. Radiol Med, 2008, 113(2): 289-299.
22.	CHEUNG J S, FAN S J, GAO D S, et al. In vivo lipid profiling using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in an experimental liver fibrosis model[J]. Acad Radiol, 2011, 18(3): 377-383.
23.	NOREN B, DAHLQVIST O, LUNDBERG P, et al. Separation of advanced from mild fibrosis in diffuse liver disease using ³¹P magnetic resonance spectroscopy[J]. Eur J Radiol, 2008, 66(2): 313-320.
24.	HAIDER M A, FARHADI F A, MILOT L. Hepatic perfusion imaging: concepts and application[J]. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am, 2010, 18(3): 465-475.
25.	HAGIWARA M, RUSINEK H, LEE V S, et al. Advanced liver fibrosis: diagnosis with 3D whole-liver perfusion MR imaging--initial experience[J]. Radiology, 2008, 246(3): 926-934.
26.	ROSENKRANTZ A B, STOREY P, GILET A G, et al. Magnetization transfer contrast-prepared MR imaging of the liver: inability to distinguish healthy from cirrhotic liver[J]. Radiology, 2012, 262(1): 136-143.
27.	马国林,沈文,张学滨,等.肝纤维化和肝硬化磁化传递成像与血清学指标相关性研究[J].实用放射学杂志,2009,25(6):816-818.
28.	HARIS M, SINGH A, CAI K, et al. T(1ρ)MRI in Alzheimer's disease: detection of pathological changes in medial temporal lobe[J]. J Neuroimaging, 2011, 21(2): e86-e90.
29.	WANG Y X, YUAN J, CHU E S, et al. T1rho MR imaging is sensitive to evaluate liver fibrosis: an experimental study in a rat biliary duct ligation model[J]. Radiology, 2011, 259(3): 712-719.
30.	ZHAO F, WANG Y X, YUAN J, et al. MR T1ρ as an imaging biomarker for monitoring liver injury progression and regression: an experimental study in rats with carbon tetrachloride intoxication[J]. Eur Radiol, 2012, 22(8): 1709-1716.

1. LEE U E, FRIEDMAN S L. Mechanisms of hepatic fibrogenesis[J]. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol, 2011, 25(2): 195-206.
2. HERNANDEZ-GEA V, FRIEDMAN S L. Pathogenesis of liver fibrosis[J]. Annu Rev Pathol, 2011, 6: 425-456.
3. MARTÍNEZ S M, CRESPO G, NAVASA M, et al. Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis[J]. Hepatology, 2011, 53(1): 325-335.
4. WU S D, WANG J Y, LI L. Staging of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients with a composite predictive model: a comparative study[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2010, 16(4): 501-507.
5. ATTALLAH A M, ABDALLAH S O, ATTALLAH A A, et al. Diagnostic value of fibronectin discriminant score for predicting liver fibrosis stages in chronic hepatitis C virus patients[J]. Ann Hepatol, 2013, 12(1): 44-53.
6. SANDRASEGARAN K, AKISIK F M, LIN C, et al. Value of diffusion-weighted MRI for assessing liver fibrosis and cirrhosis[J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2009, 193(6): 1556-1560.
7. CASTERA L. Noninvasive methods to assess liver disease in patients with hepatitis B or C[J]. Gastroenterology, 2012, 142(6): 1293-1302.
8. MYERS R P, ELKASHAB M, MA M, et al. Transient elastography for the noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis: a multicentre Canadian study[J]. Can J Gastroenterol, 2010, 24(11): 661-670.
9. 刘曦娇,宋彬.MRI技术评价肝脏纤维化的应用进展[J].中国普外基础与临床杂志,2010,17(3):298-301.
10. LADERO J M. Noninvasive evaluation of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C[J]. Hepat Mon, 2011, 11(9): 698-700.
11. BAKAN A A, INCI E, BAKAN S, et al. Utility of diffusion-weighted imaging in the evaluation of liver fibrosis[J]. Eur Radiol, 2012, 22(3): 682-687.
12. BONEKAMP S, TORBENSON M S, KAMEL I R. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for the staging of liver fibrosis[J]. J Clin Gastroenterol, 2011, 45(10): 885-892.
13. LI H, CHEN T W, CHEN X L, et al. Magnetic resonance-based total liver volume and magnetic resonance-diffusion weighted imaging for staging liver fibrosis in mini-pigs[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2012, 18(48): 7225-7233.
14. DO R K, CHANDARANA H, FELKER E, et al. Diagnosis of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis with diffusion-weighted imaging: value of normalized apparent diffusion coefficient using the spleen as reference organ[J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2010, 195(3): 671-676.
15. CHEN X L, CHEN T W, ZHANG X M, et al. Spleen magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging for quantitative staging hepatic fibrosis in miniature pigs: An initial study[J]. Hepatol Res, 2013,43(11):1231-1240.
16. VENKATESH S K, YIN M, EHMAN R L. Magnetic resonance elastography of liver: technique, analysis, and clinical applications[J]. J Magn Reson Imaging, 2013, 37(3): 544-555.
17. TALWALKAR J A, YIN M, FIDLER J L, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of hepatic fibrosis: emerging clinical applications[J]. Hepatology, 2008, 47(1): 332-342.
18. ICHIKAWA S, MOTOSUGI U, ICHIKAWA T, et al. Magnetic resonance elastography for staging liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C[J]. Magn Reson Med Sci, 2012, 11(4): 291-297.
19. WANG Y, GANGER D R, LEVITSKY J, et al. Assessment of chronic hepatitis and fibrosis: comparison of MR elastography and diffusion-weighted imaging[J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2011, 196(3): 553-561.
20. GEORGOFF P, THOMASSON D, LOUIE A, et al. Hydrogen-1 MR spectroscopy for measurement and diagnosis of hepatic steatosis[J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2012, 199(1): 2-7.
21. ORLACCHIO A, BOLACCHI F, ANGELICO M, et al. In vivo, high-field, 3-Tesla 1H MR spectroscopic assessment of liver fibrosis in HCV-correlated chronic liver disease[J]. Radiol Med, 2008, 113(2): 289-299.
22. CHEUNG J S, FAN S J, GAO D S, et al. In vivo lipid profiling using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in an experimental liver fibrosis model[J]. Acad Radiol, 2011, 18(3): 377-383.
23. NOREN B, DAHLQVIST O, LUNDBERG P, et al. Separation of advanced from mild fibrosis in diffuse liver disease using ³¹P magnetic resonance spectroscopy[J]. Eur J Radiol, 2008, 66(2): 313-320.
24. HAIDER M A, FARHADI F A, MILOT L. Hepatic perfusion imaging: concepts and application[J]. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am, 2010, 18(3): 465-475.
25. HAGIWARA M, RUSINEK H, LEE V S, et al. Advanced liver fibrosis: diagnosis with 3D whole-liver perfusion MR imaging--initial experience[J]. Radiology, 2008, 246(3): 926-934.
26. ROSENKRANTZ A B, STOREY P, GILET A G, et al. Magnetization transfer contrast-prepared MR imaging of the liver: inability to distinguish healthy from cirrhotic liver[J]. Radiology, 2012, 262(1): 136-143.
27. 马国林,沈文,张学滨,等.肝纤维化和肝硬化磁化传递成像与血清学指标相关性研究[J].实用放射学杂志,2009,25(6):816-818.
28. HARIS M, SINGH A, CAI K, et al. T(1ρ)MRI in Alzheimer's disease: detection of pathological changes in medial temporal lobe[J]. J Neuroimaging, 2011, 21(2): e86-e90.
29. WANG Y X, YUAN J, CHU E S, et al. T1rho MR imaging is sensitive to evaluate liver fibrosis: an experimental study in a rat biliary duct ligation model[J]. Radiology, 2011, 259(3): 712-719.
30. ZHAO F, WANG Y X, YUAN J, et al. MR T1ρ as an imaging biomarker for monitoring liver injury progression and regression: an experimental study in rats with carbon tetrachloride intoxication[J]. Eur Radiol, 2012, 22(8): 1709-1716.

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