Research State and Prospect of Modelling Physical Human and Its Applications_Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Authors：

ZHUXianfeng ,  SUYijin , YUHui

Department of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;

Corresponding author：

SUYijin, Email: sugelan_fd@126.com

Keywords：

Visible Human Project datasets; Virtual Human Project; physical features of human body; physical human; digital human

DOI：

10.7507/1001-5515.20140262

Video：

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Along with the development of computer technologies and digitization of human body' s information, the digital human entered into a new stage of modelling physical features from the stage of reconstructing anatomical structures. By summarizing domestic and abroad relevant documents, we in this paper present the general scheme of digital human and the location of physical human as well as its conception and applied value. We especially analyze the modeling process of physical human, core technologies and its research and applications in four main fields: electromagnetic radiation, ultrasound propagation, bioimpedance measurements and biomechanical analysis. We also analyze and summarize existing problems of present physical human model and point out the future development trends of physical human.

Citation： ZHUXianfeng, SUYijin, YUHui. Research State and Prospect of Modelling Physical Human and Its Applications. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2014, 31(6): 1384-1388. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.20140262 Copy

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10.	PANAGAMUWA C J, WHITTOW W G, EDWARDS R M. Focusing effects of metallic rim-less spectacles at mobile communication frequencies on the energy absorbed in the head[C]//2010 Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Antennas and Propagation. Barcelona, Spain:2010:1-4.
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13.	WU T N, TAN L W, SHAO Q, et al. Chinese adult anatomical models and the application in evaluation of RF exposures[J]. Phys Med Biol, 2011, 56(7):2075-2089.
14.	LI T, GONG H, LUO Q M. Visualization of light propagation in visible Chinese human head for functional near-infrared spectroscopy[J]. J Biomed Opt, 2011, 16(4):45001.
15.	CHABER B, SZMURLO R, SAWICKI B. Realistic FEM model of human central nervous system in magnetic field exposure analysis[J]. Prace Instytutu Elektrotechniki (Poland), 2010, (247):183-193.
16.	COTTÉ B, LAFON C, DEHOLLAIN C, et al. Theoretical study for safe and efficient energy transfer to deeply implanted devices using ultrasound[J]. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control, 2012, 59(8):1674-1685.
17.	COTTÉ B, LAFON C, CHAPELON J Y, et al. Suitable acoustic paths to transfer energy in depth using ultrasound[C]//32nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS. Buenos Aires, Argentina:2010:6694-6697.
18.	HOBSON D, CURIEL L, CHAPELON J Y, et al. Dual-modality image guided high intensity focused ultrasound device design for prostate cancer:A numerical study[C]//11th International Symposium on Therapeutic Ultrasound.New York, USA:2011:131-136.
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20.	DANILOV A A, NIKOLAEV D V, RUDNEV S G, et al. Modelling of bioimpedance measurements:unstructured mesh application to real human anatomy[J]. Russ J Numer Anal Math Modell, 2012, 27(5):431-440.
21.	TRAN P, LI Q, CARTER P. Finite element modeling of current flow from cochlear implant stimulation[C]//Proceeding of The IASTED International Conference on Modelling, Simulation, and Identification. Pittsburgh, PA, USA:2011:436-442.
22.	WENDEL K E. The influence of tissue conductivity and head geometry on EEG measurement sensitivity distributions[D]. Tampere, Finland:Tampere University of Technology, 2010.
23.	NOETSCHER G M, AUNG T H, ELLOIAN J M, et al. Detecting in vivo changes of electrical properties of cerebral spinal fluid using microwave signals from small coil antennas-numerical simulation[C]//IEEE Signal Processing in Medicine and Biology Symposium. New York, USA:2012:1-6.
24.	WONG C, MIKKELSEN P, HANSEN L B, et al. Finite element analysis of tibial fractures[J]. Dan Med Bull, 2010, 57(5):A4148.
25.	PATO M P, SANTOS N J, AREIAS P, et al. Finite element studies of the mechanical behaviour of the diaphragm in normal and pathological cases[J]. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin, 2011, 14(6):505-513.
26.	PELTERET V P J, REDDY B D. Computational model of soft tissues in the human upper airway[J]. Int J Numer Methods Biomed Eng, 2012, 28(1):111-132.
27.	YAN X N, KRUGER J A, NASH M P, et al. A quantitative description of pelvic floor muscle fibre organisation[C]//5th Computational Biomechanics for Medicine Workshop/Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention Conference. Beijing, CHINA:2010:119-130.
28.	WEI G, TANG G, FU Z L, et al. The virtual reality simulation research of China Mechanical Virtual Human based on the Creator/Vega[J]. J Biomed Eng, 2010, 27(5):1039-1043.
29.	TANG G, MI W J, CHANG D F, et al. Distributed computing for mechanical virtual human[J]. Adv Mater Res, 2012, 341-342:695-699.
30.	TANG G, CHANG D F, MI W J, et al. Networking architecture for Chinese mechanical virtual human[C]//International Conference on Materials Science and Information Technology. Singapore:2011:5828-5831.
31.	DANIEL M. Role of optimization criterion in static asymmetric analysis of lumbar spine load[J]. Wien Med Wochenschr, 2011, 161(19-20):477-485.
32.	VETTE A H, YOSHIDA T, THRASHER T A, et al. A complete, non-lumped, and verifiable set of upper body segment parameters for three-dimensional dynamic modeling[J]. Med Eng Phys, 2011, 33(1):70-79.

1. 罗述谦,周国宏.医学图像处理与分析[M].第2版.北京:科学出版社,2010:202-204.
2. KOSLOW S H, HYMAN S E. Human Brain Project:A program for the new millennium[J]. Einstein Quart J Biol Med, 2000, 17(1):7-15.
3. KRAUSE C. The Virtual Human Project:An idea whose time has come?[J]. ORNL Review, 2000, 33(1):8-11.
4. HUNTER P J. Modeling human physiology:The IUPS/EMBS Physiome Project[J]. Proc IEEE, 2006, 94(4):678-691.
5. EDWARDS C. The digital human[J]. Information Professional, 2005, 2(4):20-27.
6. 吕婷.数字人体研究及其应用[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2010,14(48):9041-9045.
7. XU X G, CHAO T C, BOZKURT A. VIP-man:An image-based whole-body adult male model constructed from color photographs of the visible human project for multi-particle Monte Carlo calculations[J]. Health Phys, 2000, 78(5):476-486.
8. 石成玉,徐榭,白净.一个数字化的孕妇物理人模型的开发及其在核医药学上的应用[J].中国医学影像技术,2004,20(8):1267-1272.
9. CHRIST A, KAINZ W, HAHN E G, et al. The virtual family——development of surface-based anatomical models of two adults and two children for dosimetric simulations[J]. Phys Med Biol, 2010, 55(2):N23-N38.
10. PANAGAMUWA C J, WHITTOW W G, EDWARDS R M. Focusing effects of metallic rim-less spectacles at mobile communication frequencies on the energy absorbed in the head[C]//2010 Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Antennas and Propagation. Barcelona, Spain:2010:1-4.
11. KIENTEGA T, CONIL E, GATI A, et al. Analysis of the distribution of specific absorption rate induced by five plane waves with a fast and new method in Visible Human[C]//201130th URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium. Istanbul, Turkey:2011:1-4.
12. KIENTEGA T, CONIL E, HADJEM A, et al. A new approach to assess the Specific Absorption Rate induced by multiple plane waves at 2.1 GHz[C]//Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation. Rome:Italy:2011:2589-2592.
13. WU T N, TAN L W, SHAO Q, et al. Chinese adult anatomical models and the application in evaluation of RF exposures[J]. Phys Med Biol, 2011, 56(7):2075-2089.
14. LI T, GONG H, LUO Q M. Visualization of light propagation in visible Chinese human head for functional near-infrared spectroscopy[J]. J Biomed Opt, 2011, 16(4):45001.
15. CHABER B, SZMURLO R, SAWICKI B. Realistic FEM model of human central nervous system in magnetic field exposure analysis[J]. Prace Instytutu Elektrotechniki (Poland), 2010, (247):183-193.
16. COTTÉ B, LAFON C, DEHOLLAIN C, et al. Theoretical study for safe and efficient energy transfer to deeply implanted devices using ultrasound[J]. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control, 2012, 59(8):1674-1685.
17. COTTÉ B, LAFON C, CHAPELON J Y, et al. Suitable acoustic paths to transfer energy in depth using ultrasound[C]//32nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS. Buenos Aires, Argentina:2010:6694-6697.
18. HOBSON D, CURIEL L, CHAPELON J Y, et al. Dual-modality image guided high intensity focused ultrasound device design for prostate cancer:A numerical study[C]//11th International Symposium on Therapeutic Ultrasound.New York, USA:2011:131-136.
19. KARMAKAR M K, LI X, KWOK W H, et al. Sonoanatomy relevant for ultrasound-guided central neuraxial blocks via the paramedian approach in the lumbar region[J]. Br J Radiol, 2012, 85(1015):262-269.
20. DANILOV A A, NIKOLAEV D V, RUDNEV S G, et al. Modelling of bioimpedance measurements:unstructured mesh application to real human anatomy[J]. Russ J Numer Anal Math Modell, 2012, 27(5):431-440.
21. TRAN P, LI Q, CARTER P. Finite element modeling of current flow from cochlear implant stimulation[C]//Proceeding of The IASTED International Conference on Modelling, Simulation, and Identification. Pittsburgh, PA, USA:2011:436-442.
22. WENDEL K E. The influence of tissue conductivity and head geometry on EEG measurement sensitivity distributions[D]. Tampere, Finland:Tampere University of Technology, 2010.
23. NOETSCHER G M, AUNG T H, ELLOIAN J M, et al. Detecting in vivo changes of electrical properties of cerebral spinal fluid using microwave signals from small coil antennas-numerical simulation[C]//IEEE Signal Processing in Medicine and Biology Symposium. New York, USA:2012:1-6.
24. WONG C, MIKKELSEN P, HANSEN L B, et al. Finite element analysis of tibial fractures[J]. Dan Med Bull, 2010, 57(5):A4148.
25. PATO M P, SANTOS N J, AREIAS P, et al. Finite element studies of the mechanical behaviour of the diaphragm in normal and pathological cases[J]. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin, 2011, 14(6):505-513.
26. PELTERET V P J, REDDY B D. Computational model of soft tissues in the human upper airway[J]. Int J Numer Methods Biomed Eng, 2012, 28(1):111-132.
27. YAN X N, KRUGER J A, NASH M P, et al. A quantitative description of pelvic floor muscle fibre organisation[C]//5th Computational Biomechanics for Medicine Workshop/Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention Conference. Beijing, CHINA:2010:119-130.
28. WEI G, TANG G, FU Z L, et al. The virtual reality simulation research of China Mechanical Virtual Human based on the Creator/Vega[J]. J Biomed Eng, 2010, 27(5):1039-1043.
29. TANG G, MI W J, CHANG D F, et al. Distributed computing for mechanical virtual human[J]. Adv Mater Res, 2012, 341-342:695-699.
30. TANG G, CHANG D F, MI W J, et al. Networking architecture for Chinese mechanical virtual human[C]//International Conference on Materials Science and Information Technology. Singapore:2011:5828-5831.
31. DANIEL M. Role of optimization criterion in static asymmetric analysis of lumbar spine load[J]. Wien Med Wochenschr, 2011, 161(19-20):477-485.
32. VETTE A H, YOSHIDA T, THRASHER T A, et al. A complete, non-lumped, and verifiable set of upper body segment parameters for three-dimensional dynamic modeling[J]. Med Eng Phys, 2011, 33(1):70-79.

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