Assessment of Tricuspid Insufficiency and the Function of Right Ventricle Using Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Combined with Echocardiograhy_Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Authors：

CHENHui ¹ , ZHAOYanling ² ,  YUJianqun ¹

1. Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
2. Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;

Corresponding author：

YUJianqun, Email: cjr.yujianqun@vip.163.com

Keywords：

tricuspid regurgitation; left-sided valvular surgery; right-sided cardiac dysfuntion; cardiac magnetic resonance imaging; echocardiography

DOI：

10.7507/1001-5515.20150168

Video：

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Right-sided cardiac valvular diseases have traditionally been considered less important than disease of mitral or aortic valve. However, severe tricuspid regurgitation could lead to right ventricle dysfunction and reduce patients' survival rate. In clinic setting, tricuspid valve disease should be paid more attention for patients with secondary tricuspid regurgitation caused by left-sided valvular surgery combined with irreversible annular dilatation increasing the risk of re-operation. In this review, we summarize the epidemiology, anatomy, pathology, diagnosis, ultrasound and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with tricuspid regurgitation.

Citation： CHENHui, ZHAOYanling, YUJianqun. Assessment of Tricuspid Insufficiency and the Function of Right Ventricle Using Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Combined with Echocardiograhy. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2015, 32(4): 940-944. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.20150168 Copy

1.	BERTRAND P,KOPPERS G,VERBRUGGE F H,et al.Tricuspid annuloplasty concomitant wity left-sided cardiac surgery induces right ventricular remodeling[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2013,61(10):E2001.
2.	ANGELONI E,MELINA G,BENEDETTO U A,et al.Impact of prosthesis-patient mismatch on tricuspid valve regurgitation and pulmonary hypertension following mitral valve replacement[J].Int J Cardiol,2013,168(4):4150-4154.
3.	XIAO X J,HUANG H L,ZHANG J F,et al.Surgical treatment of late tricuspid regurgitation after left cardiac valve replacement[J].Heart Lung Circ,2004,13(1):65-69.
4.	SHIRAN A,SAGIE A.Tricuspid regurgitation in mitral valve disease incidence,prognostic implications,mechanism,and management[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2009,3(5):401-408.
5.	IRWIN R B,LUCKIE M,KHATTAR R S.Tricuspid regurgitation:contemporary management of a neglected valvular lesion[J].Postgrad Med J,2010,86(121):648-655.
6.	GIBBONS R J.ARAOZ P A,GERBER T C.The year in cardiac imaging[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2013,61(24):2471-2483.
7.	ROSENHEK R.Almanac 2011:valvular heart disease.The national society journals present selected research that has driven recent advances in clinical cardiology[J].Heart,2011,97(24):2007-2017.
8.	ANWAR A M,GELEIJNSE M L,TEN CATE F J,et al.Assessment of tricuspid valve annulus size,shape and function using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography[J].Interact Cardiol Thorac Surg,2006,5(6):683-687.
9.	SPINNER E M,SHANNON P,BUICE D,et al.In vitro characterization of the mechanisms responsible for functional tricuspid regurgitation[J].Circulation,2011,124(8):920-929.
10.	DI MAURO M,BEZANTE G P,DI BALDASSARRE A,et al.Functional tricuspid regurgitation:an underestimated issue[J].Int J Cardiol,2013,168(2):707-715.
11.	FRATZ S,JANELLO C,M? LLER D,et al.The functional right ventricle and tricuspid regurgitation in Ebstein's anomaly[J].Int J Cardiol,2013,167(1):258-261.
12.	TARAMASSO M,VANERMEN H,MAISANO F,et al.The growing clinical importance of secondary tricuspid regurgitation[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2012,59(8):703-710.
13.	ULUS A T,POYRAZ N Y,ARAT N A,et al.Right ventricular and septal function in patients with pulmonary hypertension[J].Heart Lung Circ,2013,22(12):1003-1010.
14.	CASA L C,DOLENSKY J R,SPINNER E M,et al.Impact of pulmonary hypertension on tricuspid valve function[J].Ann Biomed Eng,2013,41(4):709-724.
15.	DE MEESTER P,VAN DE BRUAENE A,HERIJGERS P,et al.Geometry of the right heart and tricuspid regurgitation to exclude elevated pulmonary artery pressure:new insights[J].Int J Cardiol,2013,34(1):42.
16.	SPINNER E M,LERAKIS S,HIGGINSON J,et al.Correlates of tricuspid regurgitation as determined by 3D echocardiography:pulmonary arterial pressure,ventricle geometry,annular dilatation,and papillary muscle displacement[J].Circ Cardiol Imaging,2012,5(1):43-50.
17.	KARAS M G,KIZER J R.Echocardiographic assessment of the right ventricle and associated hemodynamics[J].Prog Cardiol Dis,2012,55(2):144-160.
18.	LING L F,MARWICK T H.Echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular function:how to account for tricuspid regurgitation and pulmonary hypertension[J].JACC Cardiol Imag,2012,5(7):747-753.
19.	CHOO W S,STEEDS R P.Cardiac imaging in valvular heart disease[J].Br J Radiol,2011,84(3):S245-257.
20.	LOPEZ-MATTEI J C.DIPAN J S.The role of cardiac magnetic resonance in valvular heart disease[J].Meth Debakey Cardiol J,2013,9(3):142-148.
21.	REDDY S T,SHAH M,DOYLE M,et al.Evaluation of cardiac valvular regurgitant lesions by cardiac MRI sequences:comparison of a four-valve semi-quantitative versus quantitative approach[J].J Heart Valve Dis,2013,22(4):491-499.
22.	THAVENDIRANATHAN P,VERHAERT D,WALLS M C,et al.Simultaneous right and left heart Real-Time,Free-Breathing CMR flow quantification identifies constrictive physiology[J].JACC Cardiol Imag,2012,5(1):15-24.
23.	SPEISER U,ABAS A,HENKE C,et al.Time-resolved magnetic resonance imaging of contrast kinetics to identify severe tricuspid valve regurgitation[J].Acta Cardiol,2013,68(3):247-253.
24.	BONELLO B,KILNER P J.Review of the role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in congenital heart disease,with a focus on right ventricle assessment[J].Arch Cardiol Dis,2012,105(11):605-613.
25.	SPEISER U,HIRSCHBERGER M,PILZ G,et al.Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion assessed using MRI for semi-quantification of right ventricular ejection fraction[J].Br J Radiol,2012,85(117):e716-e721.
26.	PARK K,KIM H K,KIM Y J,et al.Incremental prognostic value of early postoperative right ventricular systolic function in patients undergoing surgery for isolated severe tricuspid regurgitation[J].Heart,2011,97(16):1319-1325.

1. BERTRAND P,KOPPERS G,VERBRUGGE F H,et al.Tricuspid annuloplasty concomitant wity left-sided cardiac surgery induces right ventricular remodeling[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2013,61(10):E2001.
2. ANGELONI E,MELINA G,BENEDETTO U A,et al.Impact of prosthesis-patient mismatch on tricuspid valve regurgitation and pulmonary hypertension following mitral valve replacement[J].Int J Cardiol,2013,168(4):4150-4154.
3. XIAO X J,HUANG H L,ZHANG J F,et al.Surgical treatment of late tricuspid regurgitation after left cardiac valve replacement[J].Heart Lung Circ,2004,13(1):65-69.
4. SHIRAN A,SAGIE A.Tricuspid regurgitation in mitral valve disease incidence,prognostic implications,mechanism,and management[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2009,3(5):401-408.
5. IRWIN R B,LUCKIE M,KHATTAR R S.Tricuspid regurgitation:contemporary management of a neglected valvular lesion[J].Postgrad Med J,2010,86(121):648-655.
6. GIBBONS R J.ARAOZ P A,GERBER T C.The year in cardiac imaging[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2013,61(24):2471-2483.
7. ROSENHEK R.Almanac 2011:valvular heart disease.The national society journals present selected research that has driven recent advances in clinical cardiology[J].Heart,2011,97(24):2007-2017.
8. ANWAR A M,GELEIJNSE M L,TEN CATE F J,et al.Assessment of tricuspid valve annulus size,shape and function using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography[J].Interact Cardiol Thorac Surg,2006,5(6):683-687.
9. SPINNER E M,SHANNON P,BUICE D,et al.In vitro characterization of the mechanisms responsible for functional tricuspid regurgitation[J].Circulation,2011,124(8):920-929.
10. DI MAURO M,BEZANTE G P,DI BALDASSARRE A,et al.Functional tricuspid regurgitation:an underestimated issue[J].Int J Cardiol,2013,168(2):707-715.
11. FRATZ S,JANELLO C,M? LLER D,et al.The functional right ventricle and tricuspid regurgitation in Ebstein's anomaly[J].Int J Cardiol,2013,167(1):258-261.
12. TARAMASSO M,VANERMEN H,MAISANO F,et al.The growing clinical importance of secondary tricuspid regurgitation[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2012,59(8):703-710.
13. ULUS A T,POYRAZ N Y,ARAT N A,et al.Right ventricular and septal function in patients with pulmonary hypertension[J].Heart Lung Circ,2013,22(12):1003-1010.
14. CASA L C,DOLENSKY J R,SPINNER E M,et al.Impact of pulmonary hypertension on tricuspid valve function[J].Ann Biomed Eng,2013,41(4):709-724.
15. DE MEESTER P,VAN DE BRUAENE A,HERIJGERS P,et al.Geometry of the right heart and tricuspid regurgitation to exclude elevated pulmonary artery pressure:new insights[J].Int J Cardiol,2013,34(1):42.
16. SPINNER E M,LERAKIS S,HIGGINSON J,et al.Correlates of tricuspid regurgitation as determined by 3D echocardiography:pulmonary arterial pressure,ventricle geometry,annular dilatation,and papillary muscle displacement[J].Circ Cardiol Imaging,2012,5(1):43-50.
17. KARAS M G,KIZER J R.Echocardiographic assessment of the right ventricle and associated hemodynamics[J].Prog Cardiol Dis,2012,55(2):144-160.
18. LING L F,MARWICK T H.Echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular function:how to account for tricuspid regurgitation and pulmonary hypertension[J].JACC Cardiol Imag,2012,5(7):747-753.
19. CHOO W S,STEEDS R P.Cardiac imaging in valvular heart disease[J].Br J Radiol,2011,84(3):S245-257.
20. LOPEZ-MATTEI J C.DIPAN J S.The role of cardiac magnetic resonance in valvular heart disease[J].Meth Debakey Cardiol J,2013,9(3):142-148.
21. REDDY S T,SHAH M,DOYLE M,et al.Evaluation of cardiac valvular regurgitant lesions by cardiac MRI sequences:comparison of a four-valve semi-quantitative versus quantitative approach[J].J Heart Valve Dis,2013,22(4):491-499.
22. THAVENDIRANATHAN P,VERHAERT D,WALLS M C,et al.Simultaneous right and left heart Real-Time,Free-Breathing CMR flow quantification identifies constrictive physiology[J].JACC Cardiol Imag,2012,5(1):15-24.
23. SPEISER U,ABAS A,HENKE C,et al.Time-resolved magnetic resonance imaging of contrast kinetics to identify severe tricuspid valve regurgitation[J].Acta Cardiol,2013,68(3):247-253.
24. BONELLO B,KILNER P J.Review of the role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in congenital heart disease,with a focus on right ventricle assessment[J].Arch Cardiol Dis,2012,105(11):605-613.
25. SPEISER U,HIRSCHBERGER M,PILZ G,et al.Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion assessed using MRI for semi-quantification of right ventricular ejection fraction[J].Br J Radiol,2012,85(117):e716-e721.
26. PARK K,KIM H K,KIM Y J,et al.Incremental prognostic value of early postoperative right ventricular systolic function in patients undergoing surgery for isolated severe tricuspid regurgitation[J].Heart,2011,97(16):1319-1325.

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