Development and Validation of a Three-Dimensional Finite Element Model of Inferior Cervical Spinal Segments C<sub>4-7</sub> for a Healthy Person_Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Authors：

1. Shi's Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Shanghai Academy of TCM, Shanghai 201203, China;
2. Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201619, China;
3. Nephrology Department, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 201203, China;

Corresponding author：

Keywords：

inferior cervical spine; finite element model; biomechanics

DOI：

10.7507/1001-5515.20160108

Video：

Export PDF Favorites Scan Get Citation

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

This study aims to develop and validate a three-dimensional finite element model of inferior cervical spinal segments C_4-7 of a healthy volunteer, and to provide a computational platform for investigating the biomechanical mechanism of treating cervical vertebra disease with Traditional Chinese Traumotology Manipulation (TCTM). A series of computed tomography (CT) images of C_4-7 segments were processed to establish the finite element model using softwares Mimics 17.0, Geromagic12.0, and Abaqus 6.13. A reference point (RP) was created on the endplate of C₄ and coupled with all nodes of C₄. All loads (±0.5, ±1, ±1.5 and ±2 Nm) were added to the RP for the six simulations (flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial rotation). Then, the range of motion of each segment was calculated and compared with experimental measurements of in vitro studies. On the other hand, 1 Nm moment was loaded on the model to observe the main stress regions of the model in different status. We successfully established a detail model of inferior cervical spinal segments C_4-7 of a healthy volunteer with 591 459 elements and 121 446 nodes which contains the structure of the vertebra, intervertebral discs, ligaments and facet joints. The model showed an accordance result after the comparison with the in vitro studies in the six simulations. Moreover, the main stress region occurred on the model could reflect the main stress distribution of normal human cervical spine. The model is accurate and realistic which is consistent with the biomechanical properties of the cervical spine. The model can be used to explore the biomechanical mechanism of treating cervical vertebra disease with TCTM.

Citation： DENGZhen, WANGHuihao, NIUWenxin, LANTianying, WANGKuan, ZHANHongsheng. Development and Validation of a Three-Dimensional Finite Element Model of Inferior Cervical Spinal Segments C_4-7 for a Healthy Person. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2016, 33(4): 652-658. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.20160108 Copy

1.	柯尊华, 王静怡.颈椎病流行病学及发病机理研究进展[J].颈腰痛杂志, 2014, 35(1):62-64.
2.	李韵, 贺西京.有限元分析在脊柱生物力学领域的应用[J].生物医学工程学杂志, 2001, 18(2):288-289, 319.
3.	原芳, 薛清华, 刘伟强.有限元法在脊柱生物力学应用中的新进展[J].医用生物力学, 2013, 28(5):585-590.
4.	BOZIC K J, KEYAK J H, SKINNER H B, et al. Three-dimensional finite element modeling of a cervical vertebra:an investigation of burst fracture mechanism[J]. J Spinal Disord, 1994, 7(2):102-110.
5.	YOGANANDAN N, KUMARESAN S C, VOO L M, et al. Finite element modeling of the C4-C6 cervical spine unit[J]. Med Eng Phys, 1996, 18(7):569-574.
6.	YOGANANDAN N, KUMARESAN S, PINTAR F A. Biomechanics of the cervical spine Part 2. Cervical spine soft tissue responses and biomechanical modeling[J]. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 2001, 16(1):1-27.
7.	李雪迎, 王春明, 殷秀珍, 等.颈椎牵引过程的三维有限元分析[J].中华理疗杂志, 1999, 22(6):29-32.
8.	王辉昊, 沈知彼, 邓真, 等.人体全颈椎及椎动脉流固耦合模型的构建[J].浙江大学学报:医学版, 2015, 44(2):131-137.
9.	CARLESSO L C, MACDERMID J C, SANTAGUIDA P. Determining adverse events in patients with neck pain receiving orthopaedic manual physiotherapy:a pilot and feasibility study[J]. Physiother Can, 2013, 65(3):255-265.
10.	HURWITZ E L, CARRAGEE E J, VAN DER VELDE G, et al. Treatment of neck pain:Noninvasive interventions-Results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders[J]. Eur Spine J, 2008, 17 (S1):S123-S152.
11.	YOGANANDAN N, KUMARESAN S, PINTAR F A. Geometric and mechanical properties of human cervical spine ligaments[J]. J Biomech Eng, 2000, 122(6):623-629.
12.	PANJABI M M, OXLAND T, TAKATA K, et al. Articular facets of the human spine. Quantitative three-dimensional anatomy[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1993, 18(10):1298-1310.
13.	GOEL V K, CLAUSEN J D. Prediction of load sharing among spinal components of a C5-C6 motion segment using the finite element approach[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1998, 23(6):684-691.
14.	ZHANG Q H, TEO E C, NG H W, et al. Finite element analysis of moment-rotation relationships for human cervical spine[J]. J Biomech, 2006, 39(1):189-193.
15.	MORONEY S P, SCHULTZ A B, MILLER J A A, et al. Load-displacement properties of lower cervical spine motion segments[J]. J Biomech, 1988, 21(9):769-779.
16.	WHEELDON J A, PINTAR F A, KNOWLES S, et al. Experimental flexion/extension data corridors for validation of finite element models of the young, normal cervical spine[J]. J Biomech, 2006, 39(2):375-380.
17.	NIGHTINGALE R W, CAROL CHANCEY V, OTTAVIANO D, et al. Flexion and extension structural properties and strengths for male cervical spine segments[J]. J Biomech, 2007, 40(3):535-542.
18.	NIGHTINGALE R W, WINKELSTEIN B A, KNAUB K E, et al. Comparative strengths and structural properties of the upper and lower cervical spine in flexion and extension[J]. J Biomech, 2002, 35(6):725-732.
19.	PANJABI M M, CRISCO J J, VASAVADA A, et al. Mechanical properties of the human cervical spine as shown by three-dimensional load-displacement curves[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2001, 26(24):2692-2700.
20.	LYSELL E. Motion in the cervical spine. An experimental study on autopsy specimens[J]. Acta Orthop Scand, 1969, 40(Suppl 123):1-61.
21.	卢志明, 唐占英, 叶秀兰, 等.颈椎病的发病机理及传统手法治疗研究进展[J].中国中医骨伤科杂志, 2011, 19(1):61-63.
22.	KALLEMEYN N, GANDHI A, KODE S, et al. Validation of a C2-C7 cervical spine finite element model using specimen-specific flexibility data[J]. Med Eng Phys, 2010, 32(5):482-489.
23.	HUSSAIN M, NATARAJAN R N, FAYYAZI A H, et al. Screw angulation affects bone-screw stresses and bone graft load sharing in anterior cervical corpectomy fusion with a rigid screw-plate construct:a finite element model study[J]. Spine J, 2009, 9(12):1016-1023.
24.	DEL PALOMAR A P, CALVO B, DOBLARE M. An accurate finite element model of the cervical spine under quasi-static loading[J]. J Biomech, 2008, 41(3):523-531.
25.	张明才, 石印玉, 黄仕荣, 等."骨错缝筋出槽"与颈椎病发病关系的临床研究[J].中国骨伤, 2013, 26(7):557-560.
26.	PANJABI M M, NIBU K, CHOLEWICKI J. Whiplash injuries and the potential for mechanical instability[J]. Eur Spine J, 1998, 7(6):484-492.
27.	GOEL V K, CLARK C R, GALLAES K, et al. Moment-rotation relationships of the ligamentous occipito-atlanto-axial complex[J]. J Biomech, 1988, 21(8):673-680.
28.	邓真, 牛文鑫, 王辉昊, 等.生物力学在中医骨伤手法治疗颈椎病中的应用[J].医用生物力学, 2015, 30(6):569-573.
29.	ERBULUT D U, ZAFARPARANDEH I, LAZOGLU I, et al. Application of an asymmetric finite element model of the C2-T1 cervical spine for evaluating the role of soft tissues in stability[J]. Med Eng Phys, 2014, 36(7):915-921.
30.	STEMPER B D, YOGANANDAN N, PINTAR F A. Effects of abnormal posture on capsular ligament elongations in a computational model subjected to whiplash loading[J]. J Biomech, 2005, 38(6):1313-1323.
31.	张宇宸, 李颉, 牛文鑫, 等.人工颈椎间盘置换对多节段下颈椎活动影响的三维有限元分析[J].中华医学杂志, 2008, 88(17):1214-1216.

1. 柯尊华, 王静怡.颈椎病流行病学及发病机理研究进展[J].颈腰痛杂志, 2014, 35(1):62-64.
2. 李韵, 贺西京.有限元分析在脊柱生物力学领域的应用[J].生物医学工程学杂志, 2001, 18(2):288-289, 319.
3. 原芳, 薛清华, 刘伟强.有限元法在脊柱生物力学应用中的新进展[J].医用生物力学, 2013, 28(5):585-590.
4. BOZIC K J, KEYAK J H, SKINNER H B, et al. Three-dimensional finite element modeling of a cervical vertebra:an investigation of burst fracture mechanism[J]. J Spinal Disord, 1994, 7(2):102-110.
5. YOGANANDAN N, KUMARESAN S C, VOO L M, et al. Finite element modeling of the C4-C6 cervical spine unit[J]. Med Eng Phys, 1996, 18(7):569-574.
6. YOGANANDAN N, KUMARESAN S, PINTAR F A. Biomechanics of the cervical spine Part 2. Cervical spine soft tissue responses and biomechanical modeling[J]. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 2001, 16(1):1-27.
7. 李雪迎, 王春明, 殷秀珍, 等.颈椎牵引过程的三维有限元分析[J].中华理疗杂志, 1999, 22(6):29-32.
8. 王辉昊, 沈知彼, 邓真, 等.人体全颈椎及椎动脉流固耦合模型的构建[J].浙江大学学报:医学版, 2015, 44(2):131-137.
9. CARLESSO L C, MACDERMID J C, SANTAGUIDA P. Determining adverse events in patients with neck pain receiving orthopaedic manual physiotherapy:a pilot and feasibility study[J]. Physiother Can, 2013, 65(3):255-265.
10. HURWITZ E L, CARRAGEE E J, VAN DER VELDE G, et al. Treatment of neck pain:Noninvasive interventions-Results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders[J]. Eur Spine J, 2008, 17 (S1):S123-S152.
11. YOGANANDAN N, KUMARESAN S, PINTAR F A. Geometric and mechanical properties of human cervical spine ligaments[J]. J Biomech Eng, 2000, 122(6):623-629.
12. PANJABI M M, OXLAND T, TAKATA K, et al. Articular facets of the human spine. Quantitative three-dimensional anatomy[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1993, 18(10):1298-1310.
13. GOEL V K, CLAUSEN J D. Prediction of load sharing among spinal components of a C5-C6 motion segment using the finite element approach[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1998, 23(6):684-691.
14. ZHANG Q H, TEO E C, NG H W, et al. Finite element analysis of moment-rotation relationships for human cervical spine[J]. J Biomech, 2006, 39(1):189-193.
15. MORONEY S P, SCHULTZ A B, MILLER J A A, et al. Load-displacement properties of lower cervical spine motion segments[J]. J Biomech, 1988, 21(9):769-779.
16. WHEELDON J A, PINTAR F A, KNOWLES S, et al. Experimental flexion/extension data corridors for validation of finite element models of the young, normal cervical spine[J]. J Biomech, 2006, 39(2):375-380.
17. NIGHTINGALE R W, CAROL CHANCEY V, OTTAVIANO D, et al. Flexion and extension structural properties and strengths for male cervical spine segments[J]. J Biomech, 2007, 40(3):535-542.
18. NIGHTINGALE R W, WINKELSTEIN B A, KNAUB K E, et al. Comparative strengths and structural properties of the upper and lower cervical spine in flexion and extension[J]. J Biomech, 2002, 35(6):725-732.
19. PANJABI M M, CRISCO J J, VASAVADA A, et al. Mechanical properties of the human cervical spine as shown by three-dimensional load-displacement curves[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2001, 26(24):2692-2700.
20. LYSELL E. Motion in the cervical spine. An experimental study on autopsy specimens[J]. Acta Orthop Scand, 1969, 40(Suppl 123):1-61.
21. 卢志明, 唐占英, 叶秀兰, 等.颈椎病的发病机理及传统手法治疗研究进展[J].中国中医骨伤科杂志, 2011, 19(1):61-63.
22. KALLEMEYN N, GANDHI A, KODE S, et al. Validation of a C2-C7 cervical spine finite element model using specimen-specific flexibility data[J]. Med Eng Phys, 2010, 32(5):482-489.
23. HUSSAIN M, NATARAJAN R N, FAYYAZI A H, et al. Screw angulation affects bone-screw stresses and bone graft load sharing in anterior cervical corpectomy fusion with a rigid screw-plate construct:a finite element model study[J]. Spine J, 2009, 9(12):1016-1023.
24. DEL PALOMAR A P, CALVO B, DOBLARE M. An accurate finite element model of the cervical spine under quasi-static loading[J]. J Biomech, 2008, 41(3):523-531.
25. 张明才, 石印玉, 黄仕荣, 等."骨错缝筋出槽"与颈椎病发病关系的临床研究[J].中国骨伤, 2013, 26(7):557-560.
26. PANJABI M M, NIBU K, CHOLEWICKI J. Whiplash injuries and the potential for mechanical instability[J]. Eur Spine J, 1998, 7(6):484-492.
27. GOEL V K, CLARK C R, GALLAES K, et al. Moment-rotation relationships of the ligamentous occipito-atlanto-axial complex[J]. J Biomech, 1988, 21(8):673-680.
28. 邓真, 牛文鑫, 王辉昊, 等.生物力学在中医骨伤手法治疗颈椎病中的应用[J].医用生物力学, 2015, 30(6):569-573.
29. ERBULUT D U, ZAFARPARANDEH I, LAZOGLU I, et al. Application of an asymmetric finite element model of the C2-T1 cervical spine for evaluating the role of soft tissues in stability[J]. Med Eng Phys, 2014, 36(7):915-921.
30. STEMPER B D, YOGANANDAN N, PINTAR F A. Effects of abnormal posture on capsular ligament elongations in a computational model subjected to whiplash loading[J]. J Biomech, 2005, 38(6):1313-1323.
31. 张宇宸, 李颉, 牛文鑫, 等.人工颈椎间盘置换对多节段下颈椎活动影响的三维有限元分析[J].中华医学杂志, 2008, 88(17):1214-1216.

Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Development and Validation of a Three-Dimensional Finite Element Model of Inferior Cervical Spinal Segments C_4-7 for a Healthy Person

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Previous Article

Next Article

Format

Content

Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Development and Validation of a Three-Dimensional Finite Element Model of Inferior Cervical Spinal Segments C4-7 for a Healthy Person

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Previous Article

Next Article

Format

Content

Development and Validation of a Three-Dimensional Finite Element Model of Inferior Cervical Spinal Segments C_4-7 for a Healthy Person