Expression of Galectin-3 in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma and Human Bone Marrow Endothelial Cell Marker and Study and Application of the <sup>18</sup>F-Fluordeoxyglucose Imaging_Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Authors：

SHIYekuan ,  YOUJinhui

Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China;

Corresponding author：

YOUJinhui, Email: youjh@126.com

Keywords：

differentiated thyroid cancer; Galectin-3; human bone marrow endothelial cell marker; ¹⁸F-fluordeoxyglucose; positron emission tomography/computed tomography

DOI：

10.7507/1001-5515.20160164

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Galectin-3 and human bone marrow endothelial cell marker (HBME-1), which play an important role in tumor growth and metastasis, are good markers for thyroid cancer. The diagnosis specificity and accuracy for thyroid cancers have been increased with the application of ¹⁸F-fluordeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). The value of Galectin-3, HBME-1 expression and ¹⁸F-FDG imaging in differentiated thyroid carcinoma is reviewed in the present paper.

Citation： SHI Yekuan, YOU Jinhui. Expression of Galectin-3 in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma and Human Bone Marrow Endothelial Cell Marker and Study and Application of the ¹⁸F-Fluordeoxyglucose Imaging. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2016, 33(5): 1020-1024. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.20160164 Copy

1.	谭天秩, 邓候富, 李林, 等.分化型甲状腺癌的基础, 临床核医学[M].第3版.北京:人民卫生出版社, 2013:1013-1019.
2.	PELLEGRITI G, FRASCA F, REGALBUTO C, et al. Worldwide increasing incidence of thyroid cancer:update on epidemiology and risk factors[J]. J Cancer Epidemiol, 2013, 2013:965212.
3.	PRICE P M, BADAWI R D, CHERRY S R, et al. Ultra staging to unmask the prescribing of adjuvant therapy in cancer patients:the future opportunity to image micrometastases using total-body ¹⁸F-FDG PET scanning[J]. J Nucl Med, 2014, 55(4):696-697.
4.	HARAZONO Y, KHO D H, BALAN V, et al. Galectin-3 leads to attenuation of apoptosis through Bax heterodimerization in human thyroid carcinoma cells[J]. Oncotarget, 2014, 5(20):9992-10001.
5.	HALIMI H, RIGATO A, BYRNE D, et al. Glycan dependence of galectin-3 self-association properties[J]. PLoS One, 2014, 9(11):e111836.
6.	FUNASAKA T, RAZ A, NANGIA-MAKKER P. Galectin-3 in angiogenesis and metastasis[J]. Glycobiology, 2014, 24(10, SI):886-891.
7.	ABD-EL RAOUF S M, IBRAHIM T R. Immunohistochemical expression of HBME-1 and galectin-3 in the differential diagnosis of follicular-derived thyroid nodules[J]. Pathol Res Pract, 2014, 210(12):971-978.
8.	ZHANG Lei, KRAUSZ T, DEMAY R M. A pilot study of galectin-3, HBME-1, and p27 triple immunostaining pattern for diagnosis of indeterminate thyroid nodules in cytology with correlation to histology[J]. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol, 2015, 23(7):481-490.
9.	SALEH H A, FENG J, TABASSUM F, et al. Differential expression of galectin-3, CK19, HBME1, and Ret oncoprotein in the diagnosis of thyroid neoplasms by fine needle aspiration biopsy[J]. Cytojournal, 2009, 6(6):18.
10.	BARTOLAZZI A, D'ALESSANDRIA C, PARISELLA M G, et al. Thyroid cancer imaging in vivo by targeting the anti-apoptotic molecule galectin-3[J]. PLoS One, 2008, 3(11):e3768.
11.	DAS D K, AL-WAHEEB S K, GEORGE S S, et al. Contribution of immunocytochemical stainings for galectin-3, CD44, and HBME1 to fine-needle aspiration cytology diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma[J]. Diagn Cytopathol, 2014, 42(6):498-505.
12.	许文琼, 梅金红.Galectin-3、HBME-1和VEGF与甲状腺乳头状癌的关系及其临床意义[J].实用临床医学, 2013, 14(8):129-131, 135.
13.	PAUNOVIC I, ISIC T, HAVELKA M, et al. Combined immunohistochemistry for thyroid peroxidase, galectin-3, CK19 and HBME-1 in differential diagnosis of thyroid tumors[J]. APMIS, 2012, 120(5):368-379.
14.	ZHU Xiaoli, SUN Tuanqi, LU Hongfen, et al. Diagnostic significance of CK19, RET, galectin-3 and HBME-1 expression for papillary thyroid carcinoma[J]. J Clin Pathol, 2010, 63(9):786-789.
15.	DE MATOS P S, FERREIRA A P, DE OLIVEIRA FACURI F, et al. Usefulness of HBME-1, cytokeratin19 and galectin-3 immunostaining in the diagnosis of thyroid malignant[J]. Histopathology, 2005, 47(4):391-401.
16.	PAPOTTI M, RODRIGUEZ J, DE POMPA R, et al. Galectin-3 and HBME-1 expression in well-differentiated thyroid tumors with follicular architecture of uncertain malignant potential[J]. Mod Pathol, 2005, 18(4):541-546.
17.	BARUT F, ONAK KANDEMIR N, BEKTAS S, et al. Universal markers of thyroid malignancies:galectin-3, HBME-1, and cytokeratin-19[J]. Endocr Pathol, 2010, 21(2):80-89.
18.	郭健, 张世豪, 延丽雅, 等.CK19、TPO、Galectin-3与HBME-1蛋白表达对甲状腺肿瘤病理诊断作用分析[J].中国实用医药, 2015, 10(18):5-7.
19.	OHTA M, OOKOSHI T, NAIKI H, et al. HBME-1 and CD15 immunocytochemistry in the follicular variant of thyroid papillary carcinoma[J]. Pathol Int, 2015, 65(3):119-125.
20.	ANSARI M, BABAEI A A, SHAFIEI B, et al. Pathological evaluation of differentiated thyroid cancer in patients with positive serum thyroglobulin and negative Iodine scan[J]. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2014, 18(13):1925-1929.
21.	HE Xinjia, WANG Xucai, YU Jinming, et al. Is it practical and cost effective to detect differentiated thyroid carcinoma metastases by ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT, by ¹⁸F-FDG SPET/CT or by ¹³¹I SPET/CT?[J]. Hell J Nucl Med, 2015, 18(1):2-4.
22.	MA Chao, KUANG Anren, XIE Jiawei, et al. Possible explanations for patients with discordant findings of serum thyroglobulin and ¹³¹I whole-body scanning[J]. J Nucl Med, 2005, 46(9):1473-1480.
23.	CHAO M. Management of differentiated thyroid cancer with rising thyroglobulin and negative diagnostic radioiodine whole body scan[J]. Clin Oncol, 2010, 22(6, SI):438-447.
24.	姚小芹, 王辉, 马超, 等.¹⁸F-FDG符合线路显像在Tg阳性、¹³¹I显像阴性分化型甲状腺癌转移灶中的应用价值[J].上海交通大学学报(医学版), 2013, 33(2):174-176, 190.
25.	ASA S, AKSOY S Y, VATANKULU B, et al. The role of FDG-PET/CT in differentiated thyroid cancer patients with negative iodine-131 whole-body scan and elevated anti-Tg level[J]. Ann Nucl Med, 2014, 28(10):970-979.
26.	SHAMIM S E, NANG L B, SHUAIB I L, et al. Clinical determinants of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in differentiated thyroid cancer patients with elevated thyroglobulin and negative ¹³¹Iodine whole body scans after ¹³¹Iodine therapy[J]. Malays J Med Sci, 2014, 21(3):38-46.
27.	TRYBEK T, KOWALSKA A, LESIAK J, et al. The role of ¹⁸F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in patients with suspected recurrence or metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma with elevated serum thyroglobulin and negative I-131 whole body scan[J]. Nucl Med Rev Cent East Eur, 2014, 17(2):87-93.
28.	MA Chao, XIE Jiawei, LOU Yanhui, et al. The role of TSH for ¹⁸F-FDG-PET in the diagnosis of recurrence and metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma with elevated thyroglobulin and negative scan:a meta-analysis[J]. Eur J Endocrinol, 2010, 163(2):177-183.
29.	DE MATOS L L, DEL GIQLIO A B, MATSUBAYASHI C O, et al. Expression of CK-19, galectin-3 and HBME-1 in the differentiation of thyroid lesions:systematic review and diagnostic meta-analysis[J]. Diaqn Pathol, 2012, 13(7):97.
30.	MA H, XU S, YAN J, et al. The value of tumor markers in the diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma alone and in combination[J]. Pol J Pathol, 2014, 65(3):202-209.
31.	SALEH H A, JIN Bo, BARNWELL J, et al. Utility of immunohistochemical markers in differentiating benign from malignant follicular-derived thyroid nodules[J]. Diagn Pathol, 2010, 26(5):9.
32.	HASLERUD T, BRAUCKHOFF K, REISETER L, et al. F18-FDG-PET for recurrent differentiated thyroid cancer:a systematic meta-analysis[J]. Acta Radiol, 2016, 57(10):1193-1200.
33.	GAERTNER F C, OKAMOTO S, SHIGA T, et al. FDG PET performed at thyroid remnant ablation has a higher predictive value for long-term survival of high-risk patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer than radioiodine uptake[J]. Clin Nucl Med, 2015, 40(5):378-383.

1. 谭天秩, 邓候富, 李林, 等.分化型甲状腺癌的基础, 临床核医学[M].第3版.北京:人民卫生出版社, 2013:1013-1019.
2. PELLEGRITI G, FRASCA F, REGALBUTO C, et al. Worldwide increasing incidence of thyroid cancer:update on epidemiology and risk factors[J]. J Cancer Epidemiol, 2013, 2013:965212.
3. PRICE P M, BADAWI R D, CHERRY S R, et al. Ultra staging to unmask the prescribing of adjuvant therapy in cancer patients:the future opportunity to image micrometastases using total-body ¹⁸F-FDG PET scanning[J]. J Nucl Med, 2014, 55(4):696-697.
4. HARAZONO Y, KHO D H, BALAN V, et al. Galectin-3 leads to attenuation of apoptosis through Bax heterodimerization in human thyroid carcinoma cells[J]. Oncotarget, 2014, 5(20):9992-10001.
5. HALIMI H, RIGATO A, BYRNE D, et al. Glycan dependence of galectin-3 self-association properties[J]. PLoS One, 2014, 9(11):e111836.
6. FUNASAKA T, RAZ A, NANGIA-MAKKER P. Galectin-3 in angiogenesis and metastasis[J]. Glycobiology, 2014, 24(10, SI):886-891.
7. ABD-EL RAOUF S M, IBRAHIM T R. Immunohistochemical expression of HBME-1 and galectin-3 in the differential diagnosis of follicular-derived thyroid nodules[J]. Pathol Res Pract, 2014, 210(12):971-978.
8. ZHANG Lei, KRAUSZ T, DEMAY R M. A pilot study of galectin-3, HBME-1, and p27 triple immunostaining pattern for diagnosis of indeterminate thyroid nodules in cytology with correlation to histology[J]. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol, 2015, 23(7):481-490.
9. SALEH H A, FENG J, TABASSUM F, et al. Differential expression of galectin-3, CK19, HBME1, and Ret oncoprotein in the diagnosis of thyroid neoplasms by fine needle aspiration biopsy[J]. Cytojournal, 2009, 6(6):18.
10. BARTOLAZZI A, D'ALESSANDRIA C, PARISELLA M G, et al. Thyroid cancer imaging in vivo by targeting the anti-apoptotic molecule galectin-3[J]. PLoS One, 2008, 3(11):e3768.
11. DAS D K, AL-WAHEEB S K, GEORGE S S, et al. Contribution of immunocytochemical stainings for galectin-3, CD44, and HBME1 to fine-needle aspiration cytology diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma[J]. Diagn Cytopathol, 2014, 42(6):498-505.
12. 许文琼, 梅金红.Galectin-3、HBME-1和VEGF与甲状腺乳头状癌的关系及其临床意义[J].实用临床医学, 2013, 14(8):129-131, 135.
13. PAUNOVIC I, ISIC T, HAVELKA M, et al. Combined immunohistochemistry for thyroid peroxidase, galectin-3, CK19 and HBME-1 in differential diagnosis of thyroid tumors[J]. APMIS, 2012, 120(5):368-379.
14. ZHU Xiaoli, SUN Tuanqi, LU Hongfen, et al. Diagnostic significance of CK19, RET, galectin-3 and HBME-1 expression for papillary thyroid carcinoma[J]. J Clin Pathol, 2010, 63(9):786-789.
15. DE MATOS P S, FERREIRA A P, DE OLIVEIRA FACURI F, et al. Usefulness of HBME-1, cytokeratin19 and galectin-3 immunostaining in the diagnosis of thyroid malignant[J]. Histopathology, 2005, 47(4):391-401.
16. PAPOTTI M, RODRIGUEZ J, DE POMPA R, et al. Galectin-3 and HBME-1 expression in well-differentiated thyroid tumors with follicular architecture of uncertain malignant potential[J]. Mod Pathol, 2005, 18(4):541-546.
17. BARUT F, ONAK KANDEMIR N, BEKTAS S, et al. Universal markers of thyroid malignancies:galectin-3, HBME-1, and cytokeratin-19[J]. Endocr Pathol, 2010, 21(2):80-89.
18. 郭健, 张世豪, 延丽雅, 等.CK19、TPO、Galectin-3与HBME-1蛋白表达对甲状腺肿瘤病理诊断作用分析[J].中国实用医药, 2015, 10(18):5-7.
19. OHTA M, OOKOSHI T, NAIKI H, et al. HBME-1 and CD15 immunocytochemistry in the follicular variant of thyroid papillary carcinoma[J]. Pathol Int, 2015, 65(3):119-125.
20. ANSARI M, BABAEI A A, SHAFIEI B, et al. Pathological evaluation of differentiated thyroid cancer in patients with positive serum thyroglobulin and negative Iodine scan[J]. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2014, 18(13):1925-1929.
21. HE Xinjia, WANG Xucai, YU Jinming, et al. Is it practical and cost effective to detect differentiated thyroid carcinoma metastases by ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT, by ¹⁸F-FDG SPET/CT or by ¹³¹I SPET/CT?[J]. Hell J Nucl Med, 2015, 18(1):2-4.
22. MA Chao, KUANG Anren, XIE Jiawei, et al. Possible explanations for patients with discordant findings of serum thyroglobulin and ¹³¹I whole-body scanning[J]. J Nucl Med, 2005, 46(9):1473-1480.
23. CHAO M. Management of differentiated thyroid cancer with rising thyroglobulin and negative diagnostic radioiodine whole body scan[J]. Clin Oncol, 2010, 22(6, SI):438-447.
24. 姚小芹, 王辉, 马超, 等.¹⁸F-FDG符合线路显像在Tg阳性、¹³¹I显像阴性分化型甲状腺癌转移灶中的应用价值[J].上海交通大学学报(医学版), 2013, 33(2):174-176, 190.
25. ASA S, AKSOY S Y, VATANKULU B, et al. The role of FDG-PET/CT in differentiated thyroid cancer patients with negative iodine-131 whole-body scan and elevated anti-Tg level[J]. Ann Nucl Med, 2014, 28(10):970-979.
26. SHAMIM S E, NANG L B, SHUAIB I L, et al. Clinical determinants of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in differentiated thyroid cancer patients with elevated thyroglobulin and negative ¹³¹Iodine whole body scans after ¹³¹Iodine therapy[J]. Malays J Med Sci, 2014, 21(3):38-46.
27. TRYBEK T, KOWALSKA A, LESIAK J, et al. The role of ¹⁸F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in patients with suspected recurrence or metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma with elevated serum thyroglobulin and negative I-131 whole body scan[J]. Nucl Med Rev Cent East Eur, 2014, 17(2):87-93.
28. MA Chao, XIE Jiawei, LOU Yanhui, et al. The role of TSH for ¹⁸F-FDG-PET in the diagnosis of recurrence and metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma with elevated thyroglobulin and negative scan:a meta-analysis[J]. Eur J Endocrinol, 2010, 163(2):177-183.
29. DE MATOS L L, DEL GIQLIO A B, MATSUBAYASHI C O, et al. Expression of CK-19, galectin-3 and HBME-1 in the differentiation of thyroid lesions:systematic review and diagnostic meta-analysis[J]. Diaqn Pathol, 2012, 13(7):97.
30. MA H, XU S, YAN J, et al. The value of tumor markers in the diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma alone and in combination[J]. Pol J Pathol, 2014, 65(3):202-209.
31. SALEH H A, JIN Bo, BARNWELL J, et al. Utility of immunohistochemical markers in differentiating benign from malignant follicular-derived thyroid nodules[J]. Diagn Pathol, 2010, 26(5):9.
32. HASLERUD T, BRAUCKHOFF K, REISETER L, et al. F18-FDG-PET for recurrent differentiated thyroid cancer:a systematic meta-analysis[J]. Acta Radiol, 2016, 57(10):1193-1200.
33. GAERTNER F C, OKAMOTO S, SHIGA T, et al. FDG PET performed at thyroid remnant ablation has a higher predictive value for long-term survival of high-risk patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer than radioiodine uptake[J]. Clin Nucl Med, 2015, 40(5):378-383.

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Expression of Galectin-3 in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma and Human Bone Marrow Endothelial Cell Marker and Study and Application of the ¹⁸F-Fluordeoxyglucose Imaging

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Expression of Galectin-3 in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma and Human Bone Marrow Endothelial Cell Marker and Study and Application of the 18F-Fluordeoxyglucose Imaging

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Expression of Galectin-3 in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma and Human Bone Marrow Endothelial Cell Marker and Study and Application of the ¹⁸F-Fluordeoxyglucose Imaging