Study on method of laparoscopic training based on eye gaze tracking techniques_Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Authors：

XU Mingzhe ,  WANG Shuyi , YE Shasha

School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P.R.China;

Corresponding author：

WANG Shuyi, Email: wangshuyi2001@sina.com

Keywords：

laparoscopic training; eye tracker; eye gaze tracking technology; gaze strategy; Markov model

DOI：

10.7507/1001-5515.201605035

Video：

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In current domestic research on laparoscopic training, researchers usually consider instrument movement path in the hand-eye coordination relationship. However, they ignore the information contained in visual cues by which could guide and control instrument movements. Studies in other areas have shown that trainers can improve their perceptual-motor skills by gaze training. This paper was designed to examine the effectiveness of eye gaze tracking technology in laparoscopic training and to analyze gaze strategy of the subjects in different training methods. The Tobii X1 Light Eye Tracker was used to track the gaze position of subjects when they were performing the two-handed transferring task in box trainer, and to obtain parameters related to gaze strategy including the efficiency of task completion, as well as visual search, visual processing and observation transfer analysis based on Markov chain model. The results showed that the completion time during the last training in gaze training group was decreased by 101.5 s comparing to the first training. Compared with video training group, gaze strategy of gaze training group has a significant change, such as fixation and saccade duration rate was increased by 38%, fixation duration on target area was increased, and saccade amplitude increased by 0.58°, and the probability of the fixation point transferring to equipment decreased by 15%. The results demonstrated that eye gaze tracking technology can be used in laparoscopic training, and can improve the subjects’ skills and shorten the learning curve by learning gaze strategies of experts.

Citation： XU Mingzhe, WANG Shuyi, YE Shasha. Study on method of laparoscopic training based on eye gaze tracking techniques. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2017, 34(5): 745-751. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.201605035 Copy

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12.	Wilson M R, Vine S J, Bright E, et al. Gaze training enhances laparoscopic technical skill acquisition and multi-tasking performance: a randomized, controlled study. Surg Endosc, 2011, 25(12): 3731-3739.
13.	邓爱珍, 丁莹. 概率论与数理统计[M]. 科学出版社, 2013.
14.	郭应时. 交通环境及驾驶经验对驾驶员眼动和工作负荷影响的研究. 西安: 长安大学, 2009.
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1. 宋健. 浅谈虚拟现实模拟技术在微创外科技能训练中的作用. 西北医学教育, 2013, 21(3): 626-6280.
2. Hogle N J, Chang L, Strong V E M, et al. Validation of laparoscopic surgical skills training outside the operating room: a long road. Surg Endosc, 2009, 23(7): 1476-1482.
3. Peters J H, Fried G M, Swanstrom L L, et al. Development and validation of a comprehensive program of education and assessment of the basic fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery. Surgery, 2004, 135(1): 21-27.
4. Lin Zhuohua, Uemura M, Zecca M, et al. Objective skill evaluation for laparoscopic training based on motion analysis. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 2013, 60(4): 977-985.
5. Law B, Stella Atkins M, Kirkpatrick A E, et al. Eye gaze patterns differentiate novice and experts in a virtual laparoscopic surgery training environment//Proceedings of the 2004 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications. New York: ACM, 2004: 41-48.
6. Tien T, Pucher P H, Sodergren M H, et al. Eye tracking for skills assessment and training: a systematic review. J Surg Res, 2014, 191(1): 169-178.
7. Rosch J L, Vogel-Walcutt J J. A review of eye-tracking applications as tools for training. Cognition Technology & Work, 2013, 15(3): 313-327.
8. Feldman L S, Cao Jiguo, Andalib A, et al. A method to characterize the learning curve for performance of a fundamental laparoscopic simulator task: defining " learning plateau” and " learning rate”. Surgery, 2009, 146(2): 381-386.
9. 樊越波, 侯锬枝, 易莉, 等. 孤独症谱系障碍儿童面孔识别的眼动研究. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2012, 20(4): 323-3260.
10. 高闯. 眼动实验原理: 眼动的神经机制、研究方法与技术. 武汉: 华中师范大学出版社, 2012: 8-17.
11. Wilson M, McGrath J, Vine S, et al. Psychomotor control in a virtual laparoscopic surgery training environment: gaze control parameters differentiate novices from experts. Surg Endosc, 2010, 24(10): 2458-2464.
12. Wilson M R, Vine S J, Bright E, et al. Gaze training enhances laparoscopic technical skill acquisition and multi-tasking performance: a randomized, controlled study. Surg Endosc, 2011, 25(12): 3731-3739.
13. 邓爱珍, 丁莹. 概率论与数理统计[M]. 科学出版社, 2013.
14. 郭应时. 交通环境及驾驶经验对驾驶员眼动和工作负荷影响的研究. 西安: 长安大学, 2009.
15. Nicolaou M, James A, Darzi A, et al. A study of saccade transition for attention segregation and task strategy in laparoscopic surgery//Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention-MICCAI 2004. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004: 97-104.

Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Study on method of laparoscopic training based on eye gaze tracking techniques

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