Synthesis of transdermal aloesin loaded zinc oxide nanoparticles and its inhibitory effect on the activity of tyrosinase_Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Authors：

HUANG Xiao ¹ , CHEN Chun ² , GONG Xingquan ² , XIAO Zuli ² , SHI Xiulan ¹ , ZHENG Xi ¹ , PAN Yuzhu ³ ,  YI Caixia ¹

1. School of Sports and Health Science, Tongren University, Tongren, Guizhou 554300, P.R.China;
2. College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Tongren University, Tongren, Guizhou 554300, P.R.China;
3. Chongqing Mix Biotechnology co., Ltd., Chongqing 400039, P.R.China;

Corresponding author：

YI Caixia, Email: 465086552@qq.com

Keywords：

aloesin; zinc oxide quantum dots; tyrosinase inhibitor; transdermal delivery; controlled release

DOI：

10.7507/1001-5515.201805018

Video：

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Zinc oxide quantum dots (ZnO QDs) were synthesized by gel-sol method and employed as the transdermal aloesin (Alo) carriers. ZnO QDs were surface-functionalized with amino using aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). Alo was covalently bonded on the surface of ZnO QDs via N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole to obtain Alo NPs, which were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA). TEM images showed that ZnO QDs were analogously sphere and monodisperse with a reasonably narrow size distribution, of which was around 4 nm. The size of Alo NPs increased to around 8 nm due to the surface modification. The intense bands at around 3 400 cm^–1 and 1 200 cm^–1 in the FTIR spectrum of Alo NPs from the vibration of -OH indicated the linkage of Alo on the surface of ZnO QDs. The results of TGA analysis showed that the mass ratio of ZnO QDs and Alo were 39.27% and 35.14%, respectively. The penetration of Alo NPs was much higher than raw Alo according to the passive penetration experiments with Franz-type diffusion cells instrument using full-thickness cavy skin, which manifested the improvement of the penetration for Alo delivered by ZnO QDs. The pH-controlled drug release behavior in vitro was investigated. At pH 7.4, only a small amount of Alo (1.45% ± 0.21%) had been released after 2 h. In contrast, as incubation at pH 5.0 of which pH was similar to endosomal environment, Alo was released very fast (87.63% ± 0.46% in 2 h) from Alo NPs, confirming that Alo NPs could response to the pH and realize the intracellular drug release. The inhibitory effect of Alo NPs on tyrosinase was in a dose dependent manner. When the concentration of Alo NPs was 12.5 μg/mL, the inhibition rate was up to 40.32% ± 1.57%. All the results show that the Alo NPs hold a great potential in transdermal tyrosinase inhibition.

Citation： HUANG Xiao, CHEN Chun, GONG Xingquan, XIAO Zuli, SHI Xiulan, ZHENG Xi, PAN Yuzhu, YI Caixia. Synthesis of transdermal aloesin loaded zinc oxide nanoparticles and its inhibitory effect on the activity of tyrosinase. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2019, 36(2): 254-259. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.201805018 Copy

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14.	Kim J H, Yoon J Y, Yang S Y, et al. Tyrosinase inhibitory components from Aloe vera and their antiviral activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem, 2017, 32(1): 78-83.
15.	Yu Jiao, Wan Kawai, Sun Xun. Improved transdermal delivery of morin efficiently inhibits allergic contact dermatitis. Int J Pharm, 2017, 530(1/2): 145-154.
16.	Habib B A, Sayed S, Elsayed G M. Enhanced transdermal delivery of ondansetron using nanovesicular systems: Fabrication, characterization, optimization and ex-vivo permeation study Box-Cox transformation practical example. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2018, 115: 352-361.
17.	Ghorani B, Goswami P, Blackburn R S. Enrichment of cellulose acetate nanofibre assemblies for therapeutic delivery of L-tryptophan. Int J Biol Macromol, 2018, 108: 1-8.
18.	Abdel-Hafez S M, Hathout R M, Sammour O A. Tracking the transdermal penetration pathways of optimized curcumin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles via confocal laser scanning microscopy. Int J Biol Macromol, 2018, 108: 753-764.
19.	Baroli B, Ennas M G, Loffredo F A, et al. Penetration of metallic nanoparticles in human full-thickness skin. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 2007, 127(7): 1701-1712.
20.	Mortensen L J, Oberdorster G, Pentland A P. In vivo skin penetration of quantum dot nanoparticles in the murine model: The effect of UVR. Nano Lett, 2008, 8(9): 2779-2787.
21.	Ilbasmis-Tamer S, Degim I T. A feasible way to use carbon nanotubes to deliver drug molecules: transdermal application. Expert Opin Drug Deliv, 2012, 9(8): 991-999.
22.	Mayr J, Saldias C, Diaz Diaz D. Release of small bioactive molecules from physical gels. Chem Soc Rev, 2018, 47(4): 1484-1515.
23.	Huang Xiao, Wang Xiaoying, Wang Sichun, et al. UV and dark-triggered repetitive release and encapsulation of benzophenone-3 from biocompatible ZnO nanoparticles potential for skin protection. Nanoscale, 2013, 5(12): 5596-5601.

1. Baek S H, Lee S H. Sesamol decreases melanin biosynthesis in melanocyte cells and zebrafish: Possible involvement of MITF via the intracellular cAMP and p38/JNK signalling pathways. Exp Dermatol, 2015, 24(10): 761-766.
2. Picardo M, Slominski A. Melanin pigmentation and melanoma. Exp Dermatol, 2017, 26(7): 555-556.
3. Lijima C, Wong C, Nugroho A, et al. Anti-melanin deposition activity of ceramicines from Chisocheton ceramicus. J Nat Med, 2016, 70(4): 702-707.
4. Pillaiyar T, Manickam M, Namasivayam V. Skin whitening agents: medicinal chemistry perspective of tyrosinase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem, 2017, 32(1): 403-425.
5. Ullash S, Son S, Yun H, et al. Tyrosinase inhibitors: a patent review (2011-2015). Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2016, 26(3): 347-362.
6. Lee S Y, Baek N, Nam T G. Natural, semisynthetic and synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem, 2016, 31(1): 1-13.
7. Hsieh P W, Aljuffali I A, Fang C L, et al. Hydroquinone-salicylic acid conjugates as novel anti-melasma actives show superior skin targeting compared to the parent drugs. J Dermatol Sci, 2014, 76(2): 120-131.
8. Candan G, Michiue H, Ishikawa S, et al. Combining poly-arginine with the hydrophobic counter-anion 4-(1-pyrenyl)-butyric acid for protein transduction in transdermal delivery. Biomaterials, 2012, 33(27): 6468-6475.
9. Ookubo N, Michiue H, Kitamatsu M, et al. The transdermal inhibition of melanogenesis by a cell-membrane-permeable peptide delivery system based on poly-arginine. Biomaterials, 2014, 35(15): 4508-4516.
10. 台宗光, 朱全刚, 戴子渊, 等. 聚精氨酸及其衍生物作为基因载体应用的研究进展. 药学服务与研究, 2014, 14(5): 328-332.
11. Huang Xiao, Zheng Xi, Xu Zuojuan, et al. ZnO-based nanocarriers for drug delivery application: From passive to smart strategies. Int J Pharm, 2017, 534(1/2): 190-194.
12. Degim I T, Kadioglu D. Cheap, suitable, predictable and manageable nanoparticles for drug delivery: quantum dots. Current Drug Delivery, 2013, 10(1): 32-38.
13. He Z, Zhang P, Li X, et al. A targeted DNAzyme-nanocomposite probe equipped with built-in Zn²⁺ arsenal for combined treatment of gene regulation and drug delivery. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6: 22737.
14. Kim J H, Yoon J Y, Yang S Y, et al. Tyrosinase inhibitory components from Aloe vera and their antiviral activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem, 2017, 32(1): 78-83.
15. Yu Jiao, Wan Kawai, Sun Xun. Improved transdermal delivery of morin efficiently inhibits allergic contact dermatitis. Int J Pharm, 2017, 530(1/2): 145-154.
16. Habib B A, Sayed S, Elsayed G M. Enhanced transdermal delivery of ondansetron using nanovesicular systems: Fabrication, characterization, optimization and ex-vivo permeation study Box-Cox transformation practical example. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2018, 115: 352-361.
17. Ghorani B, Goswami P, Blackburn R S. Enrichment of cellulose acetate nanofibre assemblies for therapeutic delivery of L-tryptophan. Int J Biol Macromol, 2018, 108: 1-8.
18. Abdel-Hafez S M, Hathout R M, Sammour O A. Tracking the transdermal penetration pathways of optimized curcumin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles via confocal laser scanning microscopy. Int J Biol Macromol, 2018, 108: 753-764.
19. Baroli B, Ennas M G, Loffredo F A, et al. Penetration of metallic nanoparticles in human full-thickness skin. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 2007, 127(7): 1701-1712.
20. Mortensen L J, Oberdorster G, Pentland A P. In vivo skin penetration of quantum dot nanoparticles in the murine model: The effect of UVR. Nano Lett, 2008, 8(9): 2779-2787.
21. Ilbasmis-Tamer S, Degim I T. A feasible way to use carbon nanotubes to deliver drug molecules: transdermal application. Expert Opin Drug Deliv, 2012, 9(8): 991-999.
22. Mayr J, Saldias C, Diaz Diaz D. Release of small bioactive molecules from physical gels. Chem Soc Rev, 2018, 47(4): 1484-1515.
23. Huang Xiao, Wang Xiaoying, Wang Sichun, et al. UV and dark-triggered repetitive release and encapsulation of benzophenone-3 from biocompatible ZnO nanoparticles potential for skin protection. Nanoscale, 2013, 5(12): 5596-5601.

Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Synthesis of transdermal aloesin loaded zinc oxide nanoparticles and its inhibitory effect on the activity of tyrosinase

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