Biomechanical analysis of ankle-foot complex during a typical Tai Chi movement−Brush Knee and Twist Step_Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Authors：

CHANG Tongbo ^1,2 , WANG Kuan ^3,4 , HUANG Shangjun ⁴ , WANG Lejun ⁵ , ZHANG Shengnian ² ,  NIU Wenxin ^3,4 , ZHANG Ming ⁶

1. School of Sport and Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730101, P.R.China;
2. School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sports, Shanghai 200438, P.R.China;
3. Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201619, P.R.China;
4. Laboratory of Rehabilitation Engineering & Biomechanics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R.China;
5. Sport and Health Research Center, Physical Education Department, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R.China;
6. Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, P.R.China;

Corresponding author：

NIU Wenxin, Email: niu@tongji.edu.cn

Keywords：

Tai Chi; finite element analysis; Brush Knee and Twist Step; ankle; contact stress

DOI：

10.7507/1001-5515.202003003

Video：

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the biomechanics of ankle cartilage and ligaments during a typical Tai Chi movement–Brush Knee and Twist Step (BKTS). The kinematic and kinetic data were acquired in one experienced male Tai Chi practitioner while performing BKTS and in normal walking. The measured parameters were used as loading and boundary conditions for further finite element analysis. This study showed that the contact stress of the ankle joint during BKTS was generally less than that during walking. However, the maximum tensile force of the anterior talofibular ligament, the calcaneofibular ligament and the posterior talofibular ligament during BKTS was 130 N, 169 N and 89 N, respectively, while it was only 57 N, 119 N and 48 N during walking. Therefore, patients with arthritis of the ankle can properly practice Tai Chi. Practitioners with sprained lateral ligaments of the ankle joint were suggested to properly reduce the ankle movement range during BKTS.

Citation： CHANG Tongbo, WANG Kuan, HUANG Shangjun, WANG Lejun, ZHANG Shengnian, NIU Wenxin, ZHANG Ming. Biomechanical analysis of ankle-foot complex during a typical Tai Chi movement−Brush Knee and Twist Step. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2021, 38(1): 97-104. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.202003003 Copy

1.	黄依杰, 金荣疆, 钟冬灵, 等. 太极拳对中老年人跌倒及平衡功能影响的 Meta 分析. 中国循证医学杂志, 2020, 20(3): 281-288.
2.	肖奇蔚, 叶静, 金荣疆, 等. 太极预防老年跌倒的系统评价再评价. 中国循证医学杂志, 2020, 20(2): 191-198.
3.	Huang S J, Yu X M, Lu Y, et al. Body weight support-Tai Chi footwork for balance of stroke survivors with fear of falling: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 2019, 37: 140-147.
4.	潘晓雨, 黄灵燕, 吕娇娇, 等. 新型太极拳干预对老年女性膝骨关节炎患者下肢肌力和动态平衡影响. 体育科研, 2017, 38(1): 68-71.
5.	Kolasinski S L, Neogi T, Hochberg M C, et al. 2019 American College of Rheumatology/Arthritis Foundation Guideline for the Management of Osteoarthritis of the Hand, Hip, and Knee. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 2020, 72(2): 149-162.
6.	Cruz-Díaz D, Kyung-Min K, Hita-Contreras F, et al. Effects of 12 weeks of Tai Chi intervention in patients with chronic ankle instability: a randomized controlled trial. J Sport Rehabil, 2020, 29(3): 326-331.
7.	Chang Yaoting, Chang Jiahao, Huang Chenfu. Ground reaction force characteristics of Tai Chi push hand. J Sports Sci, 2014, 32(18): 1698-1703.
8.	Wen C, Cao X Y, Zhang Y Y, et al. Knee biomechanics of selected knee unfriendly movement elements in 42-form Tai Chi. Int J Perform Anal Sport, 2018, 18(6): 1050-1066.
9.	Wang N, Zhang X, Xiang Y B, et al. Associations of Tai Chi, walking, and jogging with mortality in Chinese men. Am J Epidemiol, 2013, 178(5): 791-796.
10.	Wu G, Hitt J. Ground contact characteristics of Tai Chi gait. Gait Posture, 2005, 22(1): 32-39.
11.	Wu G. Biomechanical characteristics of stepping in older Tai Chi practitioners. Gait Posture, 2012, 36(3): 361-366.
12.	Athanasiou K A, Niederauer G G, Schenck R C. Biomechanical topography of human ankle cartilage. Ann Biomed Eng, 1995, 23(5): 697-704.
13.	Treppo S, Koepp H, Emerson C Q, et al. Comparison of biomechanical and biochemical properties of cartilage from human knee and ankle pairs. J Orthopaed Res, 2000, 18(5): 739-748.
14.	Duan Jianwei, Wang Kuan, Chang Tongbo, et al. Tai Chi is safe and effective for the hip joint: a biomechanical perspective. J Aging Phys Act, 2020, 28(3): 415-425.
15.	Li Yan, Wang Kuan, Wang Lejun, et al. Biomechanical analysis of the meniscus and cartilage of the knee during a typical Tai Chi movement - brush-knee and twist-step. Math Biosci Eng, 2019, 16(2): 898-908.
16.	Wu G, Liu W, Hitt J, et al. Spatial, temporal and muscle action patterns of Tai Chi gait. J Electromyogr Kinesiol, 2004, 14(3): 343-354.
17.	Kim H D, Je H D, Jeong J H, et al. Tai Chi and its effects on dynamic postural control in the initiation of gait by older people. J Phys Ther Sci, 2012, 24(2): 175-180.
18.	Zorzi E, Nardello F, Fracasso E, et al. A kinematic and metabolic analysis of the first Lu of Tai Chi in experts and beginners. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 2015, 40(10): 1082-1085.
19.	Delp S L, Anderson F C, Arnold A S, et al. OpenSim: Open-source software to create and analyze dynamic simulations of movement. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 2007, 54(11): 1940-1950.
20.	Cheung T M, An K N, Zhang M. Consequences of partial and total plantar fascia release: a finite element study. Foot Ankle Int, 2006, 27(2): 125-132.
21.	Wong W C, Wang Y, Chen L W, et al. Biomechanical consequences of subtalar joint arthroereisis in treating posterior tibial tendon dysfunction: a theoretical analysis using finite element analysis. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin, 2017, 20(14): 1525-1532.
22.	Zhang M, Mak A F T. In vivo friction properties of human skin. Prosthet Orthot Int, 1999, 23(2): 135-141.
23.	Wang Y, Li Z, Zhang M. Biomechanical study of tarsometatarsal joint fusion using finite element analysis. Med Eng Phys, 2014, 36(11): 1394-1400.
24.	Niu W X, Wang L J, Feng T N, et al. Effects of bone Young’s modulus on finite element analysis in the lateral ankle biomechanics. Appl Bion Biomechan, 2013, 10(4): 189-195.
25.	Athanasiou K A, Liu G T, Lavery L A, et al. Biomechanical topography of human articular cartilage in the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1998, 348: 269-281.
26.	Siegler S, Block J, Schneck C D. The mechanical characteristics of the collateral ligaments of the human ankle joint. Foot Ankle, 1988, 8(5): 234-242.
27.	Wright D G, Rennels D C. A study of the elastic properties of plantar fascia. J Bone Joint Surg, 1964, 46(3): 482-492.
28.	Wong W C, Niu W X, Wang Y, et al. Finite element analysis of foot and ankle impact injury: risk evaluation of calcaneus and talus fracture. PLoS One, 2016, 11(4): e0154435.
29.	Anderson D D, Goldsworthy J K, Li W, et al. Physical validation of a patient-specific contact finite element model of the ankle. J Biomech, 2007, 40(8): 1662-1669.
30.	Henak C R, Anderson A E, Weiss J A. Subject-specific analysis of joint contact mechanics: application to the study of osteoarthritis and surgical planning. J Biomech Eng, 2013, 135(2): 021003.

1. 黄依杰, 金荣疆, 钟冬灵, 等. 太极拳对中老年人跌倒及平衡功能影响的 Meta 分析. 中国循证医学杂志, 2020, 20(3): 281-288.
2. 肖奇蔚, 叶静, 金荣疆, 等. 太极预防老年跌倒的系统评价再评价. 中国循证医学杂志, 2020, 20(2): 191-198.
3. Huang S J, Yu X M, Lu Y, et al. Body weight support-Tai Chi footwork for balance of stroke survivors with fear of falling: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 2019, 37: 140-147.
4. 潘晓雨, 黄灵燕, 吕娇娇, 等. 新型太极拳干预对老年女性膝骨关节炎患者下肢肌力和动态平衡影响. 体育科研, 2017, 38(1): 68-71.
5. Kolasinski S L, Neogi T, Hochberg M C, et al. 2019 American College of Rheumatology/Arthritis Foundation Guideline for the Management of Osteoarthritis of the Hand, Hip, and Knee. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 2020, 72(2): 149-162.
6. Cruz-Díaz D, Kyung-Min K, Hita-Contreras F, et al. Effects of 12 weeks of Tai Chi intervention in patients with chronic ankle instability: a randomized controlled trial. J Sport Rehabil, 2020, 29(3): 326-331.
7. Chang Yaoting, Chang Jiahao, Huang Chenfu. Ground reaction force characteristics of Tai Chi push hand. J Sports Sci, 2014, 32(18): 1698-1703.
8. Wen C, Cao X Y, Zhang Y Y, et al. Knee biomechanics of selected knee unfriendly movement elements in 42-form Tai Chi. Int J Perform Anal Sport, 2018, 18(6): 1050-1066.
9. Wang N, Zhang X, Xiang Y B, et al. Associations of Tai Chi, walking, and jogging with mortality in Chinese men. Am J Epidemiol, 2013, 178(5): 791-796.
10. Wu G, Hitt J. Ground contact characteristics of Tai Chi gait. Gait Posture, 2005, 22(1): 32-39.
11. Wu G. Biomechanical characteristics of stepping in older Tai Chi practitioners. Gait Posture, 2012, 36(3): 361-366.
12. Athanasiou K A, Niederauer G G, Schenck R C. Biomechanical topography of human ankle cartilage. Ann Biomed Eng, 1995, 23(5): 697-704.
13. Treppo S, Koepp H, Emerson C Q, et al. Comparison of biomechanical and biochemical properties of cartilage from human knee and ankle pairs. J Orthopaed Res, 2000, 18(5): 739-748.
14. Duan Jianwei, Wang Kuan, Chang Tongbo, et al. Tai Chi is safe and effective for the hip joint: a biomechanical perspective. J Aging Phys Act, 2020, 28(3): 415-425.
15. Li Yan, Wang Kuan, Wang Lejun, et al. Biomechanical analysis of the meniscus and cartilage of the knee during a typical Tai Chi movement - brush-knee and twist-step. Math Biosci Eng, 2019, 16(2): 898-908.
16. Wu G, Liu W, Hitt J, et al. Spatial, temporal and muscle action patterns of Tai Chi gait. J Electromyogr Kinesiol, 2004, 14(3): 343-354.
17. Kim H D, Je H D, Jeong J H, et al. Tai Chi and its effects on dynamic postural control in the initiation of gait by older people. J Phys Ther Sci, 2012, 24(2): 175-180.
18. Zorzi E, Nardello F, Fracasso E, et al. A kinematic and metabolic analysis of the first Lu of Tai Chi in experts and beginners. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 2015, 40(10): 1082-1085.
19. Delp S L, Anderson F C, Arnold A S, et al. OpenSim: Open-source software to create and analyze dynamic simulations of movement. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 2007, 54(11): 1940-1950.
20. Cheung T M, An K N, Zhang M. Consequences of partial and total plantar fascia release: a finite element study. Foot Ankle Int, 2006, 27(2): 125-132.
21. Wong W C, Wang Y, Chen L W, et al. Biomechanical consequences of subtalar joint arthroereisis in treating posterior tibial tendon dysfunction: a theoretical analysis using finite element analysis. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin, 2017, 20(14): 1525-1532.
22. Zhang M, Mak A F T. In vivo friction properties of human skin. Prosthet Orthot Int, 1999, 23(2): 135-141.
23. Wang Y, Li Z, Zhang M. Biomechanical study of tarsometatarsal joint fusion using finite element analysis. Med Eng Phys, 2014, 36(11): 1394-1400.
24. Niu W X, Wang L J, Feng T N, et al. Effects of bone Young’s modulus on finite element analysis in the lateral ankle biomechanics. Appl Bion Biomechan, 2013, 10(4): 189-195.
25. Athanasiou K A, Liu G T, Lavery L A, et al. Biomechanical topography of human articular cartilage in the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1998, 348: 269-281.
26. Siegler S, Block J, Schneck C D. The mechanical characteristics of the collateral ligaments of the human ankle joint. Foot Ankle, 1988, 8(5): 234-242.
27. Wright D G, Rennels D C. A study of the elastic properties of plantar fascia. J Bone Joint Surg, 1964, 46(3): 482-492.
28. Wong W C, Niu W X, Wang Y, et al. Finite element analysis of foot and ankle impact injury: risk evaluation of calcaneus and talus fracture. PLoS One, 2016, 11(4): e0154435.
29. Anderson D D, Goldsworthy J K, Li W, et al. Physical validation of a patient-specific contact finite element model of the ankle. J Biomech, 2007, 40(8): 1662-1669.
30. Henak C R, Anderson A E, Weiss J A. Subject-specific analysis of joint contact mechanics: application to the study of osteoarthritis and surgical planning. J Biomech Eng, 2013, 135(2): 021003.

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