The study on the characteristics of active force of neck muscles under rapid braking conditions_Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Authors：

YUAN Xiaoxia ¹ , LI Fan ² , LEI Kang ² ,  LIU Qiuhong ¹

1. PLA Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

LIU Qiuhong, Email: lqhong2000@163.com

Keywords：

Pilot; Neck muscles; Neck injury; Active contraction force; Electromyography signals

DOI：

10.7507/1001-5515.202301020

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

This paper studies the active force characteristics of the neck muscles under the condition of rapid braking, which can provide theoretical support for reducing the neck injury of pilots when carrier-based aircraft blocks the landing. We carried out static loading and real vehicle braking experiments under rapid braking conditions, collected the active contraction force and electromyography (EMG) signals of neck muscles, and analyzed the response characteristics of neck muscle active force response. The results showed that the head and neck forward tilt time was delayed and the amplitude decreased during neck muscle pre-tightening. The duration of the neck in the extreme position decreased, and the recovery towards the seat direction was faster. The EMG signals of trapezius muscle was higher than sternocleidomastoid muscle. This suggests that pilots can reduce neck injury by pre-tightening the neck muscles during actual braking flight. In addition, we can consider the design of relevant fittings for pre-tightening the neck muscles.

Citation： YUAN Xiaoxia, LI Fan, LEI Kang, LIU Qiuhong. The study on the characteristics of active force of neck muscles under rapid braking conditions. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2023, 40(4): 676-682. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.202301020 Copy

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2.	Lange B, Torp-svendsen J, Toft P. Neck pain among fighter pilots after the introduction of the JHMCS helmet and NVG in their environment. Aviat Space Environ Med, 2011, 82(5): 559-563.
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5.	Kundson R, McMillan D, Doucette D, et al. A comparative study of G-induced injury in pilots of the F/A-18, A-7 and A-4. Aviat Space Environ Med, 1988, 59(8): 758-760.
6.	卢一生, 贾连顺, 丁祖泉. 人体枕颈部三维运动范围的实验研究. 第二军医大学学报, 1994, 15(5): 454-458.
7.	王丹丹. 儿童头部生物力学试验数据分析与试验装置建模研究. 长沙: 湖南大学, 2017.
8.	Shukla D R, Sahu D C, Fitzsimmons J S, et al. The effect of a radial neck notch on press-fit stem stability: a biomechanical study on 7 cadavers. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2018, 27(3): 523-529.
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13.	鲁廷, 王亚伟, 柳松杨. 拦阻着舰过程中飞行员头颈部的动力学响应. 医用生物力学, 2012, 27(6): 642-647.
14.	包佳仪, 王兴伟, 周前祥. 阻拦着舰过程中飞行员颈部的损伤分析与预测. 北京航空航天大学学报, 2019, 45(3): 499-506.
15.	郑则广, 陈荣昌, 李寅环, 等. 胸锁乳突肌肌电的采集方法及其临床意义. 中国实用内科杂志, 2007(16): 1297-1298.
16.	王敬章, 王人成, 蔡付文, 等. 表面肌电信号的时域处理方法// 中国残疾人健康协会2005年国际康复论坛暨第六次全国康复医学工程与康复工程学术研讨会. 西安: 中国残疾人康复协会, 2005: 177-180.
17.	Mertz H J, Patrick L M. Investigation of the kinematics and kinetics of whiplash. SAE Trans, 1968, 76: 2952-2980.
18.	Ono K, Kaneoka K, Wittek A, et al. Cervical injury mechanism based on the analysis of human cervical vertebral motion and head-neck-torso kinematics during low speed rear impacts// 40th Stapp Car Crash Conference. Athens: Stapp Car Crash Conference, 1997, 41: 339-356.
19.	Wismans J, Philippens M, Oorschot E V, et al. Comparison of human volunteer and cadaver head-neck response in frontal flexion. Stapp Car Crash J, 1987, 31(3): 1-13.
20.	Verriest J P, Martin F, Viviani P. Changes in the dynamic behaviour in the head and neck system subjected to a frontal deceleration (-Gx) related to the action of cervical muscles. Publication of Ircobi Secretariat, 1975, 3: 207-219.
21.	Foust D R, Chaffin D B, Snyder R G, et al. Cervical range of motion and dynamic response and strength of cervical muscles. SAE Mobilus, 1973, 82: 285-308.
22.	Magnusson M L, Pope M H, Hasselquist L, et al. Cervical electromyographic activity during low-speed rear impact. Eur Spine J, 1999, 8(2): 118-125.
23.	Moroney S P, Schultz A B, Miller J, et al. Load-displacement properties of lower cervical spine motion segments. J Biomech, 1988, 21(9): 769-779.

1. Riches A, Spatford W, Wichalls J, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis about the prevalence of neck pain in fast jet pilots. Aerosp Med Hum Perf, 2019, 90(10): 882-890.
2. Lange B, Torp-svendsen J, Toft P. Neck pain among fighter pilots after the introduction of the JHMCS helmet and NVG in their environment. Aviat Space Environ Med, 2011, 82(5): 559-563.
3. Wagstaff A S, Jahrk I, Rodskie R S. +Gz-induced spinal symptoms in fighter pilots: operational and individual associated factors. Aviat Space Environ Med, 2012, 83(11): 1092-1096.
4. 柳松杨, 丛红, 王鹤, 等. 军机飞行员的颈部损伤研究. 医用生物力学, 2010, 25(4): 262-265.
5. Kundson R, McMillan D, Doucette D, et al. A comparative study of G-induced injury in pilots of the F/A-18, A-7 and A-4. Aviat Space Environ Med, 1988, 59(8): 758-760.
6. 卢一生, 贾连顺, 丁祖泉. 人体枕颈部三维运动范围的实验研究. 第二军医大学学报, 1994, 15(5): 454-458.
7. 王丹丹. 儿童头部生物力学试验数据分析与试验装置建模研究. 长沙: 湖南大学, 2017.
8. Shukla D R, Sahu D C, Fitzsimmons J S, et al. The effect of a radial neck notch on press-fit stem stability: a biomechanical study on 7 cadavers. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2018, 27(3): 523-529.
9. King A I, Yang K H, Hardy W N. Recent firsts in cadaveric impact biomechanics research. Clin Anat, 2011, 24(3): 294-308.
10. Erbulut D U. Biomechanics of neck injuries resulting from rear-end vehicle collisions. Turk Neurosurg, 2014, 24(4): 466-470.
11. Obaid N, Morioka K, Sinopoulou E, et al. The biomechanical implications of neck position in cervical contusion animal models of SCI. Front Neurol, 2023, 17(6): 115-129.
12. 柯鹏, 诸斌, 柳松杨. 拦阻着舰过程中不同百分位人体颈部损伤风险的差异对比. 医用生物力学, 2018, 33(5): 383-389.
13. 鲁廷, 王亚伟, 柳松杨. 拦阻着舰过程中飞行员头颈部的动力学响应. 医用生物力学, 2012, 27(6): 642-647.
14. 包佳仪, 王兴伟, 周前祥. 阻拦着舰过程中飞行员颈部的损伤分析与预测. 北京航空航天大学学报, 2019, 45(3): 499-506.
15. 郑则广, 陈荣昌, 李寅环, 等. 胸锁乳突肌肌电的采集方法及其临床意义. 中国实用内科杂志, 2007(16): 1297-1298.
16. 王敬章, 王人成, 蔡付文, 等. 表面肌电信号的时域处理方法// 中国残疾人健康协会2005年国际康复论坛暨第六次全国康复医学工程与康复工程学术研讨会. 西安: 中国残疾人康复协会, 2005: 177-180.
17. Mertz H J, Patrick L M. Investigation of the kinematics and kinetics of whiplash. SAE Trans, 1968, 76: 2952-2980.
18. Ono K, Kaneoka K, Wittek A, et al. Cervical injury mechanism based on the analysis of human cervical vertebral motion and head-neck-torso kinematics during low speed rear impacts// 40th Stapp Car Crash Conference. Athens: Stapp Car Crash Conference, 1997, 41: 339-356.
19. Wismans J, Philippens M, Oorschot E V, et al. Comparison of human volunteer and cadaver head-neck response in frontal flexion. Stapp Car Crash J, 1987, 31(3): 1-13.
20. Verriest J P, Martin F, Viviani P. Changes in the dynamic behaviour in the head and neck system subjected to a frontal deceleration (-Gx) related to the action of cervical muscles. Publication of Ircobi Secretariat, 1975, 3: 207-219.
21. Foust D R, Chaffin D B, Snyder R G, et al. Cervical range of motion and dynamic response and strength of cervical muscles. SAE Mobilus, 1973, 82: 285-308.
22. Magnusson M L, Pope M H, Hasselquist L, et al. Cervical electromyographic activity during low-speed rear impact. Eur Spine J, 1999, 8(2): 118-125.
23. Moroney S P, Schultz A B, Miller J, et al. Load-displacement properties of lower cervical spine motion segments. J Biomech, 1988, 21(9): 769-779.

Journal of Biomedical Engineering

The study on the characteristics of active force of neck muscles under rapid braking conditions

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