Study on the difference of high frequency dielectric properties of biological tissues measured by air and packed coaxial probe_Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Authors：

QIN Yangchun ¹ , YANG Lin ² , FU Feng ¹ , DAI Meng ¹ ,  ZHANG Liang ³

1. Department of Military Biomedical Engineering, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, P. R. China;
2. Department of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, P. R. China;
3. Basic Medical Science Academy, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

ZHANG Liang, Email: phyliang@fmmu.edu.cn

Keywords：

Biological tissue; High frequency; Open-ended coaxial probe; Dielectric properties; Equivalent circuit model

DOI：

10.7507/1001-5515.202303066

Video：

Export PDF Favorites Scan Get Citation

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

In this paper, the differences between air probe and filled probe for measuring high-frequency dielectric properties of biological tissues are investigated based on the equivalent circuit model to provide a reference for the methodology of high-frequency measurement of biological tissue dielectric properties. Two types of probes were used to measure different concentrations of NaCl solution in the frequency band of 100 MHz–2 GHz. The results showed that the accuracy and reliability of the calculated results of the air probe were lower than that of the filled probe, especially the dielectric coefficient of the measured material, and the higher the concentration of NaCl solution, the higher the error. By laminating the probe terminal, liquid intrusion could be prevented, to a certain extent, to improve the accuracy of measurement. However, as the frequency decreased, the influence of the film on the measurement increased and the measurement accuracy decreased. The results of the study show that the air probe, despite its simple dimensional design and easy calibration, differs from the conventional equivalent circuit model in actual measurements, and the model needs to be re-corrected for actual use. The filled probe matches the equivalent circuit model better, and therefore has better measurement accuracy and reliability.

Citation： QIN Yangchun, YANG Lin, FU Feng, DAI Meng, ZHANG Liang. Study on the difference of high frequency dielectric properties of biological tissues measured by air and packed coaxial probe. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2023, 40(5): 886-893. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.202303066 Copy

1.	Matković A, Kordić A, Jakovčević A, et al. Complex permittivity of ex-vivo human, bovine and porcine brain tissues in the microwave frequency range. Diagnostics (Basel), 2022, 12(11): 2580-2604.
2.	Tang D, Jiang L, Xiang N, et al. Discrimination of tumor cell type based on cytometric detection of dielectric properties. Talanta, 2022, 246: 123524-123529.
3.	Zhou L, Wang W, Zhai C, et al. Variation in the dielectric properties of freshly excised colorectal cancerous tissues at different tumor stages. Bioelectromagnetics, 2017, 38(7): 522-532.
4.	Kakimoto A, Etoh A, Hirano K, et al. Precise measurement of dielectric properties at frequencies from 1 kHz to 100 MHz. Rev Sci Instrum, 1987, 58(2): 269-275.
5.	Gunasekaran M K, Jayalakshmi Y. Ratio transformer bridge for the measurement of dielectric constant of lossy liquids. J Phys E Sci Instrum, 1989, 22: 1000-1004.
6.	Pilla S, Hamida J A, Sullivan N S. Very high sensitivity ac capacitance bridge for the dielectric study of molecular solids at low temperatures. Rev Sci Instrum, 1999, 70(10): 4055-4058.
7.	Law V J, Kenyon A J, Thornhill N F, et al. A frequency domain measurement diagnostic technique for plasma-tools. Meas Sci Technol, 2004, 15(1): 231-236.
8.	Grant E H, Sheppard R J. The measurement of permittivity of high-loss liquids at microwave frequencies using an unmatched phase changer. J Phys D Appl Phys, 2002, 3(1): 84-90.
9.	Buckmaster H A, Hansen C H, van Kalleveen T H T. Design optimization of a high precision microwave complex permittivity instrumentation system for use with high loss liquids// 7th IEEE Conference on Instrumentation and Measurement Technology. San Jose: IEEE, 1990: 115-118.
10.	Stuchly S S, Bassey C. Microwave coplanar sensors for dielectric measurements. Meas Sci Technol, 1998, 9: 1324-1329.
11.	Jordan B P, Grant E H. Permittivity measurements on low and medium loss liquids using a terminated coaxial line. J Phys D Appl Phys, 1970, 3(7): 1068-1072.
12.	Bahl I J, Gupta H M. Microwave measurement of dielectric constant of liquids and solids using partially loaded slotted waveguide. IEEE T Microw Theory, 1974, 22: 52-54.
13.	Mclaughlin B L, Robertson P A. Miniature open-ended coaxial probes for dielectric spectroscopy applications. J Phys D Appl Phys, 2007, 40: 45-53.
14.	Birnbaum G, Kryder S J, Lyons H. Microwave measurements of the dielectric properties of gases. J Appl Phys, 1951, 22(1): 95-102.
15.	Works C N. Resonant cavities for dielectric measurements. J Appl Phys, 1970, 3: 871-874.
16.	Hamelin J, Mehl J B, Moldover M R. Resonators for accurate dielectric measurements in conducting liquids. Rev Sci Instrum, 1998, 69: 255-260.
17.	Cook H F. Dielectric behavior of some types of human tissues at microwave frequencies. Bri J Appl Phy, 2002, 2(10): 295-302.
18.	Aboyewa O B, Akinleye H B, Wrubel J P, et al. Design of a simple radio frequency circuit for implementing the open-ended coaxial probe method for permittivity measurement. Rev Sci Instrum, 2022, 93(11): 114705-114715.
19.	Liu F H, Huang K M, Wang F, et al. Dielectric properties of 1-methylimidazole at temperatures 298–336 K. Phys Chem Liq, 2016, 60(3): 1-6.
20.	刘洪兴, 程妍妍, 张萌, 等. 2 450 MHz下生物组织介电特性的温度依赖性实验. 生物医学工程学杂志, 2021, 38(4): 703-708.
21.	Xu G, Liu H, Huang Q, et al. Sensitivity investigation of open-ended coaxial probe in skin cancer detection. Phys Eng Sci Med, 2023, 46(3): 609-621.
22.	Aydinalp C, Joof S, Dilman I, et al. Characterization of open-ended coaxial probe sensing depth with respect to aperture size for dielectric property measurement of heterogeneous tissues. Sensors (Basel), 2022, 22(3): 760.
23.	Berezhanska M, Godinho D M, Maló P, et al. Dielectric characterization of healthy human teeth from 0. 5 to 18 GHz with an open-ended coaxial probe. Sensors (Basel), 2023, 23(3): 1617.
24.	Rourke O’, Lazebnik M, Bertram J M, et al. Dielectric properties of human normal, malignant and cirrhotic liver tissue: in vivo and ex vivo measurements from 0. 5 to 20 GHz using a precision open-ended coaxial probe. Phys Med Biol, 2007, 52(15): 4707-4719.
25.	Popovic D, Mccartney L, Beasley C, et al. Precision open-ended coaxial probes for in vivo and ex vivo dielectric spectroscopy of biological tissues at microwave frequencies. IEEE T Microw Theory, 2005, 53(5): 1713-1722.
26.	毛钧杰, 刘荧, 朱建清. 电磁场与微波工程基础. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2004.
27.	Stuchly M A, Stuchly S S. Coaxial line reflection methods for measuring dielectric properties of biological substances at radio and microwave frequencies-a review. IEEE T Instrum Meas, 1980, 29(3): 176-183.
28.	Stogryn A. Equations for calculating the dielectric constant of saline water. IEEE T Microw Theory, 1971, 19(8): 733-736.
29.	Zhang L, Shi X, You F, et al. Improved circuit model of open-ended coaxial probe for measurement of the biological tissue dielectric properties between megahertz and gigahertz. Physiol Meas, 2013, 34(10): N83-96.
30.	孙颖. 基于开端同轴探头法的人体肿瘤组织介电特性测量及自动鉴别研究. 广州: 南方医科大学, 2020.
31.	张亮, 季振宇. 生物组织介电测量分析计算模型对比研究. 微波学报, 2020, 36(6): 70-75, 88.

1. Matković A, Kordić A, Jakovčević A, et al. Complex permittivity of ex-vivo human, bovine and porcine brain tissues in the microwave frequency range. Diagnostics (Basel), 2022, 12(11): 2580-2604.
2. Tang D, Jiang L, Xiang N, et al. Discrimination of tumor cell type based on cytometric detection of dielectric properties. Talanta, 2022, 246: 123524-123529.
3. Zhou L, Wang W, Zhai C, et al. Variation in the dielectric properties of freshly excised colorectal cancerous tissues at different tumor stages. Bioelectromagnetics, 2017, 38(7): 522-532.
4. Kakimoto A, Etoh A, Hirano K, et al. Precise measurement of dielectric properties at frequencies from 1 kHz to 100 MHz. Rev Sci Instrum, 1987, 58(2): 269-275.
5. Gunasekaran M K, Jayalakshmi Y. Ratio transformer bridge for the measurement of dielectric constant of lossy liquids. J Phys E Sci Instrum, 1989, 22: 1000-1004.
6. Pilla S, Hamida J A, Sullivan N S. Very high sensitivity ac capacitance bridge for the dielectric study of molecular solids at low temperatures. Rev Sci Instrum, 1999, 70(10): 4055-4058.
7. Law V J, Kenyon A J, Thornhill N F, et al. A frequency domain measurement diagnostic technique for plasma-tools. Meas Sci Technol, 2004, 15(1): 231-236.
8. Grant E H, Sheppard R J. The measurement of permittivity of high-loss liquids at microwave frequencies using an unmatched phase changer. J Phys D Appl Phys, 2002, 3(1): 84-90.
9. Buckmaster H A, Hansen C H, van Kalleveen T H T. Design optimization of a high precision microwave complex permittivity instrumentation system for use with high loss liquids// 7th IEEE Conference on Instrumentation and Measurement Technology. San Jose: IEEE, 1990: 115-118.
10. Stuchly S S, Bassey C. Microwave coplanar sensors for dielectric measurements. Meas Sci Technol, 1998, 9: 1324-1329.
11. Jordan B P, Grant E H. Permittivity measurements on low and medium loss liquids using a terminated coaxial line. J Phys D Appl Phys, 1970, 3(7): 1068-1072.
12. Bahl I J, Gupta H M. Microwave measurement of dielectric constant of liquids and solids using partially loaded slotted waveguide. IEEE T Microw Theory, 1974, 22: 52-54.
13. Mclaughlin B L, Robertson P A. Miniature open-ended coaxial probes for dielectric spectroscopy applications. J Phys D Appl Phys, 2007, 40: 45-53.
14. Birnbaum G, Kryder S J, Lyons H. Microwave measurements of the dielectric properties of gases. J Appl Phys, 1951, 22(1): 95-102.
15. Works C N. Resonant cavities for dielectric measurements. J Appl Phys, 1970, 3: 871-874.
16. Hamelin J, Mehl J B, Moldover M R. Resonators for accurate dielectric measurements in conducting liquids. Rev Sci Instrum, 1998, 69: 255-260.
17. Cook H F. Dielectric behavior of some types of human tissues at microwave frequencies. Bri J Appl Phy, 2002, 2(10): 295-302.
18. Aboyewa O B, Akinleye H B, Wrubel J P, et al. Design of a simple radio frequency circuit for implementing the open-ended coaxial probe method for permittivity measurement. Rev Sci Instrum, 2022, 93(11): 114705-114715.
19. Liu F H, Huang K M, Wang F, et al. Dielectric properties of 1-methylimidazole at temperatures 298–336 K. Phys Chem Liq, 2016, 60(3): 1-6.
20. 刘洪兴, 程妍妍, 张萌, 等. 2 450 MHz下生物组织介电特性的温度依赖性实验. 生物医学工程学杂志, 2021, 38(4): 703-708.
21. Xu G, Liu H, Huang Q, et al. Sensitivity investigation of open-ended coaxial probe in skin cancer detection. Phys Eng Sci Med, 2023, 46(3): 609-621.
22. Aydinalp C, Joof S, Dilman I, et al. Characterization of open-ended coaxial probe sensing depth with respect to aperture size for dielectric property measurement of heterogeneous tissues. Sensors (Basel), 2022, 22(3): 760.
23. Berezhanska M, Godinho D M, Maló P, et al. Dielectric characterization of healthy human teeth from 0. 5 to 18 GHz with an open-ended coaxial probe. Sensors (Basel), 2023, 23(3): 1617.
24. Rourke O’, Lazebnik M, Bertram J M, et al. Dielectric properties of human normal, malignant and cirrhotic liver tissue: in vivo and ex vivo measurements from 0. 5 to 20 GHz using a precision open-ended coaxial probe. Phys Med Biol, 2007, 52(15): 4707-4719.
25. Popovic D, Mccartney L, Beasley C, et al. Precision open-ended coaxial probes for in vivo and ex vivo dielectric spectroscopy of biological tissues at microwave frequencies. IEEE T Microw Theory, 2005, 53(5): 1713-1722.
26. 毛钧杰, 刘荧, 朱建清. 电磁场与微波工程基础. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2004.
27. Stuchly M A, Stuchly S S. Coaxial line reflection methods for measuring dielectric properties of biological substances at radio and microwave frequencies-a review. IEEE T Instrum Meas, 1980, 29(3): 176-183.
28. Stogryn A. Equations for calculating the dielectric constant of saline water. IEEE T Microw Theory, 1971, 19(8): 733-736.
29. Zhang L, Shi X, You F, et al. Improved circuit model of open-ended coaxial probe for measurement of the biological tissue dielectric properties between megahertz and gigahertz. Physiol Meas, 2013, 34(10): N83-96.
30. 孙颖. 基于开端同轴探头法的人体肿瘤组织介电特性测量及自动鉴别研究. 广州: 南方医科大学, 2020.
31. 张亮, 季振宇. 生物组织介电测量分析计算模型对比研究. 微波学报, 2020, 36(6): 70-75, 88.

Previous Article
Molecular dynamics simulation of force-regulated interaction between glycoprotein Ibα and filamin
Next Article
Oral panorama reconstruction method based on pre-segmentation and Bezier function

Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Study on the difference of high frequency dielectric properties of biological tissues measured by air and packed coaxial probe

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Previous Article

Next Article

Format

Content