<trans-title xml:lang="en"/>_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

 戢艳丽 , 梅小丽 , 杨梅 , 郑希 , 赵雍凡

四川大学华西医院胸外科（成都 610041）;

Corresponding author：

戢艳丽, Email: baxia_-jyl@qq.com

Keywords：

食管癌; 淋巴结; 转移; 治疗进展

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.201511026

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

淋巴结是食管癌转移的主要部位，其淋巴引流区域涉及颈部、胸部和腹部，对其进行有效的检测，对客观、准确评价病情，指导临床选择个体化、多模式的治疗方式，改善食管癌患者的预后至关重要。文章旨在多方位、多角度探讨食管癌转移淋巴结的治疗理念和模式，归纳、总结近年来针对食管癌转移淋巴结的治疗相关的研究进展。

Citation： 戢艳丽, 梅小丽, 杨梅, 郑希, 赵雍凡. . West China Medical Journal, 2017, 32(1): 137-142. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.201511026 Copy

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3.	Zhang HZ, Jin GF, Shen HB. Epidemiologic differences in esophageal cancer between Asian and Western populations. Chin J Cancer, 2012, 31(6): 281-286.
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5.	International Agency For Research On Cancer. Globocan 2012: estimated incidence, mortality and prevalence worldwide in 2012. Lyon: International Agency For Research On Cancer, 2012.
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8.	Kawahara K, Maekawa T, Okabayashi K,et al. The number of lymph node metastases influences survival in esophageal cancer. J Surg Oncol, 1998, 67(3): 160-163.
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10.	Edge SB, Compton CC. The American joint committee on cancer: the 7th edition of the AJCC cancer staging manual and the future of TNM. Ann Surg Oncol, 2010, 17(6): 1471-1474.
11.	Nabeya K, Nakata Y. Extent of resection and lymphadenectomy in early squamous cell esophageal cancer. Dis Esophagus, 1997, 10(3): 159-161.
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1. Lagergren J, Lagergren P. Recent developments in esophageal adenocarcinoma. CA Cancer J Clin, 2013, 63(4): 232-248.
2. Higuchi K, Koizumi W, Tanabe S,et al. Current management of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma in Japan and other countries. Gastrointest Cancer Res, 2009, 3(4): 153-161.
3. Zhang HZ, Jin GF, Shen HB. Epidemiologic differences in esophageal cancer between Asian and Western populations. Chin J Cancer, 2012, 31(6): 281-286.
4. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. National disease surveillance system monitoring causes of death 2010. Beijing: Military Medical Science Press, 2012.
5. International Agency For Research On Cancer. Globocan 2012: estimated incidence, mortality and prevalence worldwide in 2012. Lyon: International Agency For Research On Cancer, 2012.
6. Kayani B, Zacharakis E, Ahmed K,et al. Lymph node metastases and prognosis in oesophageal carcinoma--a systematic review. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2011, 37(9): 747-753.
7. Zhang HL, Chen LQ, Liu RL,et al. The number of lymph node metastases influences survival and International Union Against Cancer tumor-node-metastasis classification for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Dis Esophagus, 2010, 23(1): 53-58.
8. Kawahara K, Maekawa T, Okabayashi K,et al. The number of lymph node metastases influences survival in esophageal cancer. J Surg Oncol, 1998, 67(3): 160-163.
9. Rice TW, Blackstone EH, Rusch VW. 7th edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual: esophagus and esophagogastric junction. Ann Surg Oncol, 2010, 17(7): 1721-1724.
10. Edge SB, Compton CC. The American joint committee on cancer: the 7th edition of the AJCC cancer staging manual and the future of TNM. Ann Surg Oncol, 2010, 17(6): 1471-1474.
11. Nabeya K, Nakata Y. Extent of resection and lymphadenectomy in early squamous cell esophageal cancer. Dis Esophagus, 1997, 10(3): 159-161.
12. Leers JM, Demeester SR, Oezcelik A,et al. The prevalence of lymph node metastases in patients with T1 esophageal adenocarcinoma a retrospective review of esophagectomy specimens. Ann Surg, 2011, 253(2): 271-278.
13. Rice TW. Superficial oesophageal carcinoma: is there a need for three-field lymphadenectomy?. Lancet, 1999, 354(9181): 792-794.
14. Kuge K, Murakami G, Mizobuchi S,et al. Submucosal territory of the direct lymphatic drainage system to the thoracic duct in the human esophagus. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2003, 125(6): 1343-1349.
15. Tachimori Y, Nagai Y, Kanamori N,et al. Pattern of lymph node metastases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma based on the anatomical lymphatic drainage system. Dis Esophagus, 2011, 24(1): 33-38.
16. Riquet M, Saab M, Le Pimpec Barthes F,et al. Lymphatic drainage of the esophagus in the adult. Surg Radiol Anat, 1993, 15(3): 209-211.
17. Rice TW, Zuccaro G, Adelstein DJ,et al. Esophageal carcinoma: depth of tumor invasion is predictive of regional lymph node status. Ann Thorac Surg, 1998, 65(3): 787-792.
18. Crehange G, Bonnetain F, Peignaux K,et al. Preoperative radiochemotherapy for resectable localised oesophageal cancer: a controversial strategy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, 2010, 75(3): 235-242.
19. Kelsen DP, Ginsberg R, Pajak TF,et al. Chemotherapy followed by surgery compared with surgery alone for localized esophageal cancer. N Engl J Med, 1998, 339(27): 1979-1984.
20. Ychou M, Boige V, Pignon JP,et al. Perioperative chemotherapy compared with surgery alone for resectable gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma: an FNCLCC and FFCD multicenter phase Ⅲ trial. J Clin Oncol, 2011, 29(13): 1715-1721.
21. Sjoquist KM, Burmeister BH, Smithers BM,et al. Survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for resectable oesophageal carcinoma: an updated meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol, 2011, 12(7): 681-692.
22. Allum WH, Stenning SP, Bancewicz J,et al. Long-Term results of a randomized trial of surgery with or without preoperative chemotherapy in esophageal cancer. J Clin Oncol, 2009, 27(30): 5062-5067.
23. Ando N, Kato H, Igaki H,et al. A randomized trial comparing postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracilversus preoperative chemotherapy for localized advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus (JCOG9907). Ann Surg Oncol, 2012, 19(1): 68-74.
24. Campbell NP, Villaflor VM. Neoadjuvant treatment of esophageal cancer. World J Gastroenterol, 2010, 16(30): 3793-3803.
25. Gebski V, Burmeister B, Smithers BM,et al. Survival benefits from neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy or chemotherapy in oesophageal carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol, 2007, 8(3): 226-234.
26. Arnott SJ, Duncan W, Gignoux M,et al. Preoperative radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2000(4): CD001799.
27. Wolf MC, Stahl M, Krause BJ,et al. Curative treatment of oesophageal carcinoma: current options and future developments. Radiat Oncol, 2011, 6(6): 55.
28. Urba SG, Orringer MB, Turrisi A,et al. Randomized trial of preoperative chemoradiationversus surgery alone in patients with locoregional esophageal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol, 2001, 19(2): 305-313.
29. van Hagen P, Hulshof M, van Lanschot J,et al. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy for esophageal or junctional cancer. N Engl J Med, 2012, 366(22): 2074-2084.
30. Zacherl J. The current evidence in support of multimodal treatment of locally advanced, potentially resectable esophageal cancer. Dig Dis, 2014, 32(1/2): 171-175.
31. Bosset JF, Gignoux M, Triboulet JP,et al. Chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery compared with surgery alone in squamous-cell cancer of the esophagus. N Engl J Med, 1997, 337(3): 161-167.
32. Lv J, Cao XF, Zhu B,et al. Effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy on prognosis and surgery for esophageal carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol, 2009, 15(39): 4962-4968.
33. Liao ZX, Cox JD, Komaki R. Radiochemotherapy of esophageal cancer. J Thorac Oncol, 2007, 2(6): 553-568.
34. Castoro C, Scarpa M, Cagol M,et al. Nodal metastasis from locally advanced esophageal cancer: how neoadjuvant therapy modifies their frequency and distribution. Ann Surg Oncol, 2011, 18(13): 3743-3754.
35. Stahl M, Walz MK, Stuschke M,et al. Phase Ⅲ comparison of preoperative chemotherapy compared with chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction. J Clin Oncol, 2009, 27(6): 851-856.
36. Altorki NK, Zhou XK, Stiles B,et al. Total number of resected lymph nodes predicts survival in esophageal cancer. Ann Surg, 2008, 248(2): 221-226.
37. Altorki NK. Three-field lymphadenectomy for esophageal cancer. Chest Surg Clin N A, 2000, 10(3): 553-560.
38. Nishihira T, Hirayama K, Mori S. A prospective randomized trial of extended cervical and superior mediastinal lymphadenectomy for carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus. Am J Surg, 1998, 175(1): 47-51.
39. Altorki NK, Skinner DB. Occult cervical nodal metastasis in esophageal cancer: preliminary results of three-field lymphadenectomy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1997, 113(3): 540-544.
40. Lerut T, Nafteux P, Moons J,et al. Three-field lymphadenectomy for carcinoma of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction in 174 R₀ resections: impact on staging, disease-free survival, and outcome: a plea for adaptation of TNM classification in upper-half esophageal carcinoma. Ann Surg, 2004, 240(6): 962-972; discussion 972-974.
41. 方文涛, 陈文虎, 陈勇, 等. 选择性颈胸腹三野淋巴结清扫治疗胸段食管鳞癌. 中华胃肠外科杂志, 2006, 9(5): 388-391.
42. Mariette C, Balon JM, Piessen G,et al. Pattern of recurrence following complete resection of esophageal carcinoma and factors predictive of recurrent disease. Cancer, 2003, 97(7): 1616-1623.
43. Tachibana M, Kinugasa S, Yoshimura H,et al. Clinical outcomes of extended esophagectomy with three-field lymph node dissection for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Surg, 2005, 189(1): 98-109.
44. Law S, Wong J. Two-field dissection is enough for esophageal cancer. Dis Esophagus, 2001, 14(2): 98-103.
45. Nakamura T, Ota M, Narumiya K,et al. Multimodal treatment for lymph node recurrence of esophageal carcinoma after curative resection. Ann Surg Oncol, 2008, 15(9): 2451-2457.
46. Pennathur A, Zhang J, Chen H,et al. The “Best Operation” for Esophageal Cancer?. Ann Thorac Surg, 2010, 89(6): S2163-S2167.
47. Mariette C, Piessen G, Triboulet JP. Therapeutic strategies in oesophageal carcinoma: role of surgery and other modalities. Lancet Oncol, 2007, 8(6): 545-553.
48. Ando N, Iizuka T, Ide H,et al. Surgery plus chemotherapy compared with surgery alone for localized squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus: a Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study——JCOG9204. J Clin Oncol, 2003, 21(24): 4592-4596.
49. Pouliquen X, Levard H, Hay JM,et al. 5-Fluorouracil and cisplatin therapy after palliative surgical resection of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. A multicenter randomized trial. French Associations for Surgical Research. Ann Surg, 1996, 223(2): 127-133.
50. Nagawa H, Seto Y, Kobori O,et al. An experience of treatment for patients with thoracic esophageal cancer invading adjacent organs. Jpn J Clin Oncol, 1997, 27(4): 248-250.
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