胚胎皮肤无瘢痕愈合的研究进展_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

 胡华 ,  岑瑛

四川大学华西医院烧伤整形外科（成都 610041）;

Corresponding author：

岑瑛, Email: cenying0141@163.com

Keywords：

胚胎; 创伤; 无瘢痕愈合

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.20160051

Video：

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早期胚胎皮肤的创伤愈合时间短，伤后无瘢痕遗留，探索其愈合机制对临床防治瘢痕具有重要意义。尽管无瘢痕愈合的发生机制仍不明确，但近年来随着研究的深入，成体与胚胎皮肤创伤愈合过程中所表现出的差异逐渐被发现。现就胚胎成长环境、炎症、细胞因子、细胞外基质、基因表达等方面对胚胎无瘢痕愈合的可能机制作出阐述。

Citation： 胡华, 岑瑛. 胚胎皮肤无瘢痕愈合的研究进展. West China Medical Journal, 2016, 31(1): 184-187. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.20160051 Copy

1.	Burrington JD. Wound healing in the fetal lamb[J]. J Pediatr Surg, 1971, 6(5):523-528.
2.	Longaker MT, Whitby DJ, Ferguson MW, et al. Adult skin wounds in the fetal environment heal with scar formation[J]. Ann Surg, 1994, 219(1):65-72.
3.	夏扬, 张敏, 徐光, 等. 有关瘢痕形成机制研究:不同皮肤成纤维细胞对羊水的反应[J]. 中国临床康复, 2004, 8(32):7190-7191.
4.	李鹏, 王志国. 机械张力参与病理性瘢痕形成的研究进展[J]. 中国美容整形外科杂志, 2013, 24(11):655-657.
5.	Frantz FW, Bettinger DA, Haynes JH, et al. Biology of fetal repair:the presence of bacteria in fetal wounds induces an adult-like healing response[J]. J Pediatr Surg, 1993, 28(3):428-433; discussion 433-434.
6.	Ashcroft GS, Yang X, Glick AB, et al. Mice lacking Smad3 show accelerated wound healing and an impaired local inflammatory response[J]. Nat Cell Biol, 1999, 1(5):260-266.
7.	Thomas BL, Krummel TM, Melang M, et al. Collagen synthesis and type expression by fetal fibroblasts in vitro[J]. Surg Forum, 1988, 39:642.
8.	Clark RAF. Wound repair:overview and general considerations[M]//Clark RAF. The molecular and cellular biology of wound repair. 2nd ed. New York:Plenum Press, 1996:3-50.
9.	章伏生, 陆树良. 肌成纤维细胞在皮肤瘢痕形成过程中的作用[J]. 中华创伤杂志, 2009, 25(12):1106-1109.
10.	Akita S, Akino K, Hirano A. Basic fibroblast growth factor in scarless wound healing[J]. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle), 2013, 2(2): 44-49.
11.	Abe M, Yokoyama Y, Ishikawa O. A possible mechanism of basic fibroblast growth factor-promoted scarless wound healing:the induction of myofibroblast apoptosis[J]. Eur J Dermatol, 2012, 22(1):46-53.
12.	宋慧锋, 柴家科, 林子豪, 等. 胎儿和成人皮肤及其创面愈合过程中碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的表达及意义[J]. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2003, 17(4):298-300.
13.	Krummel TM, Michna BA, Thomas BL, et al. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) induces fibrosis in a fetal wound model[J]. J Pediatr Surg, 1988, 23(7):647-652.
14.	Liechty KW, Adzick NS, Crombleholme TM. Diminished interleukin 6 (IL-6) production during scarless human fetal wound repair[J]. Cytokine, 2000, 12(6):671-676.
15.	Expert Dyslipidemia Panel, Grundy SM. An international atherosclerosis society position paper:global recommendations for the management of dyslipidemia[J]. J Clin Lipidol, 2013, 7(6): 561-565.
16.	Bouabe H, Liu Y, Moser M, et al. Novel highly sensitive IL-10-beta-lactamase reporter mouse reveals cells of the innate immune system as a substantial source of IL-10 in vivo[J]. J Immunol, 2011, 187(6):3165-3176.
17.	Liechty KW, Kim HB, Adzick NS, et al. Fetal wound repair results in scar formation in interleukin-10-deficient mice in a syngeneic murine model of scarless fetal wound repair[J]. J Pediatr Surg, 2000, 35(6):866-872; discussion 872-873.
18.	Leung A, Balaji S, Le LD, et al. Interleukin-10 and hyaluronan are essential to the fetal fibroblast functional phenotype[J]. J Surg Res, 2013, 179(2):257-258.
19.	Antoniades HN, Galanopoulos T, Neville-Golden J, et al. Injury induces in vivo expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and PDGF receptor mRNAs in skin epithelial cells and PDGF mRNA in connective tissue fibroblasts[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1991, 88(2):565-569.
20.	石慧娟, 程基焱. 细胞因子与胚胎皮肤无瘢痕愈合[J]. 四川解剖学杂志, 2008, 16(1):38-41.
21.	Longaker MT, Chiu ES, Adzick NS, et al. Studies in fetal wound healing. V. A prolonged presence of hyaluronic acid characterizes fetal wound fluid[J]. Ann Surg, 1991, 213(4):292-296.
22.	Mast BA, Flood LC, Haynes JH, et al. Hyaluronic acid is a major component of the matrix of fetal rabbit skin and wounds:implications for healing by regeneration[J]. Matrix, 1991, 11(1): 63-68.
23.	Mast BA, Diegelmann RF, Krummel TM, et al. Hyaluronic acid modulates proliferation, collagen and protein synthesis of cultured fetal fibroblasts[J]. Matrix, 1993, 13(6):441-446.
24.	Longaker MT, Whitby DJ, Jennings RW, et al. Fetal diaphragmatic wounds heal with scar formation[J]. J Surg Res, 1991, 50(4): 375-385.
25.	Whitby DJ, Longaker MT, Harrison MR, et al. Rapid epithelialisation of fetal wounds is associated with the early deposition of tenascin[J]. J Cell Sci, 1991, 99(Pt 3):583-586.
26.	Smith LT, Holbrook KA, Madri JA. Collagen types Ⅰ, Ⅲ, and Ⅴ in human embryonic and fetal skin[J]. Am J Anat, 1986, 175(4):507-521.
27.	Cheng J, Yu H, Deng S, et al. MicroRNA profiling in mid- and late-gestational fetal skin:implication for scarless wound healing[J]. Tohoku J Exp Med, 2010, 221(3):203-209.
28.	Suárez Y, Wang C, Manes TD, et al. Cutting edge:TNF-induced microRNAs regulate TNF-induced expression of E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on human endothelial cells:feedback control of inflammation[J]. J Immunol, 2010, 184(1): 21-25.
29.	Colwell AS, Longaker MT, Peter Lorenz H. Identification of differentially regulated genes in fetal wounds during regenerative repair[J]. Wound Repair Regen, 2008, 16(3):450-459.
30.	Lo DD, Zimmermann AS, Nauta A, et al. Scarless fetal skin wound healing update[J]. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today, 2012, 96(3):237-247.
31.	Stelnicki EJ, Arbeit J, Cass DL, et al. Modulation of the human homeobox genes PRX-2 and HOXB13 in scarless fetal wounds[J]. J Invest Dermatol, 1998, 111(1):57-63.
32.	Mack JA, Abramson SR, Ben Y, et al. Hoxb13 knockout adult skin exhibits high levels of hyaluronan and enhanced wound healing[J]. FASEB J, 2003, 17(10):1352-1354.
33.	吴志远, 郭晓瑞, 黄海华, 等. 胎儿和成人皮肤相关基因的差异表达[J]. 中国组织工程研究与临床康复, 2011, 15(2):286-289.
34.	Wang ZL, Inokuchi T, Ikeda H, et al. Collagen-binding heat shock protein HSP47 expression during healing of fetal skin wounds[J]. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2002, 31(2):179-184.
35.	Jantschitsch C, Kindas-Mügge I, Metze D, et al. Expression of the small heat shock protein HSP 27 in developing human skin[J]. Br J Dermatol, 1998, 139(2):247-253.

1. Burrington JD. Wound healing in the fetal lamb[J]. J Pediatr Surg, 1971, 6(5):523-528.
2. Longaker MT, Whitby DJ, Ferguson MW, et al. Adult skin wounds in the fetal environment heal with scar formation[J]. Ann Surg, 1994, 219(1):65-72.
3. 夏扬, 张敏, 徐光, 等. 有关瘢痕形成机制研究:不同皮肤成纤维细胞对羊水的反应[J]. 中国临床康复, 2004, 8(32):7190-7191.
4. 李鹏, 王志国. 机械张力参与病理性瘢痕形成的研究进展[J]. 中国美容整形外科杂志, 2013, 24(11):655-657.
5. Frantz FW, Bettinger DA, Haynes JH, et al. Biology of fetal repair:the presence of bacteria in fetal wounds induces an adult-like healing response[J]. J Pediatr Surg, 1993, 28(3):428-433; discussion 433-434.
6. Ashcroft GS, Yang X, Glick AB, et al. Mice lacking Smad3 show accelerated wound healing and an impaired local inflammatory response[J]. Nat Cell Biol, 1999, 1(5):260-266.
7. Thomas BL, Krummel TM, Melang M, et al. Collagen synthesis and type expression by fetal fibroblasts in vitro[J]. Surg Forum, 1988, 39:642.
8. Clark RAF. Wound repair:overview and general considerations[M]//Clark RAF. The molecular and cellular biology of wound repair. 2nd ed. New York:Plenum Press, 1996:3-50.
9. 章伏生, 陆树良. 肌成纤维细胞在皮肤瘢痕形成过程中的作用[J]. 中华创伤杂志, 2009, 25(12):1106-1109.
10. Akita S, Akino K, Hirano A. Basic fibroblast growth factor in scarless wound healing[J]. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle), 2013, 2(2): 44-49.
11. Abe M, Yokoyama Y, Ishikawa O. A possible mechanism of basic fibroblast growth factor-promoted scarless wound healing:the induction of myofibroblast apoptosis[J]. Eur J Dermatol, 2012, 22(1):46-53.
12. 宋慧锋, 柴家科, 林子豪, 等. 胎儿和成人皮肤及其创面愈合过程中碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的表达及意义[J]. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2003, 17(4):298-300.
13. Krummel TM, Michna BA, Thomas BL, et al. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) induces fibrosis in a fetal wound model[J]. J Pediatr Surg, 1988, 23(7):647-652.
14. Liechty KW, Adzick NS, Crombleholme TM. Diminished interleukin 6 (IL-6) production during scarless human fetal wound repair[J]. Cytokine, 2000, 12(6):671-676.
15. Expert Dyslipidemia Panel, Grundy SM. An international atherosclerosis society position paper:global recommendations for the management of dyslipidemia[J]. J Clin Lipidol, 2013, 7(6): 561-565.
16. Bouabe H, Liu Y, Moser M, et al. Novel highly sensitive IL-10-beta-lactamase reporter mouse reveals cells of the innate immune system as a substantial source of IL-10 in vivo[J]. J Immunol, 2011, 187(6):3165-3176.
17. Liechty KW, Kim HB, Adzick NS, et al. Fetal wound repair results in scar formation in interleukin-10-deficient mice in a syngeneic murine model of scarless fetal wound repair[J]. J Pediatr Surg, 2000, 35(6):866-872; discussion 872-873.
18. Leung A, Balaji S, Le LD, et al. Interleukin-10 and hyaluronan are essential to the fetal fibroblast functional phenotype[J]. J Surg Res, 2013, 179(2):257-258.
19. Antoniades HN, Galanopoulos T, Neville-Golden J, et al. Injury induces in vivo expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and PDGF receptor mRNAs in skin epithelial cells and PDGF mRNA in connective tissue fibroblasts[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1991, 88(2):565-569.
20. 石慧娟, 程基焱. 细胞因子与胚胎皮肤无瘢痕愈合[J]. 四川解剖学杂志, 2008, 16(1):38-41.
21. Longaker MT, Chiu ES, Adzick NS, et al. Studies in fetal wound healing. V. A prolonged presence of hyaluronic acid characterizes fetal wound fluid[J]. Ann Surg, 1991, 213(4):292-296.
22. Mast BA, Flood LC, Haynes JH, et al. Hyaluronic acid is a major component of the matrix of fetal rabbit skin and wounds:implications for healing by regeneration[J]. Matrix, 1991, 11(1): 63-68.
23. Mast BA, Diegelmann RF, Krummel TM, et al. Hyaluronic acid modulates proliferation, collagen and protein synthesis of cultured fetal fibroblasts[J]. Matrix, 1993, 13(6):441-446.
24. Longaker MT, Whitby DJ, Jennings RW, et al. Fetal diaphragmatic wounds heal with scar formation[J]. J Surg Res, 1991, 50(4): 375-385.
25. Whitby DJ, Longaker MT, Harrison MR, et al. Rapid epithelialisation of fetal wounds is associated with the early deposition of tenascin[J]. J Cell Sci, 1991, 99(Pt 3):583-586.
26. Smith LT, Holbrook KA, Madri JA. Collagen types Ⅰ, Ⅲ, and Ⅴ in human embryonic and fetal skin[J]. Am J Anat, 1986, 175(4):507-521.
27. Cheng J, Yu H, Deng S, et al. MicroRNA profiling in mid- and late-gestational fetal skin:implication for scarless wound healing[J]. Tohoku J Exp Med, 2010, 221(3):203-209.
28. Suárez Y, Wang C, Manes TD, et al. Cutting edge:TNF-induced microRNAs regulate TNF-induced expression of E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on human endothelial cells:feedback control of inflammation[J]. J Immunol, 2010, 184(1): 21-25.
29. Colwell AS, Longaker MT, Peter Lorenz H. Identification of differentially regulated genes in fetal wounds during regenerative repair[J]. Wound Repair Regen, 2008, 16(3):450-459.
30. Lo DD, Zimmermann AS, Nauta A, et al. Scarless fetal skin wound healing update[J]. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today, 2012, 96(3):237-247.
31. Stelnicki EJ, Arbeit J, Cass DL, et al. Modulation of the human homeobox genes PRX-2 and HOXB13 in scarless fetal wounds[J]. J Invest Dermatol, 1998, 111(1):57-63.
32. Mack JA, Abramson SR, Ben Y, et al. Hoxb13 knockout adult skin exhibits high levels of hyaluronan and enhanced wound healing[J]. FASEB J, 2003, 17(10):1352-1354.
33. 吴志远, 郭晓瑞, 黄海华, 等. 胎儿和成人皮肤相关基因的差异表达[J]. 中国组织工程研究与临床康复, 2011, 15(2):286-289.
34. Wang ZL, Inokuchi T, Ikeda H, et al. Collagen-binding heat shock protein HSP47 expression during healing of fetal skin wounds[J]. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2002, 31(2):179-184.
35. Jantschitsch C, Kindas-Mügge I, Metze D, et al. Expression of the small heat shock protein HSP 27 in developing human skin[J]. Br J Dermatol, 1998, 139(2):247-253.

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