Advances of laparoscopy in diagnosis and treatment of acute abdomen: understanding from the consensus of European Association for Endoscopic Surgery_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

CHEN Xinzu , SONG Xiaohai , BAI Dan ,  HU Jiankun

Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

HU Jiankun, Email: hujkwch@126.com

Keywords：

Laparoscopy; Acute abdomen; Guideline; Standard; Consensus

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.201710008

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Laparoscopy has become a commonly used approach to diagnosis and treatment of acute abdomen, and it has good diagnostic value and therapeutic effect in selective cases. It should be practiced by experienced surgeons in laparoscopic surgery and emergency abdominal surgery. Hemodynamic instability, severe abdominal distension, fecal peritonitis, and tumor perforation are contraindications to laparoscopy. In recent years, more and more acute abdominal diseases can be successfully treated by laparoscopy. Randomized controlled trials have proved the laparoscopic treatment in acute appendicitis, acute cholecystitis, peptic ulcer perforation, acute gynecological diseases was comparable to open surgery, and had advantages of fewer complications and faster postoperative recovery. The utilization of laparoscopy in other diseases such as blunt and penetrating abdominal trauma, small intestinal obstruction, and diverticulitis with perforation remains controversial, and needs more randomized controlled trials to investigate the feasibility of laparoscopic surgery.

Citation： CHEN Xinzu, SONG Xiaohai, BAI Dan, HU Jiankun. Advances of laparoscopy in diagnosis and treatment of acute abdomen: understanding from the consensus of European Association for Endoscopic Surgery. West China Medical Journal, 2017, 32(12): 1835-1840. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.201710008 Copy

1.	Navez B, Navez J. Laparoscopy in the acute abdomen. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol, 2014, 28(1): 3-17.
2.	Sauerland S, Agresta F, Bergamaschi R, et al. Laparoscopy for abdominal emergencies: evidence-based guidelines of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery. Surg Endosc, 2006, 20(1): 14-29.
3.	Agresta F, Ansaloni L, Baiocchi G L, et al. Laparoscopic approach to acute abdomen from the Consensus Development Conference of the Societa Italiana di Chirurgia Endoscopica e nuove tecnologie (SICE), Associazione Chirurghi Ospedalieri Italiani (ACOI), Societa Italiana di Chirurgia (SIC), Societa Italiana di Chirurgia d’Urgenza e del Trauma (SICUT), Societa Italiana di Chirurgia nell’Ospedalita Privata (SICOP), and the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES). Surg Endosc, 2012, 26(8): 2134-2164.
4.	Flum DR, Koepsell T. The clinical and economic correlates of misdiagnosed appendicitis: nationwide analysis. Arch Surg, 2002, 137(7): 799-804, 804.
5.	Fingerhut A, Millat B, Borrie F. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy: time to decide. World J Surg, 1999, 23(8): 835-845.
6.	Barrat C, Catheline J M, Rizk N, et al. Does laparoscopy reduce the incidence of unnecessary appendicectomies?. Surg Laparosc Endosc, 1999, 9(1): 27-31.
7.	Moberg AC, Montgomery A. Introducing diagnostic laparoscopy for patients with suspected acute appendicitis. Surg Endosc, 2000, 14(10): 942-947.
8.	Li X, Zhang J, Sang L, et al. Laparoscopic versus conventional appendectomy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Gastroenterol, 2010, 10: 129.
9.	Gorter RR, Eker HH, Gorter-Stam MA, et al. Diagnosis and management of acute appendicitis. EAES consensus development conference 2015. Surg Endosc, 2016, 30(11): 4668-4690.
10.	Mason RJ, Moazzez A, Moroney JR, et al. Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy in obese patients: outcomes using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. J Am Coll Surg, 2012, 215(1): 88-100.
11.	Masoomi H, Nguyen NT, Dolich MO, et al. Comparison of laparoscopic versus open appendectomy for acute nonperforated and perforated appendicitis in the obese population. Am J Surg, 2011, 202(6): 733-739.
12.	Markides G, Subar D, Riyad K. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in adults with complicated appendicitis: systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Surg, 2010, 34(9): 2026-2040.
13.	Thomson JE, Kruger D, Jann-Kruger C, et al. Laparoscopic versus open surgery for complicated appendicitis: a randomized controlled trial to prove safety. Surg Endosc, 2015, 29(7): 2027-2032.
14.	Csikesz N, Ricciardi R, Tseng JF, et al. Current status of surgical management of acute cholecystitis in the United States. World J Surg, 2008, 32(10): 2230-2236.
15.	Coccolini F, Catena F, Pisano M, et al. Open versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg, 2015, 18: 196-204.
16.	Manning RG, Aziz AQ. Should laparoscopic cholecystectomy be practiced in the developing world? The experience of the first training program in Afghanistan. Ann Surg, 2009, 249(5): 794-798.
17.	Ye H, Chen XZ, Mukherjee R, et al. Should laparoscopic cholecystectomy be practiced in the developing world?. Ann Surg, 2010, 251(2): 388-389.
18.	Zhang L, Sah B, Ma J, et al. A prospective, randomized, controlled, trial comparing occult-scar incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy and classic three-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc, 2014, 28(4): 1131-1135.
19.	Wilson E, Gurusamy K, Gluud C, et al. Cost-utility and value-of-information analysis of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. Br J Surg, 2010, 97(2): 210-219.
20.	Roulin D, Saadi A, Di Mare L, et al. Early versus delayed cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis, are the 72 hours still the rule? A randomized trial. Ann Surg, 2016, 264(5): 717-722.
21.	Golash V, Willson PD. Early laparoscopy as a routine procedure in the management of acute abdominal pain: a review of 1, 320 patients. Surg Endosc, 2005, 19(7): 882-885.
22.	Almeida FD, Oliveira LJ, Amaral VF. Accuracy of laparoscopy for assessing patients with endometriosis. Sao Paulo Med J, 2008, 126(6): 305-308.
23.	Morino M, Pellegrino L, Castagna E, et al. Acute nonspecific abdominal pain: a randomized, controlled trial comparing early laparoscopy versus clinical observation. Ann Surg, 2006, 244(6): 881-888.
24.	Ng CS, Watson CJ, Palmer CR, et al. Evaluation of early abdominopelvic computed tomography in patients with acute abdominal pain of unknown cause: prospective randomised study. BMJ, 2002, 325(7377): 1387.
25.	Decadt B, Sussman L, Lewis MP, et al. Randomized clinical trial of early laparoscopy in the management of acute non-specific abdominal pain. Br J Surg, 1999, 86(11): 1383-1386.
26.	Dominguez LC, Sanabria A, Vega V, et al. Early laparoscopy for the evaluation of nonspecific abdominal pain: a critical appraisal of the evidence. Surg Endosc, 2011, 25(1): 10-18.
27.	Stefanidis D, Richardson WS, Chang L, et al. The role of diagnostic laparoscopy for acute abdominal conditions: an evidence-based review. Surg Endosc, 2009, 23(1): 16-23.
28.	Hainaux B, Agneessens E, Bertinotti R, et al. Accuracy of MDCT in predicting site of gastrointestinal tract perforation. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2006, 187(5): 1179-1183.
29.	Chen CH, Huang HS, Yang CC, et al. The features of perforated peptic ulcers in conventional computed tomography. Hepatogastroenterology, 2001, 48(41): 1393-1396.
30.	Lau H. Laparoscopic repair of perforated peptic ulcer: a meta-analysis. Surg Endosc, 2004, 18(7): 1013-1021.
31.	Sommer T, Elbroend H, Friis-Andersen H. Laparoscopic repair of perforated ulcer in Western Denmark - a retrospective study. Scand J Surg, 2010, 99(3): 119-121.
32.	Zhou C, Wang W, Wang J, et al. An updated meta-analysis of laparoscopic versus open repair for perforated peptic ulcer. Sci Rep, 2015, 5: 13976.
33.	Ge B, Wu M, Chen Q, et al. A prospective randomized controlled trial of laparoscopic repair versus open repair for perforated peptic ulcers. Surgery, 2016, 159(2): 451-458.
34.	Lau WY, Leung KL, Kwong KH, et al. A randomized study comparing laparoscopic versus open repair of perforated peptic ulcer using suture or sutureless technique. Ann Surg, 1996, 224(2): 131-138.
35.	Lunevicius R, Morkevicius M. Systematic review comparing laparoscopic and open repair for perforated peptic ulcer. Br J Surg, 2005, 92(10): 1195-1207.
36.	Tan S, Wu G, Zhuang Q, et al. Laparoscopic versus open repair for perforated peptic ulcer: a meta analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Surg, 2016, 33 Pt A: 124-132.
37.	Byrge N, Barton RG, Enniss TM, et al. Laparoscopic versus open repair of perforated gastroduodenal ulcer: a National Surgical Quality Improvement Program analysis. Am J Surg, 2013, 206(6): 957-963.
38.	Randial PL, Fernando PJ, Aldana DG. The safety of early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (<48 hours) for patients with mild gallstone pancreatitis: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. Cir Esp, 2014, 92(2): 107-113.
39.	Wu XD, Tian X, Liu MM, et al. Meta-analysis comparing early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. Br J Surg, 2015, 102(11): 1302-1313.
40.	Zafar SN, Obirieze A, Adesibikan B, et al. Optimal time for early laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. JAMA Surg, 2015, 150(2): 129-136.
41.	Cirocchi R, Trastulli S, Desiderio J, et al. Minimally invasive necrosectomy versus conventional surgery in the treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis: a systematic review and a meta-analysis of comparative studies. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech, 2013, 23(1): 8-20.
42.	Chen XZ, Wei T, Jiang K, et al. Etiological factors and mortality of acute intestinal obstruction: a review of 705 cases. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao, 2008, 6(10): 1010-1016.
43.	Cavaliere D, Schirru A, Caristo I, et al. Laparoscopic management of small-bowel obstruction. Chir Ital, 2005, 57(2): 215-220.
44.	Iorgulescu A, Iorgulescu R, Iordache M, et al. Laparoscopic surgery for small bowel obstruction. Chirurgia (Bucur), 2006, 101(3): 313-318.
45.	Khaikin M, Schneidereit N, Cera S, et al. Laparoscopic vs. open surgery for acute adhesive small-bowel obstruction: patients’ outcome and cost-effectiveness. Surg Endosc, 2007, 21(5): 742-746.
46.	Kelly KN, Iannuzzi JC, Rickles AS, et al. Laparotomy for small-bowel obstruction: first choice or last resort for adhesiolysis? A laparoscopic approach for small-bowel obstruction reduces 30-day complications. Surg Endosc, 2014, 28(1): 65-73.
47.	Wiggins T, Markar SR, Harris A. Laparoscopic adhesiolysis for acute small bowel obstruction: systematic review and pooled analysis. Surg Endosc, 2015, 29(12): 3432-3442.
48.	Nordin A, Freedman J. Laparoscopic versus open surgical management of small bowel obstruction: an analysis of clinical outcomes. Surg Endosc, 2016, 30(10): 4454-4463.
49.	Hori Y. Diagnostic laparoscopy guidelines: this guideline was prepared by the SAGES Guidelines Committee and reviewed and approved by the Board of Governors of the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES), November 2007. Surg Endosc, 2008, 22(5): 1353-1383.
50.	Farinella E, Cirocchi R, La Mura F, et al. Feasibility of laparoscopy for small bowel obstruction. World J Emerg Surg, 2009, 4: 3.
51.	Zago M, Mariani D, Kurihara H, et al. Selection criteria analysis for laparoscopic treatment of small bowel obstruction on a 100 patients series. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg, 2010, 36: 120.
52.	Leppaniemi A, Haapiainen R. Diagnostic laparoscopy in abdominal stab wounds: a prospective, randomized study. J Trauma, 2003, 55(4): 636-645.
53.	Chol YB, Lim KS. Therapeutic laparoscopy for abdominal trauma. Surg Endosc, 2003, 17(3): 421-427.
54.	Lee PC, Lo C, Wu JM, et al. Laparoscopy decreases the laparotomy rate in hemodynamically stable patients with blunt abdominal trauma. Surg Innov, 2014, 21(2): 155-165.
55.	Brandt LJ, Boley SJ. AGA technical review on intestinal ischemia. American Gastrointestinal Association. Gastroenterology, 2000, 118(5): 954-968.
56.	Tilsed JV, Casamassima A, Kurihara H, et al. ESTES guidelines: acute mesenteric ischaemia. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg, 2016, 42(2): 253-270.
57.	Menke J. Diagnostic accuracy of multidetector CT in acute mesenteric ischemia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Radiology, 2010, 256(1): 93-101.

1. Navez B, Navez J. Laparoscopy in the acute abdomen. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol, 2014, 28(1): 3-17.
2. Sauerland S, Agresta F, Bergamaschi R, et al. Laparoscopy for abdominal emergencies: evidence-based guidelines of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery. Surg Endosc, 2006, 20(1): 14-29.
3. Agresta F, Ansaloni L, Baiocchi G L, et al. Laparoscopic approach to acute abdomen from the Consensus Development Conference of the Societa Italiana di Chirurgia Endoscopica e nuove tecnologie (SICE), Associazione Chirurghi Ospedalieri Italiani (ACOI), Societa Italiana di Chirurgia (SIC), Societa Italiana di Chirurgia d’Urgenza e del Trauma (SICUT), Societa Italiana di Chirurgia nell’Ospedalita Privata (SICOP), and the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES). Surg Endosc, 2012, 26(8): 2134-2164.
4. Flum DR, Koepsell T. The clinical and economic correlates of misdiagnosed appendicitis: nationwide analysis. Arch Surg, 2002, 137(7): 799-804, 804.
5. Fingerhut A, Millat B, Borrie F. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy: time to decide. World J Surg, 1999, 23(8): 835-845.
6. Barrat C, Catheline J M, Rizk N, et al. Does laparoscopy reduce the incidence of unnecessary appendicectomies?. Surg Laparosc Endosc, 1999, 9(1): 27-31.
7. Moberg AC, Montgomery A. Introducing diagnostic laparoscopy for patients with suspected acute appendicitis. Surg Endosc, 2000, 14(10): 942-947.
8. Li X, Zhang J, Sang L, et al. Laparoscopic versus conventional appendectomy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Gastroenterol, 2010, 10: 129.
9. Gorter RR, Eker HH, Gorter-Stam MA, et al. Diagnosis and management of acute appendicitis. EAES consensus development conference 2015. Surg Endosc, 2016, 30(11): 4668-4690.
10. Mason RJ, Moazzez A, Moroney JR, et al. Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy in obese patients: outcomes using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. J Am Coll Surg, 2012, 215(1): 88-100.
11. Masoomi H, Nguyen NT, Dolich MO, et al. Comparison of laparoscopic versus open appendectomy for acute nonperforated and perforated appendicitis in the obese population. Am J Surg, 2011, 202(6): 733-739.
12. Markides G, Subar D, Riyad K. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in adults with complicated appendicitis: systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Surg, 2010, 34(9): 2026-2040.
13. Thomson JE, Kruger D, Jann-Kruger C, et al. Laparoscopic versus open surgery for complicated appendicitis: a randomized controlled trial to prove safety. Surg Endosc, 2015, 29(7): 2027-2032.
14. Csikesz N, Ricciardi R, Tseng JF, et al. Current status of surgical management of acute cholecystitis in the United States. World J Surg, 2008, 32(10): 2230-2236.
15. Coccolini F, Catena F, Pisano M, et al. Open versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg, 2015, 18: 196-204.
16. Manning RG, Aziz AQ. Should laparoscopic cholecystectomy be practiced in the developing world? The experience of the first training program in Afghanistan. Ann Surg, 2009, 249(5): 794-798.
17. Ye H, Chen XZ, Mukherjee R, et al. Should laparoscopic cholecystectomy be practiced in the developing world?. Ann Surg, 2010, 251(2): 388-389.
18. Zhang L, Sah B, Ma J, et al. A prospective, randomized, controlled, trial comparing occult-scar incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy and classic three-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc, 2014, 28(4): 1131-1135.
19. Wilson E, Gurusamy K, Gluud C, et al. Cost-utility and value-of-information analysis of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. Br J Surg, 2010, 97(2): 210-219.
20. Roulin D, Saadi A, Di Mare L, et al. Early versus delayed cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis, are the 72 hours still the rule? A randomized trial. Ann Surg, 2016, 264(5): 717-722.
21. Golash V, Willson PD. Early laparoscopy as a routine procedure in the management of acute abdominal pain: a review of 1, 320 patients. Surg Endosc, 2005, 19(7): 882-885.
22. Almeida FD, Oliveira LJ, Amaral VF. Accuracy of laparoscopy for assessing patients with endometriosis. Sao Paulo Med J, 2008, 126(6): 305-308.
23. Morino M, Pellegrino L, Castagna E, et al. Acute nonspecific abdominal pain: a randomized, controlled trial comparing early laparoscopy versus clinical observation. Ann Surg, 2006, 244(6): 881-888.
24. Ng CS, Watson CJ, Palmer CR, et al. Evaluation of early abdominopelvic computed tomography in patients with acute abdominal pain of unknown cause: prospective randomised study. BMJ, 2002, 325(7377): 1387.
25. Decadt B, Sussman L, Lewis MP, et al. Randomized clinical trial of early laparoscopy in the management of acute non-specific abdominal pain. Br J Surg, 1999, 86(11): 1383-1386.
26. Dominguez LC, Sanabria A, Vega V, et al. Early laparoscopy for the evaluation of nonspecific abdominal pain: a critical appraisal of the evidence. Surg Endosc, 2011, 25(1): 10-18.
27. Stefanidis D, Richardson WS, Chang L, et al. The role of diagnostic laparoscopy for acute abdominal conditions: an evidence-based review. Surg Endosc, 2009, 23(1): 16-23.
28. Hainaux B, Agneessens E, Bertinotti R, et al. Accuracy of MDCT in predicting site of gastrointestinal tract perforation. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2006, 187(5): 1179-1183.
29. Chen CH, Huang HS, Yang CC, et al. The features of perforated peptic ulcers in conventional computed tomography. Hepatogastroenterology, 2001, 48(41): 1393-1396.
30. Lau H. Laparoscopic repair of perforated peptic ulcer: a meta-analysis. Surg Endosc, 2004, 18(7): 1013-1021.
31. Sommer T, Elbroend H, Friis-Andersen H. Laparoscopic repair of perforated ulcer in Western Denmark - a retrospective study. Scand J Surg, 2010, 99(3): 119-121.
32. Zhou C, Wang W, Wang J, et al. An updated meta-analysis of laparoscopic versus open repair for perforated peptic ulcer. Sci Rep, 2015, 5: 13976.
33. Ge B, Wu M, Chen Q, et al. A prospective randomized controlled trial of laparoscopic repair versus open repair for perforated peptic ulcers. Surgery, 2016, 159(2): 451-458.
34. Lau WY, Leung KL, Kwong KH, et al. A randomized study comparing laparoscopic versus open repair of perforated peptic ulcer using suture or sutureless technique. Ann Surg, 1996, 224(2): 131-138.
35. Lunevicius R, Morkevicius M. Systematic review comparing laparoscopic and open repair for perforated peptic ulcer. Br J Surg, 2005, 92(10): 1195-1207.
36. Tan S, Wu G, Zhuang Q, et al. Laparoscopic versus open repair for perforated peptic ulcer: a meta analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Surg, 2016, 33 Pt A: 124-132.
37. Byrge N, Barton RG, Enniss TM, et al. Laparoscopic versus open repair of perforated gastroduodenal ulcer: a National Surgical Quality Improvement Program analysis. Am J Surg, 2013, 206(6): 957-963.
38. Randial PL, Fernando PJ, Aldana DG. The safety of early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (<48 hours) for patients with mild gallstone pancreatitis: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. Cir Esp, 2014, 92(2): 107-113.
39. Wu XD, Tian X, Liu MM, et al. Meta-analysis comparing early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. Br J Surg, 2015, 102(11): 1302-1313.
40. Zafar SN, Obirieze A, Adesibikan B, et al. Optimal time for early laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. JAMA Surg, 2015, 150(2): 129-136.
41. Cirocchi R, Trastulli S, Desiderio J, et al. Minimally invasive necrosectomy versus conventional surgery in the treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis: a systematic review and a meta-analysis of comparative studies. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech, 2013, 23(1): 8-20.
42. Chen XZ, Wei T, Jiang K, et al. Etiological factors and mortality of acute intestinal obstruction: a review of 705 cases. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao, 2008, 6(10): 1010-1016.
43. Cavaliere D, Schirru A, Caristo I, et al. Laparoscopic management of small-bowel obstruction. Chir Ital, 2005, 57(2): 215-220.
44. Iorgulescu A, Iorgulescu R, Iordache M, et al. Laparoscopic surgery for small bowel obstruction. Chirurgia (Bucur), 2006, 101(3): 313-318.
45. Khaikin M, Schneidereit N, Cera S, et al. Laparoscopic vs. open surgery for acute adhesive small-bowel obstruction: patients’ outcome and cost-effectiveness. Surg Endosc, 2007, 21(5): 742-746.
46. Kelly KN, Iannuzzi JC, Rickles AS, et al. Laparotomy for small-bowel obstruction: first choice or last resort for adhesiolysis? A laparoscopic approach for small-bowel obstruction reduces 30-day complications. Surg Endosc, 2014, 28(1): 65-73.
47. Wiggins T, Markar SR, Harris A. Laparoscopic adhesiolysis for acute small bowel obstruction: systematic review and pooled analysis. Surg Endosc, 2015, 29(12): 3432-3442.
48. Nordin A, Freedman J. Laparoscopic versus open surgical management of small bowel obstruction: an analysis of clinical outcomes. Surg Endosc, 2016, 30(10): 4454-4463.
49. Hori Y. Diagnostic laparoscopy guidelines: this guideline was prepared by the SAGES Guidelines Committee and reviewed and approved by the Board of Governors of the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES), November 2007. Surg Endosc, 2008, 22(5): 1353-1383.
50. Farinella E, Cirocchi R, La Mura F, et al. Feasibility of laparoscopy for small bowel obstruction. World J Emerg Surg, 2009, 4: 3.
51. Zago M, Mariani D, Kurihara H, et al. Selection criteria analysis for laparoscopic treatment of small bowel obstruction on a 100 patients series. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg, 2010, 36: 120.
52. Leppaniemi A, Haapiainen R. Diagnostic laparoscopy in abdominal stab wounds: a prospective, randomized study. J Trauma, 2003, 55(4): 636-645.
53. Chol YB, Lim KS. Therapeutic laparoscopy for abdominal trauma. Surg Endosc, 2003, 17(3): 421-427.
54. Lee PC, Lo C, Wu JM, et al. Laparoscopy decreases the laparotomy rate in hemodynamically stable patients with blunt abdominal trauma. Surg Innov, 2014, 21(2): 155-165.
55. Brandt LJ, Boley SJ. AGA technical review on intestinal ischemia. American Gastrointestinal Association. Gastroenterology, 2000, 118(5): 954-968.
56. Tilsed JV, Casamassima A, Kurihara H, et al. ESTES guidelines: acute mesenteric ischaemia. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg, 2016, 42(2): 253-270.
57. Menke J. Diagnostic accuracy of multidetector CT in acute mesenteric ischemia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Radiology, 2010, 256(1): 93-101.

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Advances of laparoscopy in diagnosis and treatment of acute abdomen: understanding from the consensus of European Association for Endoscopic Surgery

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