Interpretation of the 2018 Update to the American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care: The Use of Antiarrhythmic Drugs During Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support and Immediately after Restoration of Spontaneous Circulation in Patients with Cardiac Arrest_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

 CAO Yu ^1,2 , LI Dongze ^1,2 , YU Haifang ^1,2 , JIANG Yaowen ^1,2 , YE Sheng ^1,2 , HAO Di ^1,2 , CAO Jingshi ^1,2 , LI Ruixin ^1,2

1. Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Emergency Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;
2. Disaster Medical Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

CAO Yu, Email: yuyuer@126.com

Keywords：

American Heart Association; Antiarrhythmic drugs; Shock-refractory ventricular fibrillation; Pulseless ventricular tachycardia; Advanced cardiovascular life support; Cardiac arrest

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.201811067

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American Heart Association (AHA) updated the advanced cardiovascular life support use of antiarrhythmic drugs during and immediately after cardiac arrest in the AHA guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care in November 2018. Based on the latest progress of relative evidence-based clinical evidence and 2015 AHA guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and cardiovascular emergency cardiovascular care. This update gave recommends on the use of antiarrhythmic drugs during resuscitation from adult shock-refractory ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia (pVT) cardiac arrest and immediately after restoration of spontaneous circulation following shock-refractory VF/pVT cardiac arrest, respectively. This review aims to interpret this update by reviewing the literature and comparing the recommends in this update with other guidelines.

Citation： CAO Yu, LI Dongze, YU Haifang, JIANG Yaowen, YE Sheng, HAO Di, CAO Jingshi, LI Ruixin. Interpretation of the 2018 Update to the American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care: The Use of Antiarrhythmic Drugs During Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support and Immediately after Restoration of Spontaneous Circulation in Patients with Cardiac Arrest. West China Medical Journal, 2018, 33(11): 1352-1355. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.201811067 Copy

1.	Panchal AR, Berg KM, Kudenchuk PJ, et al. 2018 American Heart Association focused update on advanced cardiovascular life support use of antiarrhythmic drugs during and immediately after cardiac arrest: an update to the American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation, 2018. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000613.
2.	Kudenchuk PJ, Brown SP, Daya M, et al. Amiodarone, lidocaine, or placebo in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med, 2016, 374(18): 1711-1722.
3.	Kudenchuk PJ, Cobb LA, Copass MK, et al. Amiodarone for resuscitation after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation. N Engl J Med, 1999, 341(12): 871-878.
4.	Dorian P, Cass D, Schwartz B, et al. Amiodarone as compared with lidocaine for shock-resistant ventricular fibrillation. N Engl J Med, 2002, 346(12): 884-890.
5.	Sanfilippo F, Corredor C, Santonocito C, et al. Amiodarone or lidocaine for cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation, 2016, 107: 31-37.
6.	Fatovich DM, Prentice DA, Dobb GJ. Magnesium in cardiac arrest (the MAGIC trial). Resuscitation, 1997, 35(3): 237-241.
7.	Hassan TB, Jagger C, Barnett DB. A randomised trial to investigate the efficacy of magnesium sulphate for refractory ventricular fibrillation. Emerg Med J, 2002, 19(1): 57-62.
8.	Tzivoni D, Banai S, Schuger C, et al. Treatment of torsade de pointes with magnesium sulfate. Circulation, 1988, 77(2): 392-397.
9.	Zoerner F, Lennmyr F, Wiklund L, et al. Milrinone and esmolol decrease cardiac damage after resuscitation from prolonged cardiac arrest. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 2015, 59(4): 465-474.
10.	Skrifvars MB, Pettilä V, Rosenberg PH, et al. A multiple logistic regression analysis of in-hospital factors related to survival at six months in patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation. Resuscitation, 2003, 59(3): 319-328.
11.	Lee YH, Lee KJ, Min YH, et al. Refractory ventricular fibrillation treated with esmolol. Resuscitation, 2016, 107: 150-155.
12.	Driver BE, Debaty G, Plummer DW, et al. Use of esmolol after failure of standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation to treat patients with refractory ventricular fibrillation. Resuscitation, 2014, 85(10): 1337-1341.
13.	Kudenchuk PJ, Newell C, White LA, et al. Prophylactic lidocaine for post resuscitation care of patients with out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest. Resuscitation, 2013, 84(11): 1512-1518.
14.	Soar J, Donnino MW, Maconochie I, et al. 2018 international consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations summary. 2018. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000611.

1. Panchal AR, Berg KM, Kudenchuk PJ, et al. 2018 American Heart Association focused update on advanced cardiovascular life support use of antiarrhythmic drugs during and immediately after cardiac arrest: an update to the American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation, 2018. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000613.
2. Kudenchuk PJ, Brown SP, Daya M, et al. Amiodarone, lidocaine, or placebo in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med, 2016, 374(18): 1711-1722.
3. Kudenchuk PJ, Cobb LA, Copass MK, et al. Amiodarone for resuscitation after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation. N Engl J Med, 1999, 341(12): 871-878.
4. Dorian P, Cass D, Schwartz B, et al. Amiodarone as compared with lidocaine for shock-resistant ventricular fibrillation. N Engl J Med, 2002, 346(12): 884-890.
5. Sanfilippo F, Corredor C, Santonocito C, et al. Amiodarone or lidocaine for cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation, 2016, 107: 31-37.
6. Fatovich DM, Prentice DA, Dobb GJ. Magnesium in cardiac arrest (the MAGIC trial). Resuscitation, 1997, 35(3): 237-241.
7. Hassan TB, Jagger C, Barnett DB. A randomised trial to investigate the efficacy of magnesium sulphate for refractory ventricular fibrillation. Emerg Med J, 2002, 19(1): 57-62.
8. Tzivoni D, Banai S, Schuger C, et al. Treatment of torsade de pointes with magnesium sulfate. Circulation, 1988, 77(2): 392-397.
9. Zoerner F, Lennmyr F, Wiklund L, et al. Milrinone and esmolol decrease cardiac damage after resuscitation from prolonged cardiac arrest. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 2015, 59(4): 465-474.
10. Skrifvars MB, Pettilä V, Rosenberg PH, et al. A multiple logistic regression analysis of in-hospital factors related to survival at six months in patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation. Resuscitation, 2003, 59(3): 319-328.
11. Lee YH, Lee KJ, Min YH, et al. Refractory ventricular fibrillation treated with esmolol. Resuscitation, 2016, 107: 150-155.
12. Driver BE, Debaty G, Plummer DW, et al. Use of esmolol after failure of standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation to treat patients with refractory ventricular fibrillation. Resuscitation, 2014, 85(10): 1337-1341.
13. Kudenchuk PJ, Newell C, White LA, et al. Prophylactic lidocaine for post resuscitation care of patients with out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest. Resuscitation, 2013, 84(11): 1512-1518.
14. Soar J, Donnino MW, Maconochie I, et al. 2018 international consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations summary. 2018. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000611.

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