Development of pulmonary rehabilitation and future prospect_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

 XIE Yuxiao , LU Xi , DUAN Yajing , SITU Xuanming

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

XIE Yuxiao, Email: xiaoxiao303009@163.com

Keywords：

Pulmonary rehabilitation; Chronic respiratory diseases; Current situation

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.201903245

Video：

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Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a comprehensive intervention to the chronic respiratory diseases, that its benefits in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been well established. Localization of PR in China is one of the key health strategies as there are nearly 100 million patients with COPD which causes huge disease burden. In addition, the evidence of PR for patients with other chronic respiratory diseases and post-thoracic surgery should be accumulated too. Now clinician, patients, and policy makers have few recognition of PR, which needs large-scaled standardized training and popularizing. This article starts with the definition of PR, reviews its population, implementation, settings, as well as the current situation of PR in our country in order to make clinicians, researchers, and policy makers have better understanding of PR and to make some suggestions on direction of the future research and clinical work.

Citation： XIE Yuxiao, LU Xi, DUAN Yajing, SITU Xuanming. Development of pulmonary rehabilitation and future prospect. West China Medical Journal, 2019, 34(5): 498-502. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.201903245 Copy

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2.	Troosters T, Blondeel A, Janssens W, et al. The past, present and future of pulmonary rehabilitation. Respirology, 2019.
3.	Nagami S, Oku Y, Yagi N, et al. Breathing-swallowing discoordination is associated with frequent exacerbations of COPD. BMJ Open Respir Res, 2017, 4(1): e000202.
4.	GBD 2017 DALYs and HALE Collaborators. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet, 2018, 392(10159): 1859-1922.
5.	Puhan MA, Gimeno-Santos E, Scharplatz M, et al. Pulmonary rehabilitation following exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2011(10): CD005305.
6.	McCarthy B, Casey D, Devane D, et al. Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2015(2): CD003793.
7.	Wedzicha JA, Miravitlles M, Hurst JR, et al. Management of COPD exacerbations: a European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society guideline. Eur Respir J, 2017, 49(3): 1600791.
8.	Spruit MA, Singh SJ, Rochester CL, et al. Pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with COPD during and after an exacerbation-related hospitalisation: back to the future?. Eur Respir J, 2018, 51: 1701312.
9.	Rochester CL, Fairburn C, Crouch RH. Pulmonary rehabilitation for respiratory disorders other than chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Chest Med, 2014, 35(2): 369-389.
10.	Lee AL, Hill CJ, McDonald CF, et al. Pulmonary rehabilitation in individuals with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: a systematic review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 2017, 98(4): 774-782.e1.
11.	Brunelli A, Kim AW, Berger KI, et al. Physiologic evaluation of the patient with lung cancer being considered for resectional surgery: Diagnosis and management of lung cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest, 2013, 143(Suppl 5): e166S-e190S.
12.	Wensel R, Opitz CF, Anker SD, et al. Assessment of survival in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension: importance of cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Circulation, 2002, 106(3): 319-24.
13.	Kawut SM, O’Shea MK, Bartels MN, et al. Exercise testing determines survival in patients with diffuse parenchymal lung disease evaluated for lung transplantation. Respir Med, 2005, 99(11): 1431-1439.
14.	Walsh JR, Chambers DC, Hopkins PM. The emerging importance of skeletal muscle function in assessing candidates for transplantation. Transplantation, 2017, 101(9): 1967-1968.
15.	Desveaux L, Janaudis-Ferreira T, Goldstein R, et al. An international comparison of pulmonary rehabilitation: a systematic review. COPD, 2015, 12(2): 144-153.
16.	Wang C, Xu J, Yang L, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China (the China Pulmonary Health [CPH] study): a national cross-sectional study. Lancet, 2018, 391(10131): 1706-1717.
17.	中华医学会, 中华医学会杂志社, 中华医学会全科医学分会, 等. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病基层诊疗指南(2018年). 中华全科医师杂志, 2018, 17(11): 1671-7368.
18.	陈小东, 金仙桥, 李敏, 等. 对上海市肺科医师肺康复知识水平的调查分析. 中国呼吸与危重监护杂志, 2012, 11(4): 375-377.
19.	刘妮, 郑则广, 胡杰英, 等. 2016年中国肺康复网上调查结果分析. 国际呼吸杂志, 2018, 38(2): 114-117.
20.	李春玉, 唐雪莲, 倪文琼, 等. 社区护士对慢性阻塞性肺疾病及肺康复管理认知现状调查. 中国医药导报, 2017, 14(33): 74-77, 85.
21.	王婧, 汪欧阳. 对心肺疾病住院患者心肺康复认知状况的调查与分析. 中国社会医学杂志, 2018, 35(6): 655-657.
22.	Gueell MR, Cejudo P, Ortega F, et al. Benefits of long-term pulmonary rehabilitation maintenance program in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease three-year follow-up. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2017, 195(5): 622-629.
23.	Spencer LM, Mckeough ZJ. Maintaining the benefits following pulmonary rehabilitation: achievable or not?. Respirology, 2019, 35: 571-577.
24.	Alison JA, McKeough ZJ, Johnston K, et al. Lung foundation Australia and the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand Australian and New Zealand pulmonary rehabilitation guidelines. Respirology, 2017, 22: 800-819.
25.	Franssen FME, Alison JA. Rehabilitation in chronic respiratory diseases: live your life to the max. Respirology, 2019.
26.	Rochester CL, Vogiatzis I, Holland AE, et al. An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Societypolicy statement: enhancing implementation, use, and delivery of pulmonary rehabilitation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2015, 192(11): 1373-1386.
27.	Casaburi R. Whither pulmonary rehabilitation? Will alternative modes help or hurt?. Eur Respir J, 2018, 52: 1801678.
28.	Spruit MA, Pitta F, Garvey C, et al. Differences in content and organizational aspects of pulmonary rehabilitation programmes. Eur Respir J, 2014, 43(5): 1326-1337.

1. Spruit MA, Singh SJ, Garvey C, et al. An official American Thoracic Society/ European Respiratory Society statement: key concepts and advances in pulmonary rehabilitation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2013, 188(8): e13-e64.
2. Troosters T, Blondeel A, Janssens W, et al. The past, present and future of pulmonary rehabilitation. Respirology, 2019.
3. Nagami S, Oku Y, Yagi N, et al. Breathing-swallowing discoordination is associated with frequent exacerbations of COPD. BMJ Open Respir Res, 2017, 4(1): e000202.
4. GBD 2017 DALYs and HALE Collaborators. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet, 2018, 392(10159): 1859-1922.
5. Puhan MA, Gimeno-Santos E, Scharplatz M, et al. Pulmonary rehabilitation following exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2011(10): CD005305.
6. McCarthy B, Casey D, Devane D, et al. Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2015(2): CD003793.
7. Wedzicha JA, Miravitlles M, Hurst JR, et al. Management of COPD exacerbations: a European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society guideline. Eur Respir J, 2017, 49(3): 1600791.
8. Spruit MA, Singh SJ, Rochester CL, et al. Pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with COPD during and after an exacerbation-related hospitalisation: back to the future?. Eur Respir J, 2018, 51: 1701312.
9. Rochester CL, Fairburn C, Crouch RH. Pulmonary rehabilitation for respiratory disorders other than chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Chest Med, 2014, 35(2): 369-389.
10. Lee AL, Hill CJ, McDonald CF, et al. Pulmonary rehabilitation in individuals with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: a systematic review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 2017, 98(4): 774-782.e1.
11. Brunelli A, Kim AW, Berger KI, et al. Physiologic evaluation of the patient with lung cancer being considered for resectional surgery: Diagnosis and management of lung cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest, 2013, 143(Suppl 5): e166S-e190S.
12. Wensel R, Opitz CF, Anker SD, et al. Assessment of survival in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension: importance of cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Circulation, 2002, 106(3): 319-24.
13. Kawut SM, O’Shea MK, Bartels MN, et al. Exercise testing determines survival in patients with diffuse parenchymal lung disease evaluated for lung transplantation. Respir Med, 2005, 99(11): 1431-1439.
14. Walsh JR, Chambers DC, Hopkins PM. The emerging importance of skeletal muscle function in assessing candidates for transplantation. Transplantation, 2017, 101(9): 1967-1968.
15. Desveaux L, Janaudis-Ferreira T, Goldstein R, et al. An international comparison of pulmonary rehabilitation: a systematic review. COPD, 2015, 12(2): 144-153.
16. Wang C, Xu J, Yang L, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China (the China Pulmonary Health [CPH] study): a national cross-sectional study. Lancet, 2018, 391(10131): 1706-1717.
17. 中华医学会, 中华医学会杂志社, 中华医学会全科医学分会, 等. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病基层诊疗指南(2018年). 中华全科医师杂志, 2018, 17(11): 1671-7368.
18. 陈小东, 金仙桥, 李敏, 等. 对上海市肺科医师肺康复知识水平的调查分析. 中国呼吸与危重监护杂志, 2012, 11(4): 375-377.
19. 刘妮, 郑则广, 胡杰英, 等. 2016年中国肺康复网上调查结果分析. 国际呼吸杂志, 2018, 38(2): 114-117.
20. 李春玉, 唐雪莲, 倪文琼, 等. 社区护士对慢性阻塞性肺疾病及肺康复管理认知现状调查. 中国医药导报, 2017, 14(33): 74-77, 85.
21. 王婧, 汪欧阳. 对心肺疾病住院患者心肺康复认知状况的调查与分析. 中国社会医学杂志, 2018, 35(6): 655-657.
22. Gueell MR, Cejudo P, Ortega F, et al. Benefits of long-term pulmonary rehabilitation maintenance program in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease three-year follow-up. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2017, 195(5): 622-629.
23. Spencer LM, Mckeough ZJ. Maintaining the benefits following pulmonary rehabilitation: achievable or not?. Respirology, 2019, 35: 571-577.
24. Alison JA, McKeough ZJ, Johnston K, et al. Lung foundation Australia and the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand Australian and New Zealand pulmonary rehabilitation guidelines. Respirology, 2017, 22: 800-819.
25. Franssen FME, Alison JA. Rehabilitation in chronic respiratory diseases: live your life to the max. Respirology, 2019.
26. Rochester CL, Vogiatzis I, Holland AE, et al. An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Societypolicy statement: enhancing implementation, use, and delivery of pulmonary rehabilitation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2015, 192(11): 1373-1386.
27. Casaburi R. Whither pulmonary rehabilitation? Will alternative modes help or hurt?. Eur Respir J, 2018, 52: 1801678.
28. Spruit MA, Pitta F, Garvey C, et al. Differences in content and organizational aspects of pulmonary rehabilitation programmes. Eur Respir J, 2014, 43(5): 1326-1337.

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