A preliminary study on the relationship between alcohol consumption and oral flora of middle-aged and elderly men from the core area of southwestern China_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

WU Kunpeng ¹ , ZHAO Xunying ¹ , LIU Qi ² , ZHOU Tinghui ³ , ZHANG Wei ³ , YANG Fan ³ , ZHAO Xing ¹ , HU Xiuying ⁴ ,  ZHAO Huiling ⁵ , ZUO Haojiang ^2,4

1. Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health / West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;
2. Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health / West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;
3. West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;
4. West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;
5. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

ZHAO Huiling, Email: 15710087@163.com

Keywords：

Middle-aged and elderly men; Oral microbiota; 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequencing; Excessive drinking biomarkers; Peptostreptococcus

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.201910096

Video：

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Objective To analyze the effects of alcohol consumption on oral flora of middle-aged and elderly men from the core area of southwestern China, and explore the relationship between excessive-alcohol-consumption-related flora and alcohol-related cancer.Methods From March to June 2018, saliva samples of target subjects were collected for 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, and a questionnaire survey which took drinking history of each participant as the target variable was conducted. According to the amount of alcohol consumed, the subjects were divided into non-drinking group, moderate-drinking group, and excessive-drinking group. The microbial analysis of α diversity, analysis of group difference of oral flora abundance, bacterial function prediction, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve model prediction were carried out.Results A total of 59 subjects were included. There were 23 cases (39.0%) in the non-drinking group, 23 cases (39.0%) in the moderate-drinking group, and 13 cases (22.0%) in the excessive-drinking group. The average age was (61.90±8.85) years. Excessive drinking increased the abundance of oral flora (P<0.05), and could change the abundance of specific genus such as Peptostreptococcus and TM7［G-6］ (P<0.05) and regulate cancer-related pathways (P<0.05). ROC analysis found that a panel of three genus oral bacteria such as TM7［G-6］ might effectively distinguish the non-drinking group from the excessive-drinking group (area under curve=0.915).Conclusions Genus of Peptostreptococcus and TM7_［G-6］ are the potential oral flora biomarkers for the excessive-drinking of target subjects. Some excessive drinking-related flora are closely related to oral cancer.

Citation： WU Kunpeng, ZHAO Xunying, LIU Qi, ZHOU Tinghui, ZHANG Wei, YANG Fan, ZHAO Xing, HU Xiuying, ZHAO Huiling, ZUO Haojiang. A preliminary study on the relationship between alcohol consumption and oral flora of middle-aged and elderly men from the core area of southwestern China. West China Medical Journal, 2021, 36(2): 230-237. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.201910096 Copy

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16.	Michelsen CF, Pedas P, Glaring MA, et al. Bacterial diversity in Greenlandic soils as affected by potato cropping and inorganic versus organic fertilization. Polar Biol, 2014, 37: 61-71.
17.	中华人民共和国卫生部疾病控制司. 中国成人超重和肥胖症预防控制指南. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2006.
18.	Kim BR, Shin J, Guevarra R, et al. Deciphering diversity indices for a better understanding of microbial communities. J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2017, 27(12): 2089-2093.
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20.	Hajian-Tilaki K. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for medical diagnostic test evaluation. Caspian J Intern Med, 2013, 4(2): 627-635.
21.	Ren Z, Jiang J, Xie H, et al. Gut microbial profile analysis by MiSeq sequencing of pancreatic carcinoma patients in China. Oncotarget, 2017, 8(56): 95176-95191.
22.	Raju SC, Lagström S, Ellonen P, et al. Gender-specific associations between saliva microbiota and body size. Front Microbiol, 2019, 10: 767.
23.	Priyanka K, Sudhir KM, Reddy VCS, et al. Impact of alcohol dependency on oral health - a cross-sectional comparative study. J Clin Diagn Res, 2017, 11(6): ZC43-ZC46.
24.	Khairnar MR, Wadgave U, Khairnar SM. Effect of alcoholism on oral health: a review. J Alcohol Drug Depend, 2017, 5(3): 1000266.
25.	Wang SS, Lay S, Yu HN, et al. Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents (2016): comments and comparisons. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B, 2016, 17(9): 649-656.
26.	U. S. Department of Agriculture and U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dietary guidelines for Americans 2010. (2010-12-01)[2019-10-10]. https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/sites/default/files/2019-05/DietaryGuidelines2010.pdf.
27.	Pushalkar S, Mane SP, Ji XJ, et al. Microbial diversity in saliva of oral squamous cell carcinoma. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 2011, 61(3): 269-277.
28.	Tanabe SI, Bodet C, Grenier D. Peptostreptococcus micros cell wall elicits a pro-inflammatory response in human macrophages. J Endotoxin Res, 2007, 13(4): 219-226.

1. Burton R, Sheron N. No level of alcohol consumption improves health. Lancet, 2018, 392(10152): 987-988.
2. Wood AM, Kaptoge S, Butterworth AS, et al. Risk thresholds for alcohol consumption: combined analysis of individual-participant data for 599 912 current drinkers in 83 prospective studies. Lancet, 2018, 391(10129): 1513-1523.
3. Millwood IY, Walters RG, Mei XW, et al. Conventional and genetic evidence on alcohol and vascular disease aetiology: a prospective study of 500 000 men and women in China. Lancet, 2019, 393(10183): 1831-1842.
4. Bagnardi V, Rota M, Botteri E, et al. Alcohol consumption and site-specific cancer risk: a comprehensive dose-response meta-analysis. Br J Cancer, 2015, 112(3): 580-593.
5. Lee WH, Chen HM, Yang SF, et al. Bacterial alterations in salivary microbiota and their association in oral cancer. Sci Rep, 2017, 7(1): 16540.
6. 许晓丽, 赵丽云, 房红芸, 等. 2010-2012 年中国 15 岁及以上居民饮酒状况. 卫生研究, 2016, 45(4): 534-537, 567.
7. Chattopadhyay I, Verma M, Panda M. Role of oral microbiome signatures in diagnosis and prognosis of oral cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat, 2019, 18: 1533033819867354.
8. Zhao H, Chu M, Huang Z, et al. Variations in oral microbiota associated with oral cancer. Sci Rep, 2017, 7(1): 11773.
9. Fan X, Peters BA, Jacobs EJ, et al. Drinking alcohol is associated with variation in the human oral microbiome in a large study of American adults. Microbiome, 2018, 24(1): 59.
10. Börnigen D, Ren B, Pickard R, et al. Alterations in oral bacterial communities are associated with risk factors for oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Sci Rep, 2017, 7(1): 17686.
11. Thomas AM, Gleber-Netto FO, Fernandes GR, et al. Alcohol and tobacco consumption affects bacterial richness in oral cavity mucosa biofilms. BMC Microbiol, 2014, 3(4): 250.
12. Zhou M, Wang H, Zeng XY, et al. Mortality, morbidity, and risk factors in China and its provinces, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet, 2019, 394(10204): 1145-1158.
13. Almeida A. Mitchell AL, Boland M, et al A new genomic blueprint of the human gut microbiota. Nature, 2019, 568(7753): 499-504.
14. 中国营养学会. 中国居民膳食指南(2016). 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2016.
15. Zhao X, Hong F, Yin JZ, et al. Cohort profile: the China Multi-Ethnic cohort (CMEC) study. Int J Epidemiol, 2020: dyaa185.
16. Michelsen CF, Pedas P, Glaring MA, et al. Bacterial diversity in Greenlandic soils as affected by potato cropping and inorganic versus organic fertilization. Polar Biol, 2014, 37: 61-71.
17. 中华人民共和国卫生部疾病控制司. 中国成人超重和肥胖症预防控制指南. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2006.
18. Kim BR, Shin J, Guevarra R, et al. Deciphering diversity indices for a better understanding of microbial communities. J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2017, 27(12): 2089-2093.
19. Lozupone C, Lladser ME, Knights D, et al. UniFrac: an effective distance metric for microbial community comparison. ISME J, 2011, 5(2): 169-172.
20. Hajian-Tilaki K. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for medical diagnostic test evaluation. Caspian J Intern Med, 2013, 4(2): 627-635.
21. Ren Z, Jiang J, Xie H, et al. Gut microbial profile analysis by MiSeq sequencing of pancreatic carcinoma patients in China. Oncotarget, 2017, 8(56): 95176-95191.
22. Raju SC, Lagström S, Ellonen P, et al. Gender-specific associations between saliva microbiota and body size. Front Microbiol, 2019, 10: 767.
23. Priyanka K, Sudhir KM, Reddy VCS, et al. Impact of alcohol dependency on oral health - a cross-sectional comparative study. J Clin Diagn Res, 2017, 11(6): ZC43-ZC46.
24. Khairnar MR, Wadgave U, Khairnar SM. Effect of alcoholism on oral health: a review. J Alcohol Drug Depend, 2017, 5(3): 1000266.
25. Wang SS, Lay S, Yu HN, et al. Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents (2016): comments and comparisons. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B, 2016, 17(9): 649-656.
26. U. S. Department of Agriculture and U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dietary guidelines for Americans 2010. (2010-12-01)[2019-10-10]. https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/sites/default/files/2019-05/DietaryGuidelines2010.pdf.
27. Pushalkar S, Mane SP, Ji XJ, et al. Microbial diversity in saliva of oral squamous cell carcinoma. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 2011, 61(3): 269-277.
28. Tanabe SI, Bodet C, Grenier D. Peptostreptococcus micros cell wall elicits a pro-inflammatory response in human macrophages. J Endotoxin Res, 2007, 13(4): 219-226.

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