Basic, clinical and rehabilitation of coronavirus disease 2019_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

QI Yue ^1,2 , ZHANG Jianmei ^1,2 , JIANG Hongying ^1,2 , LI Lei ^1,2 , YANG Mengxuan ^1,2 , YU Pengming ^1,2 , XIE Wei ^1,2 , YANG Yonghong ^1,2 , HE Hongchen ^1,2 , WEI Quan ^1,2 ,  HE Chengqi ^1,2

1. Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;
2. Rehabilitation Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

HE Chengqi, Email: hxkfhcq@126.com

Keywords：

Coronavirus disease 2019; Key points of knowledge; Rehabilitation treatment

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.202004042

Video：

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Since its discovery in early 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly around the world and is now a global challenge. As early respiratory rehabilitation can improve the patient’s respiratory function and quality of life, it deserves proper attention. Aimed to provide reference for the clinical rehabilitation, this paper summarizes the rehabilitation goals, rehabilitation treatments, nutrition therapy and psychotherapy for different types of COVID-19, on the basis of brief describing the etiological, pathological mechanism, clinical features and medical treatment.

Citation： QI Yue, ZHANG Jianmei, JIANG Hongying, LI Lei, YANG Mengxuan, YU Pengming, XIE Wei, YANG Yonghong, HE Hongchen, WEI Quan, HE Chengqi. Basic, clinical and rehabilitation of coronavirus disease 2019. West China Medical Journal, 2021, 36(1): 19-23. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.202004042 Copy

1.	World Health Organization. Archived: WHO Timeline - COVID-19.(2020-04-27)[2020-04-30]. https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/27-04-2020-who-timeline--covid-19.
2.	Liu K, Zhang W, Yang Y, et al. Respiratory rehabilitation in elderly patients with COVID-19: A randomized controlled study. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 2020, 5(39): 101166.
3.	Forni D, Cagliani R, Clerici M, et al. Molecular evolution of human coronavirus genomes. Trends Microbiol, 2017, 25(1): 35-48.
4.	国家卫生健康委办公厅. 新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案(试行第七版). (2020-03-03)[2020-04-02]. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/xcs/zhengcwj/202003/46c9294a7dfe4cef80dc7f5912eb1989.shtml.
5.	Chan JF, Yuan SF, Kin-Hang K, et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet, 2020, 395(1223): 514-523.
6.	Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature, 2020, 579(7798): 270-273.
7.	Zhu H, Guo Q, Li M, et al. Host and infectivity prediction of Wuhan 2019 novel coronavirus using deep learning algorithm. (2020-01-21)[2020-04-02]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.21.914044.
8.	Xiao K, Zhai J, Feng Y, et al. Isolation and characterization of 2019-nCoV-like coronavirus from malayan pangolins. (2020-02-20)[2020-04-02]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.17.951335.
9.	Chen HJ, Juanjuan G, Chen W, et al. Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records. Lancet, 2020, 395(1226): 809-815.
10.	刘茜, 王荣帅, 屈国强, 等. 新型冠状病毒肺炎死亡尸体系统解剖大体观察报告. 法医学杂志, 2020, 36(1): 21-23.
11.	Xu Z, Lei S, Wang YJ, et al. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med, 2020, 8(4): 420-422.
12.	Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet, 2020, 395(1223): 497-506.
13.	Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in wuhan, China. JAMA, 2020, 323(11): 1061-1069.
14.	Letko M, Marzi A, Munster V. Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineageB betacoronaviruses. Nat Microbiol, 2020, 5(4): 562-569.
15.	Zhang H, Kang ZJ. The digestive system is a potential route of 2019-nCov infection: a bioinformatics analysis based on single-cell transcriptomes. (2020-01-31)[2020-04-02]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.30.927806.
16.	Fan CB, Kai L. ACE2 expression in kidney and testis May cause kidney and testis damage after 2019-nCoV infection. (2020-02-13)[2020-04-02]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.12.20022418.
17.	To KKW, Tsang OTY, Leung WS, et al. Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis, 2020, 20(5): 565-574.
18.	国务院新闻办公室. 国务院新闻办公室2020年1月22日新闻发布会介绍新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎防控工作有关情况.(2020-01-22)[2020-04-02]. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/xwzb/webcontroller.do?titleSeq=11208&gecstype=1.
19.	Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med, 2020, 382(18): 1708-1720.
20.	Wu ZY, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72?314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA, 2020, 323(13): 1239-1242.
21.	陈韬, 陈广, 郭威, 等. 新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗快速指南(第三版). 医药导报, 2020, 39(03): 305-307.
22.	李太生, 曹玮, 翁利, 等. 北京协和医院关于"新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎"诊疗建议方案(V2.0). 中华内科杂志, 2020(3): 186-188.
23.	赵建平, 胡轶, 杜荣辉, 等. 新型冠状病毒肺炎糖皮质激素使用的建议. 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2020, 43(3): 183-184.
24.	Zhen L, Ming W, Jiwei Y, et al. Caution on Kidney Dysfunctions of COVID-19 Patients. (2020-03-27)[2020-04-02]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.08.20021212.
25.	Li GD, Clercq ED. Therapeutic options for the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Nat Rev Drug Discov, 2020, 19(3): 149-150.
26.	Shen C, Wang ZQ, Zhao F, et al. Treatment of 5 critically ill patients with COVID-19 with convalescent plasma. JAMA, 2020, 323(16): 1582-1589.
27.	中国康复医学会, 中国康复医学会呼吸康复专委会. 2019 新型冠状病毒肺炎呼吸康复指导意见(第二版). 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2020, 43(04): 308-314.
28.	喻鹏铭, 何成奇, 高强, 等. 新型冠状病毒肺炎患者全周期物理治疗操作规范和建议. 中华物理医学与康复杂志, 2020, 42(2): 102-104.
29.	Jang MH, Shin MJ, Shin YB. Pulmonary and physical rehabilitation in critically ill patients. Acute Crit Care, 2019, 34(1): 1-13.
30.	赵小龙, 李茂琴, 许铁. 急性呼吸窘迫综合征机械通气肺复张的研究进展. 中国全科医学, 2010, 13(15): 1715-1718.
31.	Fan E, Del Sorbo L, Goligher E C, et al. An official American Thoracic Society/European Society of Intensive Care Medicine/Society of Critical Care Medicine clinical practice guideline: mechanical ventilation in adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2017, 195(9): 1253-1263.
32.	Kayambu G, Boots R, Paratz J. Physical therapy for the critically ill in the ICU: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med, 2013, 41(6): 1543-1554.
33.	Kho ME, Molloy AJ, Clarke FJ, et al. Multicentre pilot randomised clinical trial of early in-bed cycle ergometry with ventilated patients. BMJ Open Respir Res, 2019, 6(1): e000383.
34.	Karatzanos E, Gerovasili V, Zervakis D, et al. Electrical muscle stimulation: an effective form of exercise and early mobilization to preserve muscle strength in critically ill patients. Crit Care Res Pract, 2012: 432752.
35.	Bissett B, Leditschke IA, Green M, et al. Inspiratory muscle training for intensive care patients: a multidisciplinary practical guide for clinicians. Aust Crit Care, 2019, 32(3): 249-255.
36.	吴雨晨, 丁楠楠, 姜变通, 张志刚, 张彩云, 岳伟岗, 田金徽. 阈值负荷吸气肌训练对呼吸肌功能影响的Meta分析. 中国康复理论与实践, 2019, 25(10): 1150-1161.
37.	应对新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情联防联控工作机制. 新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情紧急心理危机干预指导原则. (2020-01-27)[2020-04-02]. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/xcs/zhengcwj/202001/6adc08b966594253b2b791be5c3b9467.shtml.
38.	中华医学会肠外肠内营养学分会. 关于新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的医学营养治疗专家建议. 中华普通外科学文献(电子版), 2020, 14(1): 1.
39.	中华医学会肠外肠内营养学分会. 新型冠状病毒肺炎重症患者的肠内肠外营养治疗专家建议. 中华医学杂志, 2020, 100(12): 889-892.
40.	中华医学会呼吸病学分会呼吸危重症医学学组, 中国医师协会呼吸医师分会危重症医学工作委员会. 成人重症新型冠状病毒肺炎患者气道管理推荐意见(试行). 中华医学杂志, 2020, 100(10): 729-737.

1. World Health Organization. Archived: WHO Timeline - COVID-19.(2020-04-27)[2020-04-30]. https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/27-04-2020-who-timeline--covid-19.
2. Liu K, Zhang W, Yang Y, et al. Respiratory rehabilitation in elderly patients with COVID-19: A randomized controlled study. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 2020, 5(39): 101166.
3. Forni D, Cagliani R, Clerici M, et al. Molecular evolution of human coronavirus genomes. Trends Microbiol, 2017, 25(1): 35-48.
4. 国家卫生健康委办公厅. 新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案(试行第七版). (2020-03-03)[2020-04-02]. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/xcs/zhengcwj/202003/46c9294a7dfe4cef80dc7f5912eb1989.shtml.
5. Chan JF, Yuan SF, Kin-Hang K, et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet, 2020, 395(1223): 514-523.
6. Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature, 2020, 579(7798): 270-273.
7. Zhu H, Guo Q, Li M, et al. Host and infectivity prediction of Wuhan 2019 novel coronavirus using deep learning algorithm. (2020-01-21)[2020-04-02]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.21.914044.
8. Xiao K, Zhai J, Feng Y, et al. Isolation and characterization of 2019-nCoV-like coronavirus from malayan pangolins. (2020-02-20)[2020-04-02]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.17.951335.
9. Chen HJ, Juanjuan G, Chen W, et al. Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records. Lancet, 2020, 395(1226): 809-815.
10. 刘茜, 王荣帅, 屈国强, 等. 新型冠状病毒肺炎死亡尸体系统解剖大体观察报告. 法医学杂志, 2020, 36(1): 21-23.
11. Xu Z, Lei S, Wang YJ, et al. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med, 2020, 8(4): 420-422.
12. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet, 2020, 395(1223): 497-506.
13. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in wuhan, China. JAMA, 2020, 323(11): 1061-1069.
14. Letko M, Marzi A, Munster V. Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineageB betacoronaviruses. Nat Microbiol, 2020, 5(4): 562-569.
15. Zhang H, Kang ZJ. The digestive system is a potential route of 2019-nCov infection: a bioinformatics analysis based on single-cell transcriptomes. (2020-01-31)[2020-04-02]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.30.927806.
16. Fan CB, Kai L. ACE2 expression in kidney and testis May cause kidney and testis damage after 2019-nCoV infection. (2020-02-13)[2020-04-02]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.12.20022418.
17. To KKW, Tsang OTY, Leung WS, et al. Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis, 2020, 20(5): 565-574.
18. 国务院新闻办公室. 国务院新闻办公室2020年1月22日新闻发布会介绍新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎防控工作有关情况.(2020-01-22)[2020-04-02]. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/xwzb/webcontroller.do?titleSeq=11208&gecstype=1.
19. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med, 2020, 382(18): 1708-1720.
20. Wu ZY, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72?314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA, 2020, 323(13): 1239-1242.
21. 陈韬, 陈广, 郭威, 等. 新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗快速指南(第三版). 医药导报, 2020, 39(03): 305-307.
22. 李太生, 曹玮, 翁利, 等. 北京协和医院关于"新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎"诊疗建议方案(V2.0). 中华内科杂志, 2020(3): 186-188.
23. 赵建平, 胡轶, 杜荣辉, 等. 新型冠状病毒肺炎糖皮质激素使用的建议. 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2020, 43(3): 183-184.
24. Zhen L, Ming W, Jiwei Y, et al. Caution on Kidney Dysfunctions of COVID-19 Patients. (2020-03-27)[2020-04-02]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.08.20021212.
25. Li GD, Clercq ED. Therapeutic options for the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Nat Rev Drug Discov, 2020, 19(3): 149-150.
26. Shen C, Wang ZQ, Zhao F, et al. Treatment of 5 critically ill patients with COVID-19 with convalescent plasma. JAMA, 2020, 323(16): 1582-1589.
27. 中国康复医学会, 中国康复医学会呼吸康复专委会. 2019 新型冠状病毒肺炎呼吸康复指导意见(第二版). 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2020, 43(04): 308-314.
28. 喻鹏铭, 何成奇, 高强, 等. 新型冠状病毒肺炎患者全周期物理治疗操作规范和建议. 中华物理医学与康复杂志, 2020, 42(2): 102-104.
29. Jang MH, Shin MJ, Shin YB. Pulmonary and physical rehabilitation in critically ill patients. Acute Crit Care, 2019, 34(1): 1-13.
30. 赵小龙, 李茂琴, 许铁. 急性呼吸窘迫综合征机械通气肺复张的研究进展. 中国全科医学, 2010, 13(15): 1715-1718.
31. Fan E, Del Sorbo L, Goligher E C, et al. An official American Thoracic Society/European Society of Intensive Care Medicine/Society of Critical Care Medicine clinical practice guideline: mechanical ventilation in adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2017, 195(9): 1253-1263.
32. Kayambu G, Boots R, Paratz J. Physical therapy for the critically ill in the ICU: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med, 2013, 41(6): 1543-1554.
33. Kho ME, Molloy AJ, Clarke FJ, et al. Multicentre pilot randomised clinical trial of early in-bed cycle ergometry with ventilated patients. BMJ Open Respir Res, 2019, 6(1): e000383.
34. Karatzanos E, Gerovasili V, Zervakis D, et al. Electrical muscle stimulation: an effective form of exercise and early mobilization to preserve muscle strength in critically ill patients. Crit Care Res Pract, 2012: 432752.
35. Bissett B, Leditschke IA, Green M, et al. Inspiratory muscle training for intensive care patients: a multidisciplinary practical guide for clinicians. Aust Crit Care, 2019, 32(3): 249-255.
36. 吴雨晨, 丁楠楠, 姜变通, 张志刚, 张彩云, 岳伟岗, 田金徽. 阈值负荷吸气肌训练对呼吸肌功能影响的Meta分析. 中国康复理论与实践, 2019, 25(10): 1150-1161.
37. 应对新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情联防联控工作机制. 新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情紧急心理危机干预指导原则. (2020-01-27)[2020-04-02]. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/xcs/zhengcwj/202001/6adc08b966594253b2b791be5c3b9467.shtml.
38. 中华医学会肠外肠内营养学分会. 关于新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的医学营养治疗专家建议. 中华普通外科学文献(电子版), 2020, 14(1): 1.
39. 中华医学会肠外肠内营养学分会. 新型冠状病毒肺炎重症患者的肠内肠外营养治疗专家建议. 中华医学杂志, 2020, 100(12): 889-892.
40. 中华医学会呼吸病学分会呼吸危重症医学学组, 中国医师协会呼吸医师分会危重症医学工作委员会. 成人重症新型冠状病毒肺炎患者气道管理推荐意见(试行). 中华医学杂志, 2020, 100(10): 729-737.

West China Medical Journal

Basic, clinical and rehabilitation of coronavirus disease 2019

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