Research progress of programmed necrosis in coronavirus disease 2019_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

XU Biao ,  NI Jixiang , YANG Yuting , LUO Gan , LI Xiaojuan

Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of China Three Gorges University / the First Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, Hubei 443000, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

NI Jixiang, Email: keamin77@163.com

Keywords：

Programmed necrosis; coronavirus disease 2019; inflammation; cytokine storm; pulmonary fibrosis

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.202104146

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 may have systemic symptoms of varying degrees. These symptoms are related to inflammatory response, massive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cytokine storm. In recent years, programmed necrosis, as a controllable type of necrosis, is considered to be an important factor that mediates inflammation. Recent studies have shown that programmed necrosis is involved in the inflammatory response and pulmonary fibrosis of coronavirus disease 2019. This article mainly reviews the mechanism of programmed necrosis, its participation in the occurrence and development of coronavirus disease 2019, and the research progress of programmed necrosis inhibitors in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019, aiming to provide a certain basis for the diagnosis and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019.

Citation： XU Biao, NI Jixiang, YANG Yuting, LUO Gan, LI Xiaojuan. Research progress of programmed necrosis in coronavirus disease 2019. West China Medical Journal, 2022, 37(1): 22-26. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.202104146 Copy

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30.	Liu YR, Xu HM. Protective effect of necrostatin-1 on myocardial tissue in rats with acute myocardial infarction. Genet Mol Res, 2016, 15(2): gmr7298.
31.	Liang S, Lv ZT, Zhang JM, et al. Necrostatin-1 attenuates trauma-induced mouse osteoarthritis and IL-1β induced apoptosis via HMGB1/TLR4/SDF-1 in primary mouse chondrocytes. Front Pharmacol, 2018, 9: 1378.
32.	Ye Q, Wang B, Mao J. The pathogenesis and treatment of the ‘cytokine storm’ in COVID-19. J Infect, 2020, 80(6): 607-613.
33.	Ragab D, Salah Eldin H, Taeimah M, et al. The COVID-19 cytokine storm; what we know so far. Front Immunol, 2020, 11: 1446.
34.	Liu Y, Chen D, Hou J, et al. An inter-correlated cytokine network identified at the center of cytokine storm predicted COVID-19 prognosis. Cytokine, 2021, 138: 155365.
35.	Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet, 2020, 395(10223): 497-506.
36.	Moore JB, June CH. Cytokine release syndrome in severe COVID-19. Science, 2020, 368(6490): 473-474.
37.	Deepa SS, Unnikrishnan A, Matyi S, et al. Necroptosis increases with age and is reduced by dietary restriction. Aging Cell, 2018, 17(4): e12770.
38.	Conti P, Ronconi G, Caraffa A, et al. Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and IL-6) and lung inflammation by coronavirus-19 (COVI-19 or SARS-CoV-2): anti-inflammatory strategies. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents, 2020, 34(2): 327-331.
39.	Zelic M, Roderick JE, O’Donnell JA, et al. RIP kinase 1-dependent endothelial necroptosis underlies systemic inflammatory response syndrome. J Clin Invest, 2018, 128(5): 2064-2075.
40.	Duan PY, Ma Y, Li XN, et al. Inhibition of RIPK1-dependent regulated acinar cell necrosis provides protection against acute pancreatitis via the RIPK1/NF-κB/AQP8 pathway. Exp Mol Med, 2019, 51(8): 1-17.
41.	Wang X, Jiang W, Yan Y, et al. RNA viruses promote activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome through a RIP1-RIP3-DRP1 signaling pathway. Nat Immunol, 2014, 15(12): 1126-1133.

1. Petersen E, Koopmans M, Go U, et al. Comparing SARS-CoV-2 with SARS-CoV and influenza pandemics. Lancet Infect Dis, 2020, 20(9): e238-e244.
2. Tisoncik JR, Korth MJ, Simmons CP, et al. Into the eye of the cytokine storm. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev, 2012, 76(1): 16-32.
3. 李娜, 李维, 杨拴盈. 新型冠状病毒肺炎与细胞因子风暴. 国际呼吸杂志, 2020, 40(13): 1001-1004.
4. Chen G, Wu D, Guo W, et al. Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019. J Clin Invest, 2020, 130(5): 2620-2629.
5. 綦越, 张建梅, 蒋红英, 等. 新型冠状病毒肺炎基础、临床与康复治疗. 华西医学, 2021, 36(1): 19-23.
6. Weinlich R, Oberst A, Beere HM, et al. Necroptosis in development, inflammation and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2017, 18(2): 127-136.
7. Minagawa S, Yoshida M, Araya J, et al. Regulated necrosis in pulmonary disease. A focus on necroptosis and ferroptosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 2020, 62(5): 554-562.
8. Cho YS, Challa S, Moquin D, et al. Phosphorylation-driven assembly of the RIP1-RIP3 complex regulates programmed necrosis and virus-induced inflammation. Cell, 2009, 137(6): 1112-1123.
9. Channappanavar R, Perlman S. Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology. Semin Immunopathol, 2017, 39(5): 529-539.
10. Liu Q, Zhou YH, Yang ZQ. The cytokine storm of severe influenza and development of immunomodulatory therapy. Cell Mol Immunol, 2016, 13(1): 3-10.
11. Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S, et al. SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor. Cell, 2020, 181(2): 271-280.e8.
12. Qian Z, Travanty EA, Oko L, et al. Innate immune response of human alveolar type Ⅱ cells infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 2013, 48(6): 742-748.
13. Wang J, Nikrad MP, Phang T, et al. Innate immune response to influenza A virus in differentiated human alveolar type Ⅱ cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 2011, 45(3): 582-591.
14. Wu J, Wu X, Zeng W, et al. Chest CT findings in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and its relationship with clinical features. Invest Radiol, 2020, 55(5): 257-261.
15. Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. The species severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nat Microbiol, 2020, 5(4): 536-544.
16. Li S, Zhang Y, Guan Z, et al. SARS-CoV-2 triggers inflammatory responses and cell death through caspase-8 activation. Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2020, 5(1): 235.
17. Siempos II, Ma KC, Imamura M, et al. RIPK3 mediates pathogenesis of experimental ventilator-induced lung injury. JCI Insight, 2018, 3(9): e97102.
18. Nakamura H, Kinjo T, Arakaki W, et al. Serum levels of receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 in patients with COVID-19. Crit Care, 2020, 24(1): 484.
19. Karki R, Sharma BR, Tuladhar S, et al. Synergism of TNF-α and IFN-γ triggers inflammatory cell death, tissue damage, and mortality in SARS-CoV-2 infection and cytokine shock syndromes. Cell, 2021, 184(1): 149-168.e17.
20. 李思佳, 李文新. 程序性坏死参与特发性肺纤维化的研究进展. 医学研究生学报, 2020, 33(11): 1218-1222.
21. Thille AW, Esteban A, Fernández-Segoviano P, et al. Chronology of histological lesions in acute respiratory distress syndrome with diffuse alveolar damage: a prospective cohort study of clinical autopsies. Lancet Respir Med, 2013, 1(5): 395-401.
22. Herridge MS, Tansey CM, Matté A, et al. Functional disability 5 years after acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med, 2011, 364(14): 1293-1304.
23. 王珏, 王彬杰, 杨加彩, 等. 新型冠状病毒肺炎诱发肺纤维化的机制及相关治疗研究进展. 中华烧伤杂志, 2020, 36(8): 691-697.
24. Hou J, Ma T, Cao H, et al. TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation promotes myofibroblast differentiation of LR-MSCs and exacerbates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. J Cell Physiol, 2018, 233(3): 2409-2419.
25. Hams E, Armstrong ME, Barlow JL, et al. IL-25 and type 2 innate lymphoid cells induce pulmonary fibrosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2014, 111(1): 367-372.
26. Lee JM, Yoshida M, Kim MS, et al. Involvement of alveolar epithelial cell necroptosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis pathogenesis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 2018, 59(2): 215-224.
27. Degterev A, Huang Z, Boyce M, et al. Chemical inhibitor of nonapoptotic cell death with therapeutic potential for ischemic brain injury. Nat Chem Biol, 2005, 1(2): 112-119.
28. Degterev A, Hitomi J, Germscheid M, et al. Identification of RIP1 kinase as a specific cellular target of necrostatins. Nat Chem Biol, 2008, 4(5): 313-321.
29. Zhou W, Yuan J. Necroptosis in health and diseases. Semin Cell Dev Biol, 2014, 35: 14-23.
30. Liu YR, Xu HM. Protective effect of necrostatin-1 on myocardial tissue in rats with acute myocardial infarction. Genet Mol Res, 2016, 15(2): gmr7298.
31. Liang S, Lv ZT, Zhang JM, et al. Necrostatin-1 attenuates trauma-induced mouse osteoarthritis and IL-1β induced apoptosis via HMGB1/TLR4/SDF-1 in primary mouse chondrocytes. Front Pharmacol, 2018, 9: 1378.
32. Ye Q, Wang B, Mao J. The pathogenesis and treatment of the ‘cytokine storm’ in COVID-19. J Infect, 2020, 80(6): 607-613.
33. Ragab D, Salah Eldin H, Taeimah M, et al. The COVID-19 cytokine storm; what we know so far. Front Immunol, 2020, 11: 1446.
34. Liu Y, Chen D, Hou J, et al. An inter-correlated cytokine network identified at the center of cytokine storm predicted COVID-19 prognosis. Cytokine, 2021, 138: 155365.
35. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet, 2020, 395(10223): 497-506.
36. Moore JB, June CH. Cytokine release syndrome in severe COVID-19. Science, 2020, 368(6490): 473-474.
37. Deepa SS, Unnikrishnan A, Matyi S, et al. Necroptosis increases with age and is reduced by dietary restriction. Aging Cell, 2018, 17(4): e12770.
38. Conti P, Ronconi G, Caraffa A, et al. Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and IL-6) and lung inflammation by coronavirus-19 (COVI-19 or SARS-CoV-2): anti-inflammatory strategies. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents, 2020, 34(2): 327-331.
39. Zelic M, Roderick JE, O’Donnell JA, et al. RIP kinase 1-dependent endothelial necroptosis underlies systemic inflammatory response syndrome. J Clin Invest, 2018, 128(5): 2064-2075.
40. Duan PY, Ma Y, Li XN, et al. Inhibition of RIPK1-dependent regulated acinar cell necrosis provides protection against acute pancreatitis via the RIPK1/NF-κB/AQP8 pathway. Exp Mol Med, 2019, 51(8): 1-17.
41. Wang X, Jiang W, Yan Y, et al. RNA viruses promote activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome through a RIP1-RIP3-DRP1 signaling pathway. Nat Immunol, 2014, 15(12): 1126-1133.

West China Medical Journal

Research progress of programmed necrosis in coronavirus disease 2019

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