Research progress of lung injury secondary to return of spontaneous circulation in patients with cardiac arrest_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

ZHOU Tingyuan ^1,2,3 , YAO Peng ^1,2,3 , TANG Songling ^1,2,3 , MA Wen ^1,2,4 , WANG Zhiyuan ^1,2,3 ,  CAO Yu ^1,2

1. Department of Emergency Medicine / Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;
2. Disaster Medical Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;
3. West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;
4. Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University - the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

CAO Yu, Email: yuyuer@126.com

Keywords：

Cardiac arrest; cardiopulmonary resuscitation; return of spontaneous circulation; lung injury

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.202203022

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

The treatment of organ function damage secondary to return of spontaneous circulation in patients with cardiac arrest is an important part of advanced life support. The incidence of lung injury secondary to return of spontaneous circulation in patients with cardiac arrest is as high as 79%. Understanding the characteristics and related mechanisms of lung injury secondary to return of spontaneous circulation in patients with cardiac arrest, and early identification and treatment of lung injury secondary to return of spontaneous circulation are crucial to the clinical treatment of patients with cardiac arrest. Therefore, this article reviews the research progress on the characteristics, risk factors, mechanisms and treatment of lung injury secondary to return of spontaneous circulation in patients with cardiac arrest, in order to provide a reference for the research and clinical diagnosis and treatment of lung injury secondary to return of spontaneous circulation in patients with cardiac arrest.

Citation： ZHOU Tingyuan, YAO Peng, TANG Songling, MA Wen, WANG Zhiyuan, CAO Yu. Research progress of lung injury secondary to return of spontaneous circulation in patients with cardiac arrest. West China Medical Journal, 2022, 37(4): 615-621. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.202203022 Copy

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2.	Lam V, Hsu CH. Updates in cardiac arrest resuscitation. Emerg Med Clin North Am, 2020, 38(4): 755-769.
3.	Andersen LW, Lind PC, Vammen L, et al. Adult post-cardiac arrest interventions: an overview of randomized clinical trials. Resuscitation, 2020, 147: 1-11.
4.	Perkins GD, Callaway CW, Haywood K, et al. Brain injury after cardiac arrest. Lancet, 2021, 398(10307): 1269-1278.
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6.	Cha KC, Kim YW, Kim HI, et al. Parenchymal lung injuries related to standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Am J Emerg Med, 2017, 35(1): 117-121.
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8.	Johnson NJ, Carlbom DJ, Gaieski DF. Ventilator management and respiratory care after cardiac arrest: oxygenation, ventilation, infection, and injury. Chest, 2018, 153(6): 1466-1477.
9.	Jang SJ, Cha YK, Kim JS, et al. Computed tomographic findings of chest injuries following cardiopulmonary resuscitation: more complications for prolonged chest compressions?. Medicine (Baltimore), 2020, 99(33): e21685.
10.	Magliocca A, Rezoagli E, Zani D, et al. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation-associated lung edema (CRALE). A translational study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2021, 203(4): 447-457.
11.	Ondruschka B, Baier C, Bayer R, et al. Chest compression-associated injuries in cardiac arrest patients treated with manual chest compressions versus automated chest compression devices (LUCAS II) - a forensic autopsy-based comparison. Forensic Sci Med Pathol, 2018, 14(4): 515-525.
12.	Gao Y, Sun T, Yuan D, et al. Safety of mechanical and manual chest compressions in cardiac arrest patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation, 2021, 169: 124-135.
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18.	Helmerhorst HJF, Schouten LRA, Wagenaar GTM, et al. Hyperoxia provokes a time- and dose-dependent inflammatory response in mechanically ventilated mice, irrespective of tidal volumes. Intensive Care Med Exp, 2017, 5(1): 27.
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1. Nas J, Te Grotenhuis R, Bonnes JL, et al. Meta-analysis comparing cardiac arrest outcomes before and after resuscitation guideline updates. Am J Cardiol, 2020, 125(4): 618-629.
2. Lam V, Hsu CH. Updates in cardiac arrest resuscitation. Emerg Med Clin North Am, 2020, 38(4): 755-769.
3. Andersen LW, Lind PC, Vammen L, et al. Adult post-cardiac arrest interventions: an overview of randomized clinical trials. Resuscitation, 2020, 147: 1-11.
4. Perkins GD, Callaway CW, Haywood K, et al. Brain injury after cardiac arrest. Lancet, 2021, 398(10307): 1269-1278.
5. Cho SH, Kim EY, Choi SJ, et al. Multidetector CT and radiographic findings of lung injuries secondary to cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Injury, 2013, 44(9): 1204-1207.
6. Cha KC, Kim YW, Kim HI, et al. Parenchymal lung injuries related to standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Am J Emerg Med, 2017, 35(1): 117-121.
7. Johnson NJ, Caldwell E, Carlbom DJ, et al. The acute respiratory distress syndrome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes. Resuscitation, 2019, 135: 37-44.
8. Johnson NJ, Carlbom DJ, Gaieski DF. Ventilator management and respiratory care after cardiac arrest: oxygenation, ventilation, infection, and injury. Chest, 2018, 153(6): 1466-1477.
9. Jang SJ, Cha YK, Kim JS, et al. Computed tomographic findings of chest injuries following cardiopulmonary resuscitation: more complications for prolonged chest compressions?. Medicine (Baltimore), 2020, 99(33): e21685.
10. Magliocca A, Rezoagli E, Zani D, et al. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation-associated lung edema (CRALE). A translational study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2021, 203(4): 447-457.
11. Ondruschka B, Baier C, Bayer R, et al. Chest compression-associated injuries in cardiac arrest patients treated with manual chest compressions versus automated chest compression devices (LUCAS II) - a forensic autopsy-based comparison. Forensic Sci Med Pathol, 2018, 14(4): 515-525.
12. Gao Y, Sun T, Yuan D, et al. Safety of mechanical and manual chest compressions in cardiac arrest patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation, 2021, 169: 124-135.
13. Beitler JR, Ghafouri TB, Jinadasa SP, et al. Favorable neurocognitive outcome with low tidal volume ventilation after cardiac arrest. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2017, 195(9): 1198-1206.
14. 朱蕾. 机械通气. 4版. 上海:上海科学技术出版社, 2017: 413-414.
15. Hedenstierna G, Lattuada M. Lymphatics and lymph in acute lung injury. Curr Opin Crit Care, 2008, 14(1): 31-36.
16. Elmer J, Scutella M, Pullalarevu R, et al. The association between hyperoxia and patient outcomes after cardiac arrest: analysis of a high-resolution database. Intensive Care Med, 2015, 41(1): 49-57.
17. Nagato AC, Bezerra FS, Lanzetti M, et al. Time course of inflammation, oxidative stress and tissue damage induced by hyperoxia in mouse lungs. Int J Exp Pathol, 2012, 93(4): 269-278.
18. Helmerhorst HJF, Schouten LRA, Wagenaar GTM, et al. Hyperoxia provokes a time- and dose-dependent inflammatory response in mechanically ventilated mice, irrespective of tidal volumes. Intensive Care Med Exp, 2017, 5(1): 27.
19. Shimada I, Kubota A, Katoh M, et al. Hyperoxia causes diffuse alveolar damage through mechanisms involving upregulation of c-Myc/Bax and enhanced production of reactive oxygen species. Respir Investig, 2016, 54(1): 59-68.
20. Schwingshackl A, Lopez B, Teng B, et al. Hyperoxia treatment of TREK-1/TREK-2/TRAAK-deficient mice is associated with a reduction in surfactant proteins. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 2017, 313(6): L1030-L1046.
21. Tateda K, Deng JC, Moore TA, et al. Hyperoxia mediates acute lung injury and increased lethality in murine legionella pneumonia: the role of apoptosis. J Immunol, 2003, 170(8): 4209-4216.
22. Kikuchi Y, Tateda K, Fuse ET, et al. Hyperoxia exaggerates bacterial dissemination and lethality in Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Pulm Pharmacol Ther, 2009, 22(4): 333-339.
23. Saito K, Kimura S, Saga T, et al. Protective effect of procysteine on Acinetobacter pneumonia in hyperoxic conditions. J Antimicrob Chemother, 2013, 68(10): 2305-2310.
24. Damiani E, Donati A, Girardis M. Oxygen in the critically ill: friend or foe?. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol, 2018, 31(2): 129-135.
25. Mai N, Miller-Rhodes K, Knowlden S, et al. The post-cardiac arrest syndrome: a case for lung-brain coupling and opportunities for neuroprotection. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 2019, 39(6): 939-958.
26. Kuebler WM. Inflammatory pathways and microvascular responses in the lung. Pharmacol Rep, 2005, 57(Suppl): 196-205.
27. Andonegui G, Bonder CS, Green F, et al. Endothelium-derived toll-like receptor-4 is the key molecule in LPS-induced neutrophil sequestration into lungs. J Clin Invest, 2003, 111(7): 1011-1020.
28. Worthen GS, Schwab B 3rd, Elson EL, et al. Mechanics of stimulated neutrophils: cell stiffening induces retention in capillaries. Science, 1989, 245(4914): 183-186.
29. Kolaczkowska E, Kubes P. Neutrophil recruitment and function in health and inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol, 2013, 13(3): 159-175.
30. Toung TJ, Chang Y, Lin J, et al. Increases in lung and brain water following experimental stroke: effect of mannitol and hypertonic saline. Crit Care Med, 2005, 33(1): 203-208.
31. Zhao J, Xuan NX, Cui W, et al. Neurogenic pulmonary edema following acute stroke: the progress and perspective. Biomed Pharmacother, 2020, 130: 110478.
32. Finsterer J. Neurological perspectives of neurogenic pulmonary edema. Eur Neurol, 2019, 81(1/2): 94-102.
33. Beitler JR, Malhotra A, Thompson BT. Ventilator-induced lung injury. Clin Chest Med, 2016, 37(4): 633-646.
34. Mascia L. Acute lung injury in patients with severe brain injury: a double hit model. Neurocrit Care, 2009, 11(3): 417-426.
35. L’Her E, Cassaz C, Le Gal G, et al. Gut dysfunction and endoscopic lesions after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation, 2005, 66(3): 331-334.
36. Dunham GM, Perez-Girbes A, Bolster F, et al. Use of whole body CT to detect patterns of CPR-related injuries after sudden cardiac arrest. Eur Radiol, 2018, 28(10): 4122-4127.
37. Schulze C, Hoppe H, Schweitzer W, et al. Rib fractures at postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) validated against the autopsy. Forensic Sci Int, 2013, 233(1/3): 90-98.
38. Bulger EM, Arneson MA, Mock CN, et al. Rib fractures in the elderly. J Trauma, 2000, 48(6): 1040-1046.
39. Miller AC, Rosati SF, Suffredini AF, et al. A systematic review and pooled analysis of CPR-associated cardiovascular and thoracic injuries. Resuscitation, 2014, 85(6): 724-731.
40. Rabl W, Baubin M, Broinger G, et al. Serious complications from active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Int J Legal Med, 1996, 109(2): 84-89.
41. Baubin M, Sumann G, Rabl W, et al. Increased frequency of thorax injuries with ACD-CPR. Resuscitation, 1999, 41(1): 33-38.
42. Pinto DC, Haden-Pinneri K, Love JC. Manual and automated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): a comparison of associated injury patterns. J Forensic Sci, 2013, 58(4): 904-909.
43. Zhang MY, Ji XF, Wang S, et al. Shen-fu injection attenuates postresuscitation lung injury in a porcine model of cardiac arrest. Resuscitation, 2012, 83(9): 1152-1158.
44. Wu C, Xu J, Jin X, et al. Effect of mild hypothermia on lung injury after cardiac arrest in swine based on lung ultrasound. BMC Pulm Med, 2019, 19(1): 198.
45. Wei J, Wang P, Li Y, et al. Inhibition of RHO kinase by fasudil attenuates ischemic lung injury after cardiac arrest in rats. Shock, 2018, 50(6): 706-713.
46. He Y, Yao P, Zhou Y, et al. Should “cardiopulmonary resuscitation-associated lung edema” be diagnosed more cautiously?. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2021, 204(6): 740-741.
47. Travers AH, Perkins GD, Berg RA, et al. Part 3: Adult basic life support and automated external defibrillation: 2015 international consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations. Circulation, 2015, 132(16 Suppl 1): S51-S83.
48. Cho S, Oh WS, Chon SB, et al. Theoretical personalized optimum chest compression point can be determined using posteroanterior chest radiography. Resuscitation, 2018, 128: 97-105.
49. Stiell IG, Brown SP, Nichol G, et al. What is the optimal chest compression depth during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation of adult patients?. Circulation, 2014, 130(22): 1962-1970.
50. Idris AH, Guffey D, Aufderheide TP, et al. Relationship between chest compression rates and outcomes from cardiac arrest. Circulation, 2012, 125(24): 3004-3012.
51. Duval S, Pepe PE, Aufderheide TP, et al. Optimal combination of compression rate and depth during cardiopulmonary resuscitation for functionally favorable survival. JAMA Cardiol, 2019, 4(9): 900-908.
52. Jalali A, Simpao AF, Nadkarni VM, et al. A novel nonlinear mathematical model of thoracic wall mechanics during cardiopulmonary resuscitation based on a porcine model of cardiac arrest. J Med Syst, 2017, 41(2): 20.
53. Braga MS, Dominguez TE, Pollock AN, et al. Estimation of optimal CPR chest compression depth in children by using computer tomography. Pediatrics, 2009, 124(1): e69-e74.
54. Glatz AC, Nishisaki A, Niles DE, et al. Sternal wall pressure comparable to leaning during CPR impacts intrathoracic pressure and haemodynamics in anaesthetized children during cardiac catheterization. Resuscitation, 2013, 84(12): 1674-1679.
55. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network, Brower RG, Matthay MA, et al. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med, 2000, 342(18): 1301-1308.
56. Lee Y, Lee SH, Choi HJ, et al. The effect of a modified constant flow insufflation of oxygen during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a rat model of respiratory cardiac arrest on arterial oxygenation, alveolar barotrauma, and brain tissue injury. Emerg Med Int, 2020, 2020: 8913571.
57. Eastwood GM, Schneider AG, Suzuki S, et al. Targeted therapeutic mild hypercapnia after cardiac arrest: a phase Ⅱ multi-centre randomised controlled trial (the CCC trial). Resuscitation, 2016, 104: 83-90.
58. Robba C, Bonatti G, Battaglini D, et al. Mechanical ventilation in patients with acute ischaemic stroke: from pathophysiology to clinical practice. Crit Care, 2019, 23(1): 388.
59. Eastwood GM, Nichol A. Optimal ventilator settings after return of spontaneous circulation. Curr Opin Crit Care, 2020, 26(3): 251-258.
60. Abroug F, Ouanes-Besbes L, Elatrous S, et al. The effect of prone positioning in acute respiratory distress syndrome or acute lung injury: a meta-analysis. Areas of uncertainty and recommendations for research. Intensive Care Med, 2008, 34(6): 1002-1011.
61. Sud S, Friedrich JO, Taccone P, et al. Prone ventilation reduces mortality in patients with acute respiratory failure and severe hypoxemia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med, 2010, 36(4): 585-599.
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West China Medical Journal

Research progress of lung injury secondary to return of spontaneous circulation in patients with cardiac arrest

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