Development and application of miniaturized and portable ion continuous monitoring technology_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

WU Fei ¹ , SHU Xingyan ¹ , ZHANG Ling ² ,  HUANG Wei ¹

1. School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, P. R. China;
2. Department of Nephrology and Institute of Kidney Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

HUANG Wei, Email: whuang@uestc.edu.cn

Keywords：

Ion monitoring; ion sensor; portable; miniaturized

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.202406033

Video：

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There are already many ion detection methods available, and their development in long-term application practice has become very mature, which can achieve high-precision monitoring of different ion types and ion concentrations. However, in order to meet the requirements of modern smart healthcare, portable ion continuous monitoring methods with good portability, low operational difficulty, and high detection efficiency urgently need to be developed. However, existing detection methods are far from meeting the requirements of real-time and long-term health monitoring due to factors such as detection principles. In recent years, breakthroughs have been made in miniaturized and portable ion continuous monitoring technology, among which high-sensitivity and high-specificity miniature ion sensing components and miniaturized low-power driving measurement circuits have become the main research contents of this technology. This article starts with high-performance ion sensors in the front-end and high-level integrated driving measurement circuits in the back-end, summarizes the current development of miniaturized and portable ion continuous monitoring technology, reviews its applications, and looks forward to the possible development directions of portable ion monitoring technology in the future.

Citation： WU Fei, SHU Xingyan, ZHANG Ling, HUANG Wei. Development and application of miniaturized and portable ion continuous monitoring technology. West China Medical Journal, 2024, 39(7): 1023-1027. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.202406033 Copy

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9.	Park SC, Jeong HJ, Heo M, et al. Carbon nanotube-based ion-sensitive field-effect transistors with an on-chip reference electrode toward wearable sodium sensing. ACS Appl Electron Mater, 2021, 3(6): 2580-2588.
10.	Chae MS, Park JH, Son HW, et al. IGZO-based electrolyte-gated field-effect transistor for in situ biological sensing platform. Sens Actuators B Chem, 2018, 262: 876-883.
11.	Mariani F, Gualandi I, Tessarolo M, et al. PEDOT: dye-based, flexible organic electrochemical transistor for highly sensitive pH monitoring. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2018, 10(26): 22474-22484.
12.	Clua Estivill M, Ait Yazza A, Blondeau P, et al. Ion-selective organic electrochemical transistors for the determination of potassium in clinical samples. Sens Actuators B Chem, 2024, 401: 135027.
13.	Strand E J, Bihar E, Gleason S M, et al. Printed organic electrochemical transistors for detecting nutrients in whole plant sap. Adv Electron Mater, 2022, 8(4): 2100853.
14.	Huang W, Chen J, Yao Y, et al. Vertical organic electrochemical transistors for complementary circuits. Nature, 2023, 613(7944): 496-502.
15.	Wei W, Xiao K, Tao M, et al. A novel organic electrochemical transistor-based platform for monitoring the senescent green vegetative phase of haematococcus pluvialis cells. Sensors (Basel), 2017, 17(9): 1997.
16.	Koutsouras DA, Lieberth K, Torricelli F, et al. Selective ion detection with integrated organic electrochemical transistors. Adv Mater Technol, 2021, 6(12): 2100591.
17.	Liu H, Yang A, Song J, et al. Ultrafast, sensitive, and portable detection of COVID-19 IgG using flexible organic electrochemical transistors. Sci Adv, 2021, 7(38): eabg8387.
18.	Emaminejad S, Gao W, Wu E, et al. Autonomous sweat extraction and analysis applied to cystic fibrosis and glucose monitoring using a fully integrated wearable platform. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2017, 114(18): 4625-4630.
19.	Bai J, Liu D, Tian X, et al. Coin-sized, fully integrated, and minimally invasive continuous glucose monitoring system based on organic electrochemical transistors. Sci Adv, 2024, 10(16): eadl1856.
20.	Ouyang B, Song Y, Cai W, et al. RF powered flexible printed ion-sensitive organic field effect transistor chip with design-to-manufacturing automation for mobile bio-sensing//Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. 2021 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM). San Francisco: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2021: 16.3.1-16.3.4.

1. Moudgil A, Hou K, Li T, et al. Biocompatible solid-state ion-sensitive organic electrochemical transistor for physiological multi-ions sensing. Adv Mater Technol, 2023, 8(18): 2300605.
2. Li Y, Cui B, Zhang S, et al. Ion-selective organic electrochemical transistors: recent progress and challenges. Small, 2022, 18(19): e2107413.
3. Wang Z, Shin J, Park JH, et al. Engineering materials for electrochemical sweat sensing. Adv Funct Mater, 2021, 31(12): 2008130.
4. Gucyetmez B, Sarikaya ZT, Tuzuner F. Elevated strong ion gap: a predictor of the initiation of continuous renal replacement therapy in acute kidney injury. Am J Med Sci, 2024, 367(2): 112-118.
5. Yang Y, Lv TR, Zhang WH, et al. Tailored polypyrrole nanofibers as ion-to-electron transduction membranes for wearable K⁺ sensors. Small, 2024, 20(26): e2311802.
6. Hjort RG, Soares RRA, Li J, et al. Hydrophobic laser-induced graphene potentiometric ion-selective electrodes for nitrate sensing. Mikrochim Acta, 2022, 189(3): 122.
7. Ruslan N, Lim DCK, Alang Ahmad SA, et al. Ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of metal ions using dicarboethoxycalixarene-based sensor. J Electroanal Chem, 2017, 799: 497-504.
8. Clement N, Nishiguchi K, Dufreche JF, et al. A silicon nanowire ion-sensitive field-effect-transistor with elementary charge sensitivity. Appl Phys Lett, 2011, 98(1): 014104.
9. Park SC, Jeong HJ, Heo M, et al. Carbon nanotube-based ion-sensitive field-effect transistors with an on-chip reference electrode toward wearable sodium sensing. ACS Appl Electron Mater, 2021, 3(6): 2580-2588.
10. Chae MS, Park JH, Son HW, et al. IGZO-based electrolyte-gated field-effect transistor for in situ biological sensing platform. Sens Actuators B Chem, 2018, 262: 876-883.
11. Mariani F, Gualandi I, Tessarolo M, et al. PEDOT: dye-based, flexible organic electrochemical transistor for highly sensitive pH monitoring. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2018, 10(26): 22474-22484.
12. Clua Estivill M, Ait Yazza A, Blondeau P, et al. Ion-selective organic electrochemical transistors for the determination of potassium in clinical samples. Sens Actuators B Chem, 2024, 401: 135027.
13. Strand E J, Bihar E, Gleason S M, et al. Printed organic electrochemical transistors for detecting nutrients in whole plant sap. Adv Electron Mater, 2022, 8(4): 2100853.
14. Huang W, Chen J, Yao Y, et al. Vertical organic electrochemical transistors for complementary circuits. Nature, 2023, 613(7944): 496-502.
15. Wei W, Xiao K, Tao M, et al. A novel organic electrochemical transistor-based platform for monitoring the senescent green vegetative phase of haematococcus pluvialis cells. Sensors (Basel), 2017, 17(9): 1997.
16. Koutsouras DA, Lieberth K, Torricelli F, et al. Selective ion detection with integrated organic electrochemical transistors. Adv Mater Technol, 2021, 6(12): 2100591.
17. Liu H, Yang A, Song J, et al. Ultrafast, sensitive, and portable detection of COVID-19 IgG using flexible organic electrochemical transistors. Sci Adv, 2021, 7(38): eabg8387.
18. Emaminejad S, Gao W, Wu E, et al. Autonomous sweat extraction and analysis applied to cystic fibrosis and glucose monitoring using a fully integrated wearable platform. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2017, 114(18): 4625-4630.
19. Bai J, Liu D, Tian X, et al. Coin-sized, fully integrated, and minimally invasive continuous glucose monitoring system based on organic electrochemical transistors. Sci Adv, 2024, 10(16): eadl1856.
20. Ouyang B, Song Y, Cai W, et al. RF powered flexible printed ion-sensitive organic field effect transistor chip with design-to-manufacturing automation for mobile bio-sensing//Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. 2021 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM). San Francisco: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2021: 16.3.1-16.3.4.

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