LATEST PROGRESS ON MINIMALLY INVASIVE TREATMENT OF OSTEOPOROTIC VERTEBRAL COMPRESSION FRACTURE_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

LIUZhongyu ,  RONGLimin

Department of Spine Surgery, 3.rd Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510630, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

RONGLimin, Email: ronglimin@21cn.com

Keywords：

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture; Minimally invasive technology; Research progress

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.20140117

Video：

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Objective To review the latest progress in minimally invasive treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF). Methods Relevant literature on minimally invasive treatment of OVCF was reviewed, different minimally invasive technologies were analyzed, compared, and future prospected. Results There are various minimally invasive technologies for treatment of OVCF to aim at analgesia, deformity correction, and vertebral stabilization, thus improving the patients' quality of life. Percutaneous vertebroplasty as the classical technology has a good effectiveness on analgesia, while percutaneous kyphoplasty has a better performance in vertebral height restoration and a lower complication of cement leakage. Obvious deformity correction can be achieved by skyphoplasty, with a risk of endplate damage and uncertain vertebral height maintenance. With OptiMesh vertebroplasty, physiological environment within the fractured vertebra is less likely to be disturbed, but paravertebral tissues are more vulnerable due to a bigger working cannal. Compared with traditional bone cement, Cortoss has advantages of less toxicity, less heat release, and proper stiffness. In addition, the combination use of different minimally invasive technologies has greatly extended the surgical indications of OVCF and improved the success rate. Conclusion Minimally invasive treatment of OVCF is becoming more safety and efficacy with the development of new material and technology, however, further studies are required for quality confirmation and better improvement.

Citation： LIUZhongyu, RONGLimin. LATEST PROGRESS ON MINIMALLY INVASIVE TREATMENT OF OSTEOPOROTIC VERTEBRAL COMPRESSION FRACTURE. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2014, 28(4): 522-526. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.20140117 Copy

1.	Mckiernan FE. The broadening spectrum of osteoporotic vertebral fracture. Skeletal Radiol, 2009, 38(4):303-308.
2.	Varga PP, Bors IB, Lazáry Á. Orthopedic treatment of vertebral compression fractures in osteoporosis. Orv Hetil, 2011, 152(33):1328-1336.
3.	Kim DH, Silber JS, Albert TJ. Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Instr Course Lect, 2003, 52:541-550.
4.	Kim DH, Vaccaro AR. Osteoporotic compression fractures of the spine; current options and considerations for treatment. Spine J, 2006, 6(5):479-487.
5.	徐耀宁, 郑秋坚, 昌耘冰, 等. 经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折的进展. 中国骨科临床与基础研究杂志, 2012, 4(4):300-307.
6.	Galibert P, Deramond H, Rosat P, et al. Preliminary note on the treatment of vertebral angioma by percutaneous acrylic vertebroplasty. Neurochirurgie, 1987, 33(2):166-168.
7.	Chen LH, Lai PL, Chen WJ. Current status of vertebroplasty for osteoporotic compression fracture. Chang Gung Med J, 2011, 34(4):352-359.
8.	Buchbinder R, Osborne RH, Ebeling PR, et al. A randomized trial of vertebroplasty for painful osteoporotic vertebral fractures. N Engl J Med, 2009, 361(6):557-568.
9.	Kallmes DF, Comstock BA, Heagerty PJ, et al. A randomized trial of vertebroplasty for osteoporotic spinal fractures. N Engl J Med, 2009, 361(6):569-579.
10.	Lotz JC. Trials of vertebroplasty for vertebral fractures. N Engl J Med, 2009, 361(21):2098-2100.
11.	Aebi M. Vertebroplasty:about sense and nonsense of uncontrolled "controlled randomized prospective trials". Eur Spine J, 2009, 18(9):1247-1248.
12.	Klazen CA, Lohle PN, de Vries J, et al. Vertebroplasty versus conservative treatment in acute osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (Vertos II):an open-label randomised trial. Lancet, 2010, 376(9746):1085-1092.
13.	葛建忠, 张慧东, 靳文剑, 等. CT引导单侧椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折. 中国骨伤, 2011, 24(10):824-827.
14.	练辉, 陈德基, 何明基, 等. 侧卧位行经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折的临床研究. 中国介入影像与治疗学, 2007, 4(6):466-469.
15.	胡继军, 田全良, 王松, 等. PKP与过伸复位加PVP治疗新鲜骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折的比较. 内蒙古中医药, 2013, 32(5):93.
16.	尹立刚, 唐炳魁. 手法复位配合经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折的近期疗效观察. 中国矫形外科杂志, 2011, 19(16):1344-1345.
17.	Deen HG. Current status of percutaneous vertebral augmentation techniques for vertebral compression fractures. Neurol Neurochir Pol, 2006, 40(4):320-326.
18.	Uppin AA, Hirsch JA, Centenera LV, et al. Occurrence of new vertebral body fracture after percutaneous vertebroplasty in patients with osteoporosis. Radiology, 2003, 226(1):119-124.
19.	Laredo JD, Hamze B. Complications of percutaneous vertebroplasty and their prevention. Skeletal Radiol, 2004, 33(9):493-505.
20.	Zou J, Mei X, Zhu X, et al. The long-term incidence of subsequent vertebral body fracture after vertebral augmentation therapy:a systemic review and meta-analysis. Pain Physician, 2012, 15(4):E515-522.
21.	Shi MM, Cai XZ, Lin T, et al. Is there really no benefit of vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral fractures? A meta-analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2012, 470(10):2785-2799.
22.	Papanastassiou ID, Phillips FM, Van Meirhaeghe J, et al. Comparing effects of kyphoplasty, vertebroplasty, and non-surgical management in a systematic review of randomized and non-randomized controlled studies. Eur Spine J, 2012, 21(9):1826-1843.
23.	Chosa K, Naito A, Awai K. Newly developed compression fractures after percutaneous vertebroplasty:comparison with conservative treatment. Jpn J Radiol, 2011, 29(5):335-341.
24.	Xing D, Ma JX, Ma XL, et al. A meta-analysis of balloon kyphoplasty compared to percutaneous vertebroplasty for treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. J Clin Neurosci, 2013, 20(6):795-803.
25.	Ma XL, Xing D, Ma JX, et al. Balloon kyphoplasty versus percutaneous vertebroplasty in treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture:grading the evidence through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Spine J, 2012, 21(9):1844-1859.
26.	纪昌宾, 郑修军, 柳翔云, 等. PKP治疗陈旧性骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折的效果. 青岛大学医学院学报, 2013, 49(5):451-452.
27.	Sigaux J, Guignard S, Tuilier T, et al. Efficacity and feasibility of vertebroplasty for severe vertebral fracture:A retrospective study of 12 vertebroplasties. Joint Bone Spine, 2013, 80(3):328-331.
28.	Zhang HT, Sun ZY, Zhu XY, et al. Kyphoplasty for the treatment of very severe osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. J Int Med Res, 2012, 40(6):2394-2400.
29.	王建, 张年春, 刘杰, 等. 单侧入路经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗重度骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2009, 23(1):68-71.
30.	Radcliff KE, Reitman CA, Delasotta LA, et al. Pulmonary cement embolization after kyphoplasty:a case report and review of the literature. Spine J, 2010, 10(10):e1-e5.
31.	Kim KH, Kuh SU, Chin DK, et al. Kyphoplasty versus vertebroplasty:restoration of vertebral body height and correction of kyphotic deformity with special attention to the shape of the fractured vertebrae. J Spinal Disord Tech, 2012, 25(6):338-344.
32.	Zhang JD, Poffyn B, Sys G, et al. Comparison of vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty for complications. Orthop Surg, 2011, 3(3):158-160.
33.	Garnier L, Tonetti J, Bodin A, et al. Kyphoplasty versus vertebroplasty in osteoporotic thoracolumbar spine fractures. Short-term retrospective review of a multicentre cohort of 127 consecutive patients. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res, 2012, 98(6 Suppl):S112-119.
34.	Han S, Wan S, Ning L, et al. Percutaneous vertebroplasty versus balloon kyphoplasty for treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture:a meta-analysis of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials. Int Orthop, 2011, 35(9):1349-1358.
35.	Frankel BM, Monroe T, Wang C. Percutaneous vertebral augmentation:an elevation in adjacent-level fracture risk in kyphoplasty as compared with vertebroplasty. Spine J, 2007, 7(5):575-582.
36.	Fribourg D, Tang C, Sra P, et al. Incidence of subsequent vertebral fracture after kyphoplasty. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2004, 29(20):2270-2277.
37.	Anderson PA, Froyshteter AB, Tontz WL Jr. Meta-analysis of vertebral augmentation compared with conservative treatment for osteoporotic spinal fractures. J Bone Miner Res, 2013, 28(2):372-382.
38.	林春阳, 遇呈祥, 陈亮, 等. 椎体后凸成形术与保守治疗骨质疏松性脊柱骨折的对比研究. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2011, 25(3):303-306.
39.	Mccullough BJ, Comstock BA, Deyo RA, et al. Major medical outcomes with spinal augmentation vs conservative therapy. JAMA Intern Med, 2013, 173(16):1514-1521.
40.	Svedbom A, Alvares L, Cooper C, et al. Balloon kyphoplasty compared to vertebroplasty and nonsurgical management in patients hospitalised with acute osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture:a UK cost-effectiveness analysis. Osteoporos Int, 2013, 24(1):355-367.
41.	Staples MP, Kallmes DF, Comstock BA, et al. Effectiveness of vertebroplasty using individual patient data from two randomised placebo controlled trials:meta-analysis. BMJ, 2011, 343:d3952.
42.	李大刚, 苏培基, 陈敢峰, 等. 椎体成形和椎体后凸成形治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的Meta分析. 中国组织工程研究, 2012, 16(4):713-716.
43.	郑若昆, 胡李辉, 汪贺轩, 等. 椎体成形术治疗椎体压缩骨折的荟萃分析. 中医学报, 2012, 27(5):554-559.
44.	文朝, 潘会琴, 钟秀红, 等. PVP与PKP治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折疗效比较的Meta分析. 实用骨科杂志, 2012, 18(9):776-780.
45.	史建国, 桑庆华. 经皮椎体成形和经皮椎体后凸成形治疗国人胸腰椎压缩性骨折疗效及安全性的Meta分析. 中国组织工程研究与临床康复, 2011, 15(26):4809-4812.
46.	Liu JB, Tang XM, Xu NW, et al. Preliminary results for the treatment of a pain-causing osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture with a Sky Bone Expander. Korean J Radiol, 2008, 9(5):420-425.
47.	郑召民, 邝冠明, 董智勇, 等. 球囊骨扩张器与Sky骨扩张器在经皮椎体后凸成形术中应用的比较研究. 中华外科杂志, 2006, 44(24):1667-1671.
48.	Foo LS, Yeo W, Fook S, et al. Results, experience and technical points learnt with use of the SKy Bone Expander kyphoplasty system for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures:a prospective study of 40 patients with a minimum of 12 months of follow-up. Eur Spine J, 2007, 16(11):1944-1950.
49.	Folman Y, Shabat S. A comparison of two new technologies for percutaneous vertebral augmentation:confidence vertebroplasty vs. sky kyphoplasty. Isr Med Assoc J, 2011, 13(7):394-397.
50.	Lam S, Khoo LT. A novel percutaneous system for bone graft delivery and containment for elevation and stabilization of vertebral compression fractures. Technical note. Neurosurg Focus, 2005, 18(3):e10.
51.	Inamasu J, Guiot BH, Uribe JS. Flexion-distraction injury of the L₁ vertebra treated with short-segment posterior fixation and Optimesh. J Clin Neurosci, 2008, 15(2):214-218.
52.	Belkoff SM, Molloy S. Temperature measurement during polymerization of polymethylmethacrylate cement used for vertebroplasty. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2003, 28(14):1555-1559.
53.	Belkoff SM, Mathis JM, Erbe EM, et al. Biomechanical evaluation of a new bone cement for use in vertebroplasty. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2000, 25(9):1061-1064.
54.	Bae H, Hatten HP Jr, Linovitz R, et al. A prospective randomized FDA-IDE trial comparing Cortoss with PMMA for vertebroplasty:a comparative effectiveness research study with 24-month follow-up. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2012, 37(7):544-550.
55.	Gu Y, Zhang F, Jiang X, et al. Minimally invasive pedicle screw fixation combined with percutaneous vertebroplasty in the surgical treatment of thoracolumbar osteoporosis fracture. J Neurosurg Spine, 2013, 18(6):634-640.

1. Mckiernan FE. The broadening spectrum of osteoporotic vertebral fracture. Skeletal Radiol, 2009, 38(4):303-308.
2. Varga PP, Bors IB, Lazáry Á. Orthopedic treatment of vertebral compression fractures in osteoporosis. Orv Hetil, 2011, 152(33):1328-1336.
3. Kim DH, Silber JS, Albert TJ. Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Instr Course Lect, 2003, 52:541-550.
4. Kim DH, Vaccaro AR. Osteoporotic compression fractures of the spine; current options and considerations for treatment. Spine J, 2006, 6(5):479-487.
5. 徐耀宁, 郑秋坚, 昌耘冰, 等. 经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折的进展. 中国骨科临床与基础研究杂志, 2012, 4(4):300-307.
6. Galibert P, Deramond H, Rosat P, et al. Preliminary note on the treatment of vertebral angioma by percutaneous acrylic vertebroplasty. Neurochirurgie, 1987, 33(2):166-168.
7. Chen LH, Lai PL, Chen WJ. Current status of vertebroplasty for osteoporotic compression fracture. Chang Gung Med J, 2011, 34(4):352-359.
8. Buchbinder R, Osborne RH, Ebeling PR, et al. A randomized trial of vertebroplasty for painful osteoporotic vertebral fractures. N Engl J Med, 2009, 361(6):557-568.
9. Kallmes DF, Comstock BA, Heagerty PJ, et al. A randomized trial of vertebroplasty for osteoporotic spinal fractures. N Engl J Med, 2009, 361(6):569-579.
10. Lotz JC. Trials of vertebroplasty for vertebral fractures. N Engl J Med, 2009, 361(21):2098-2100.
11. Aebi M. Vertebroplasty:about sense and nonsense of uncontrolled "controlled randomized prospective trials". Eur Spine J, 2009, 18(9):1247-1248.
12. Klazen CA, Lohle PN, de Vries J, et al. Vertebroplasty versus conservative treatment in acute osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (Vertos II):an open-label randomised trial. Lancet, 2010, 376(9746):1085-1092.
13. 葛建忠, 张慧东, 靳文剑, 等. CT引导单侧椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折. 中国骨伤, 2011, 24(10):824-827.
14. 练辉, 陈德基, 何明基, 等. 侧卧位行经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折的临床研究. 中国介入影像与治疗学, 2007, 4(6):466-469.
15. 胡继军, 田全良, 王松, 等. PKP与过伸复位加PVP治疗新鲜骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折的比较. 内蒙古中医药, 2013, 32(5):93.
16. 尹立刚, 唐炳魁. 手法复位配合经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折的近期疗效观察. 中国矫形外科杂志, 2011, 19(16):1344-1345.
17. Deen HG. Current status of percutaneous vertebral augmentation techniques for vertebral compression fractures. Neurol Neurochir Pol, 2006, 40(4):320-326.
18. Uppin AA, Hirsch JA, Centenera LV, et al. Occurrence of new vertebral body fracture after percutaneous vertebroplasty in patients with osteoporosis. Radiology, 2003, 226(1):119-124.
19. Laredo JD, Hamze B. Complications of percutaneous vertebroplasty and their prevention. Skeletal Radiol, 2004, 33(9):493-505.
20. Zou J, Mei X, Zhu X, et al. The long-term incidence of subsequent vertebral body fracture after vertebral augmentation therapy:a systemic review and meta-analysis. Pain Physician, 2012, 15(4):E515-522.
21. Shi MM, Cai XZ, Lin T, et al. Is there really no benefit of vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral fractures? A meta-analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2012, 470(10):2785-2799.
22. Papanastassiou ID, Phillips FM, Van Meirhaeghe J, et al. Comparing effects of kyphoplasty, vertebroplasty, and non-surgical management in a systematic review of randomized and non-randomized controlled studies. Eur Spine J, 2012, 21(9):1826-1843.
23. Chosa K, Naito A, Awai K. Newly developed compression fractures after percutaneous vertebroplasty:comparison with conservative treatment. Jpn J Radiol, 2011, 29(5):335-341.
24. Xing D, Ma JX, Ma XL, et al. A meta-analysis of balloon kyphoplasty compared to percutaneous vertebroplasty for treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. J Clin Neurosci, 2013, 20(6):795-803.
25. Ma XL, Xing D, Ma JX, et al. Balloon kyphoplasty versus percutaneous vertebroplasty in treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture:grading the evidence through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Spine J, 2012, 21(9):1844-1859.
26. 纪昌宾, 郑修军, 柳翔云, 等. PKP治疗陈旧性骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折的效果. 青岛大学医学院学报, 2013, 49(5):451-452.
27. Sigaux J, Guignard S, Tuilier T, et al. Efficacity and feasibility of vertebroplasty for severe vertebral fracture:A retrospective study of 12 vertebroplasties. Joint Bone Spine, 2013, 80(3):328-331.
28. Zhang HT, Sun ZY, Zhu XY, et al. Kyphoplasty for the treatment of very severe osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. J Int Med Res, 2012, 40(6):2394-2400.
29. 王建, 张年春, 刘杰, 等. 单侧入路经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗重度骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2009, 23(1):68-71.
30. Radcliff KE, Reitman CA, Delasotta LA, et al. Pulmonary cement embolization after kyphoplasty:a case report and review of the literature. Spine J, 2010, 10(10):e1-e5.
31. Kim KH, Kuh SU, Chin DK, et al. Kyphoplasty versus vertebroplasty:restoration of vertebral body height and correction of kyphotic deformity with special attention to the shape of the fractured vertebrae. J Spinal Disord Tech, 2012, 25(6):338-344.
32. Zhang JD, Poffyn B, Sys G, et al. Comparison of vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty for complications. Orthop Surg, 2011, 3(3):158-160.
33. Garnier L, Tonetti J, Bodin A, et al. Kyphoplasty versus vertebroplasty in osteoporotic thoracolumbar spine fractures. Short-term retrospective review of a multicentre cohort of 127 consecutive patients. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res, 2012, 98(6 Suppl):S112-119.
34. Han S, Wan S, Ning L, et al. Percutaneous vertebroplasty versus balloon kyphoplasty for treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture:a meta-analysis of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials. Int Orthop, 2011, 35(9):1349-1358.
35. Frankel BM, Monroe T, Wang C. Percutaneous vertebral augmentation:an elevation in adjacent-level fracture risk in kyphoplasty as compared with vertebroplasty. Spine J, 2007, 7(5):575-582.
36. Fribourg D, Tang C, Sra P, et al. Incidence of subsequent vertebral fracture after kyphoplasty. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2004, 29(20):2270-2277.
37. Anderson PA, Froyshteter AB, Tontz WL Jr. Meta-analysis of vertebral augmentation compared with conservative treatment for osteoporotic spinal fractures. J Bone Miner Res, 2013, 28(2):372-382.
38. 林春阳, 遇呈祥, 陈亮, 等. 椎体后凸成形术与保守治疗骨质疏松性脊柱骨折的对比研究. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2011, 25(3):303-306.
39. Mccullough BJ, Comstock BA, Deyo RA, et al. Major medical outcomes with spinal augmentation vs conservative therapy. JAMA Intern Med, 2013, 173(16):1514-1521.
40. Svedbom A, Alvares L, Cooper C, et al. Balloon kyphoplasty compared to vertebroplasty and nonsurgical management in patients hospitalised with acute osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture:a UK cost-effectiveness analysis. Osteoporos Int, 2013, 24(1):355-367.
41. Staples MP, Kallmes DF, Comstock BA, et al. Effectiveness of vertebroplasty using individual patient data from two randomised placebo controlled trials:meta-analysis. BMJ, 2011, 343:d3952.
42. 李大刚, 苏培基, 陈敢峰, 等. 椎体成形和椎体后凸成形治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的Meta分析. 中国组织工程研究, 2012, 16(4):713-716.
43. 郑若昆, 胡李辉, 汪贺轩, 等. 椎体成形术治疗椎体压缩骨折的荟萃分析. 中医学报, 2012, 27(5):554-559.
44. 文朝, 潘会琴, 钟秀红, 等. PVP与PKP治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折疗效比较的Meta分析. 实用骨科杂志, 2012, 18(9):776-780.
45. 史建国, 桑庆华. 经皮椎体成形和经皮椎体后凸成形治疗国人胸腰椎压缩性骨折疗效及安全性的Meta分析. 中国组织工程研究与临床康复, 2011, 15(26):4809-4812.
46. Liu JB, Tang XM, Xu NW, et al. Preliminary results for the treatment of a pain-causing osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture with a Sky Bone Expander. Korean J Radiol, 2008, 9(5):420-425.
47. 郑召民, 邝冠明, 董智勇, 等. 球囊骨扩张器与Sky骨扩张器在经皮椎体后凸成形术中应用的比较研究. 中华外科杂志, 2006, 44(24):1667-1671.
48. Foo LS, Yeo W, Fook S, et al. Results, experience and technical points learnt with use of the SKy Bone Expander kyphoplasty system for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures:a prospective study of 40 patients with a minimum of 12 months of follow-up. Eur Spine J, 2007, 16(11):1944-1950.
49. Folman Y, Shabat S. A comparison of two new technologies for percutaneous vertebral augmentation:confidence vertebroplasty vs. sky kyphoplasty. Isr Med Assoc J, 2011, 13(7):394-397.
50. Lam S, Khoo LT. A novel percutaneous system for bone graft delivery and containment for elevation and stabilization of vertebral compression fractures. Technical note. Neurosurg Focus, 2005, 18(3):e10.
51. Inamasu J, Guiot BH, Uribe JS. Flexion-distraction injury of the L₁ vertebra treated with short-segment posterior fixation and Optimesh. J Clin Neurosci, 2008, 15(2):214-218.
52. Belkoff SM, Molloy S. Temperature measurement during polymerization of polymethylmethacrylate cement used for vertebroplasty. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2003, 28(14):1555-1559.
53. Belkoff SM, Mathis JM, Erbe EM, et al. Biomechanical evaluation of a new bone cement for use in vertebroplasty. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2000, 25(9):1061-1064.
54. Bae H, Hatten HP Jr, Linovitz R, et al. A prospective randomized FDA-IDE trial comparing Cortoss with PMMA for vertebroplasty:a comparative effectiveness research study with 24-month follow-up. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2012, 37(7):544-550.
55. Gu Y, Zhang F, Jiang X, et al. Minimally invasive pedicle screw fixation combined with percutaneous vertebroplasty in the surgical treatment of thoracolumbar osteoporosis fracture. J Neurosurg Spine, 2013, 18(6):634-640.

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LATEST PROGRESS ON MINIMALLY INVASIVE TREATMENT OF OSTEOPOROTIC VERTEBRAL COMPRESSION FRACTURE

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