RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BONE MINERAL DENSITY AND LUMBAR INTERVERTEBRAL DISC DEGENERATION IN RHESUS MACAQUES_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

WEIFuxin , ZHONGRui , WANGLe , CUIShangbin ,  LIUShaoyu , ZOUXuenong , ZHOUZhiyu , LIANGZijian

Department of Spinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510080, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

LIUShaoyu, Email: gzsyliu@tom.com

Keywords：

Lumbar vertebra; Bone mineral density; Lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration; Rhesus macaques

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.20140160

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Objective To analyze the relationship between the bone mineral density (BMD) and lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration in rhesus macaques by using T1ρ-MRI. Methods Twenty female rhesus macaques at the age of 10.9 years on average (rang, 4-20 years) were selected. The lumbar intervertebral discs were classified by Pfirrmann grading system and the T1ρ relaxation time (T1ρ value) was examined by using MRI (Philips 1.5 Tesla), and then BMD values of the L_4,5 vertebrae and femoral ward's triangle were detected by using Osteocore dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Finally, the relationship of T1ρ value of the lumbar intervertebral discs and Pfirrmann grading with age, weight, BMD of lumbar vertebrae and femoral ward's triangle was analyzed. Results The BMD values of lumbar vertebrae and femoral ward's triangle were (0.64±0.17) g/cm² and (0.67±0.19) g/cm² respectively, showing no significant difference (t=2.893, P=0.128). According to Pfirrmann grading system, there were 7 cases of grade I, 8 cases of grade Ⅱ, and 5 cases of grade Ⅲ at L_4,5 intervertebral discs. The T1ρ value of the lumbar intervertebral disc was (104.08±18.65) ms; the T1ρ values of grades I, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ were (121.31±13.44), (104.73±15.01), and (77.41±11.87) ms, respectively. There was a negative correlation between T1ρ value and the age and the BMD of lumbar vertebrae and femoral ward's triangle. There was a positive correlation between Pfirrmann grading and the variables as listed above. Significant negative linear correlation was also observed between T1ρ value and Pfirrmann grading. Conclusion The T1ρ value is a reliable index when quantifying lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration, and there is a significant positive correlation between BMD and lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration in rhesus macaques.

Citation： WEIFuxin, ZHONGRui, WANGLe, CUIShangbin, LIUShaoyu, ZOUXuenong, ZHOUZhiyu, LIANGZijian. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BONE MINERAL DENSITY AND LUMBAR INTERVERTEBRAL DISC DEGENERATION IN RHESUS MACAQUES. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2014, 28(6): 718-722. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.20140160 Copy

1.	Yang Z, Griffith JF, Leung PC, et al. Effect of osteoporosis on morphology and mobility of the lumbar spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2009, 34(3):E115-121.
2.	Mattei TA. Osteoporosis delays intervertebral disc degeneration by increasing intradiscal diffusive transport of nutrients through both mechanical and vascular pathophysiological pathways. Med Hypotheses, 2013, 80(5):582-586.
3.	Pollintine P, Dolan P, Tobias JH, et al. Intervertebral disc degeneration can lead to "stress-shielding" of the anterior vertebral body:a cause of osteoporotic vertebral fracture? Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2004, 29(7):774-782.
4.	Homminga J, Aquarius R, Bulsink VE, et al. Can vertebral density changes be explained by intervertebral disc degeneration? Med Eng Phys, 2012, 34(4):453-458.
5.	Wang T, Zhang L, Huang C, et al. Relationship between osteopenia and lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration in ovariectomized rats. Calcif Tissue Int, 2004, 75(3):205-213.
6.	Wang Y, Battié MC, Boyd SK, et al. The osseous endplates in lumbar vertebrae:thickness, bone mineral density and their associations with age and disk degeneration. Bone, 2011, 48(4):804-809.
7.	Zhou Z, Jiang B, Zhou Z, et al. Intervertebral disk degeneration:T1ρ MR imaging of human and animal models. Radiology, 2013, 268(2):492-500.
8.	Pfirrmann CW, Metzdorf A, Zanetti M, et al. Magnetic resonance classification of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2001, 26(17):1873-1878.
9.	Fabreguet I, Fechtenbaum J, Briot K, et al. Lumbar disc degeneration in osteoporotic men:prevalence and assessment of the relation with presence of vertebral fracture. J Rheumatol, 2013, 40(7):1183-1190.
10.	Rand N, Reichert F, Floman Y, et al. Murine nucleus pulposus-derived cells secrete interleukins-1-beta, -6, and -10 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in cell culture. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1997, 22(22):2598-2601.
11.	Takahash H, Suguro T, Okazima Y, et al. Inflammatory cytokines in the herniated disc of the lumbar spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1996, 21(2):218-224.
12.	Le Maitre CL, Hoyland JA, Freemont AJ, et al. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist delivered directly and by gene therapy inhibits matrix degradation in the intact degenerate human intervertebral disc:an in situ zymographic and gene therapy study. Arthritis Res Ther, 2007, 9(4):R83.
13.	肖扬, 王万春. 细胞因子与骨质疏松症. 中国临床康复, 2006, 10(32):126-129.
14.	Miyakoshi N, Itoi E, Murai H, et al. Inverse relation between osteoporosis and spondylosis in postmenopausal women as evaluated by bone mineral density and semiquantitative scoring of spinal degeneration. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2003, 28(5):492-495.
15.	Wenig CM, Schmidt CO, Kohlmann T, et al. Costs of back pain in Germany. Eur J Pain, 2009, 13(3):280-286.
16.	Blumenkrantz G, Zuo J, Li X, et al. In vivo 3.0-tesla magnetic resonance T1rho and T2 relaxation mapping in subjects with intervertebral disc degeneration and clinical symptoms. Magn Reson Med, 2010, 63(5):1193-1200.
17.	Borthakur A, Maurer PM, Fenty M, et al. T1ρ magnetic resonance imaging and discography pressure as novel biomarkers for disc degeneration and low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2011, 36(25):2190-2196.
18.	Zuo J, Joseph GB, Li X, et al. In vivo intervertebral disc characterization using magnetic resonance spectroscopy and T1ρ imaging:association with discography and Oswestry Disability Index and Short Form-36 Health Survey. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2012, 37(3):214-221.
19.	Zobel BB, Vadalà G, Del Vescovo R, et al. T1ρ magnetic resonance imaging quantification of early lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration in healthy young adults. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2012, 37(14):1224-1230.
20.	Wang YX, Zhao F, Griffith JF, et al. T1rho and T2 relaxation times for lumbar disc degeneration:an in vivo comparative study at 3.0-Tesla MRI. Eur Radiol, 2013, 23(1):228-234.
21.	Simpson EK, Parkinson IH, Manthey B, et al. Intervertebral disc disorganization is related to trabecular bone architecture in the lumbar spine. J Bone Miner Res, 2001, 16(4):681-687.
22.	Nasto LA, Wang D, Robinson AR, et al. Genotoxic stress accelerates age-associated degenerative changes in intervertebral discs. Mech Ageing Dev, 2013, 134(1-2):35-42.
23.	Roughley PJ, Alini M, Antoniou J. The role of proteoglycans in aging, degeneration and repair of the intervertebral disc. Biochem Soc Trans, 2002, 30(Pt 6):869-874.

1. Yang Z, Griffith JF, Leung PC, et al. Effect of osteoporosis on morphology and mobility of the lumbar spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2009, 34(3):E115-121.
2. Mattei TA. Osteoporosis delays intervertebral disc degeneration by increasing intradiscal diffusive transport of nutrients through both mechanical and vascular pathophysiological pathways. Med Hypotheses, 2013, 80(5):582-586.
3. Pollintine P, Dolan P, Tobias JH, et al. Intervertebral disc degeneration can lead to "stress-shielding" of the anterior vertebral body:a cause of osteoporotic vertebral fracture? Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2004, 29(7):774-782.
4. Homminga J, Aquarius R, Bulsink VE, et al. Can vertebral density changes be explained by intervertebral disc degeneration? Med Eng Phys, 2012, 34(4):453-458.
5. Wang T, Zhang L, Huang C, et al. Relationship between osteopenia and lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration in ovariectomized rats. Calcif Tissue Int, 2004, 75(3):205-213.
6. Wang Y, Battié MC, Boyd SK, et al. The osseous endplates in lumbar vertebrae:thickness, bone mineral density and their associations with age and disk degeneration. Bone, 2011, 48(4):804-809.
7. Zhou Z, Jiang B, Zhou Z, et al. Intervertebral disk degeneration:T1ρ MR imaging of human and animal models. Radiology, 2013, 268(2):492-500.
8. Pfirrmann CW, Metzdorf A, Zanetti M, et al. Magnetic resonance classification of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2001, 26(17):1873-1878.
9. Fabreguet I, Fechtenbaum J, Briot K, et al. Lumbar disc degeneration in osteoporotic men:prevalence and assessment of the relation with presence of vertebral fracture. J Rheumatol, 2013, 40(7):1183-1190.
10. Rand N, Reichert F, Floman Y, et al. Murine nucleus pulposus-derived cells secrete interleukins-1-beta, -6, and -10 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in cell culture. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1997, 22(22):2598-2601.
11. Takahash H, Suguro T, Okazima Y, et al. Inflammatory cytokines in the herniated disc of the lumbar spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1996, 21(2):218-224.
12. Le Maitre CL, Hoyland JA, Freemont AJ, et al. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist delivered directly and by gene therapy inhibits matrix degradation in the intact degenerate human intervertebral disc:an in situ zymographic and gene therapy study. Arthritis Res Ther, 2007, 9(4):R83.
13. 肖扬, 王万春. 细胞因子与骨质疏松症. 中国临床康复, 2006, 10(32):126-129.
14. Miyakoshi N, Itoi E, Murai H, et al. Inverse relation between osteoporosis and spondylosis in postmenopausal women as evaluated by bone mineral density and semiquantitative scoring of spinal degeneration. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2003, 28(5):492-495.
15. Wenig CM, Schmidt CO, Kohlmann T, et al. Costs of back pain in Germany. Eur J Pain, 2009, 13(3):280-286.
16. Blumenkrantz G, Zuo J, Li X, et al. In vivo 3.0-tesla magnetic resonance T1rho and T2 relaxation mapping in subjects with intervertebral disc degeneration and clinical symptoms. Magn Reson Med, 2010, 63(5):1193-1200.
17. Borthakur A, Maurer PM, Fenty M, et al. T1ρ magnetic resonance imaging and discography pressure as novel biomarkers for disc degeneration and low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2011, 36(25):2190-2196.
18. Zuo J, Joseph GB, Li X, et al. In vivo intervertebral disc characterization using magnetic resonance spectroscopy and T1ρ imaging:association with discography and Oswestry Disability Index and Short Form-36 Health Survey. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2012, 37(3):214-221.
19. Zobel BB, Vadalà G, Del Vescovo R, et al. T1ρ magnetic resonance imaging quantification of early lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration in healthy young adults. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2012, 37(14):1224-1230.
20. Wang YX, Zhao F, Griffith JF, et al. T1rho and T2 relaxation times for lumbar disc degeneration:an in vivo comparative study at 3.0-Tesla MRI. Eur Radiol, 2013, 23(1):228-234.
21. Simpson EK, Parkinson IH, Manthey B, et al. Intervertebral disc disorganization is related to trabecular bone architecture in the lumbar spine. J Bone Miner Res, 2001, 16(4):681-687.
22. Nasto LA, Wang D, Robinson AR, et al. Genotoxic stress accelerates age-associated degenerative changes in intervertebral discs. Mech Ageing Dev, 2013, 134(1-2):35-42.
23. Roughley PJ, Alini M, Antoniou J. The role of proteoglycans in aging, degeneration and repair of the intervertebral disc. Biochem Soc Trans, 2002, 30(Pt 6):869-874.

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BONE MINERAL DENSITY AND LUMBAR INTERVERTEBRAL DISC DEGENERATION IN RHESUS MACAQUES

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