DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH OF PREVENTION OF PROSTHETIC JOINT INFECTION_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

CAOJian'gang ,  LIUJun

Department of Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

LIUJun, Email: drliujun@hotmail.com

Keywords：

Prosthetic joint infection; Total joint arthroplasty; Prevention of infection; Complication

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.20150052

Video：

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Objective To summarize the recent progress in prevention of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) so as to provide clinical references. Methods The publications concerning the etiology and surgical management of PJI were reviewed, analyzed, and summarized. Results The prevention of PJI is related to preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative aspects of PJI, comprehensive treatment is considered to be the most common method for PJI. Conclusion These prevention strategies that may be utilized in all phases of perioperative care, a multifaceted approach to the patient undergoing total joint replacement will have the greatest positive effect

Citation： CAOJian'gang, LIUJun. DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH OF PREVENTION OF PROSTHETIC JOINT INFECTION. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2015, 29(2): 250-253. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.20150052 Copy

1.	Urquhart DM, Hanna FS, Brennan SL, et al. Incidence and risk factors for deep surgical site infection after primary total hip arthroplasty:a systemic review. J Arthroplasty, 2010, 25(8):1216-1222.e1-3.
2.	Ong KL, Kurtz SM, Lau E, et al. Prosthetic joint infection risk after total hip arthroplasty in the Medicare population. J Arthroplasty, 2009, 24(6 Suppl):105-109.
3.	Bozic KJ, Kurtz SM, Lau E, et al. The epidemiology of revision total knee arthroplasty in the United States. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2010, 468(1):45-51.
4.	Bozic KJ, Kurtz SM, Lau E, et al. The epidemiology of revision total hip arthroplasty in the United States. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2009, 91(1):128-133.
5.	Clohisy JC, Calvert G, Tull F, et al. Reasons for revision hip surgery:a retrospective review. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2004, (429):188-192.
6.	Kurtz SM, Lau E, Schmier J, et al. Infection burden for hip and knee arthroplasty in the United States. J Arthroplasty, 2008, 23(7):984-991.
7.	Lai K, Bohm ER, Burnell C, et al. Presence of medical comorbidities in patients with infected primary hip or knee arthroplasties. J Arthroplasty, 2007, 22(5):651-656.
8.	Wu C, Qu X, Liu F, et al. Risk factors for periprosthetic joint infection after total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty in Chinese patients. PLoS One, 2014, 9(4):e95300.
9.	Marín LA, Salido JA, López A, et al. Preoperative nutritional evaluation as a prognostic tool for wound healing. Acta Orthop Scand, 2002, 73(1):2-5.
10.	Dolan RT, Butler JS, Murphy SM, et al. Health-related quality of life, surgical and aesthetic outcomes following microvascular free flap reconstructions:an 8-year institutional review. Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 2012, 94(1):43-51.
11.	Bushnell BD, Horton JK, McDonald MF, et al. Preoperative medical comorbidities in the orthopaedic patient. J Am Acad Orthop Surg, 2008, 16(4):216-227.
12.	Argintar E, Triantafillou K, Delahay J, et al. The musculoskeletal effects of perioperative smoking. J Am Acad Orthop Surg, 2012, 20(6):359-363.
13.	Jain RK, Shukla R, Singh P, et al. Epidemiology and risk factors for surgical site infections in patients requiring orthopedic surgery. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol, 2014.[Epub ahead of print].
14.	Marchant MH Jr, Viens NA, Cook C, et al. The impact of glycemic control and diabetes mellitus on perioperative outcomes after total joint arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2009, 91(7):1621-1629.
15.	Viens NA, Hug KT, Marchant MH, et al. Role of diabetes type in perioperative outcomes after hip and knee arthroplasty in the United States. J Surg Orthop Adv, 2012, 21(4):253-260.
16.	Anderson DJ, Sexton DJ, Kanalani ZA, et al. Severe surgical site infection in community hospitals:epidemiology, key procedures, and the changing prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 2007, 28(9):1047-1053.
17.	Köck R, Becker K, Cookson B, et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA):burden of disease and control challenges in Europe. Euro Surveill, 2010, 15(41):19688.
18.	Chen Y, Liu Z, Duo L, et al. Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus from distinct geographic locations in China:an increasing prevalence of spa-t030 and SCCmec type Ⅲ. PLoS One, 2014, 9(4):e96255.
19.	Matheson A, Christie P, Stari T, et al. Nasal swab screening for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 2012, 33(8):803-808.
20.	Ten Broeke-Smits NJ, Kummer JA, Bleys RL, et al. Hair follicles as a niche of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose; is a more effective decolonization strategy needed? J Hosp Infect, 2010, 76(3):211-214.
21.	Kalmeijer MD, van Nieuwland-Bollen E, Bogaers-Hofman D, et al. Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus is a major risk factor for surgical-site infections in orthopedic surgery. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 2000, 21(5):319-323.
22.	Simor AE. Staphylococcal decolonization:an effective strategy for prevention of infection? Lancet Infect Dis, 2011, 11(12):952-962.
23.	Rao N, Cannella BA, Crossett LS, et al. Prospective screening/decolonization for Staphylococcus aureus to prevent orthopedic surgical site infection:prospective cohort study with 2-year follow-up. J Arthroplasty, 2011, 26(8):1501-1507.
24.	Kapadia BH, Pivec R, Johnson AJ, et al. Infection prevention methodologies for lower extremity total joint arthroplasty. Expert Rev Med Devices, 2013, 10(2):215-224.
25.	Jose B, Dignon A. Is there a relationship between preoperative shaving (hair removal) and surgical site infection? J Perioper Pract, 2013, 23(1-2):22-25.
26.	Tanner J, Woodings D, Moncaster K. Preoperative hair removal to reduce surgical site infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2006, (3):CD004122.
27.	Matar WY, Jafari SM, Restrepo C, et al. Preventing infection in total joint arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2010, 92(Suppl 2):36-46.
28.	Fletcher N, Sofianos D, Berkes MB, et al. Prevention of perioperative infection. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2007, 89(7):1605-1618.
29.	Hubble MJ, Weale AE, Perez JV, et al. Clothing in laminar-flow operating theatres. J Hosp Infect, 1996, 32(1):1-7.
30.	Hooper GJ, Rothwell AG, Frampton C, et al. Does the use of laminar flow and space suits reduce early deep infection after total hip and knee replacement?:the ten-year results of the New Zealand Joint Registry. J Bone Joint Surg (Br), 2011, 93(1):85-90.
31.	Tanner J, Parkinson H. Double gloving to reduce surgical cross-infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2006, 19(3):CD003087.
32.	Al-Maiyah M, Bajwa A, Mackenney P, et al. Glove perforation and contamination in primary total hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg (Br), 2005, 87(4):556-559.
33.	Knobben BA, van Horn JR, van der Mei HC, et al. Evaluation of measures to decrease intra-operative bacterial contamination in orthopaedic implant surgery. J Hosp Infect, 2006, 62(2):174-180.
34.	Ritter MA, Olberding EM, Malinzak RA. Ultraviolet lighting during orthopedic surgery and the rate of infection. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2007, 89(9):1935-1940.
35.	Hanssen AD, Rand JA. Evaluation and treatment of infection at the site of a total hip or knee arthroplasty. Instr Course Lect, 1999, 48:111-122.
36.	Prokuski L. Prophylactic antibiotics in orthopaedic surgery. J Am Acad Orthop Surg, 2008, 16(5):283-293.
37.	AlBuhairan B, Hind D, Hutchinson A. Antibiotic prophylaxis for wound infections in total join arthroplasty:a systemic review. J Bone Joint Surg (Br), 2008, 90(7):915-919.
38.	Prokuski L. Prophylactic antibiotics in orthopaedic surgery. J Am Acad Orthop Surg, 2008, 16(5):283-293.
39.	Meehan J, Jamali AA, Nguyen H. Prophylactic antibiotics in hip and knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2009, 91(10):2480-2490.
40.	Prokuski L, Clyburn TA, Evans RP, et al. Prophylactic antibiotics in orthopaedic surgery. Instr Course Lect, 2011, 60:545-555.
41.	Jiranek WA, Hanssen AD, Greenwald AS. Antibiotic-loaded bone cement for infection prophylaxis in total joint replacement. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2006, 88(11):2487-2500.
42.	Espehaug B, Engesaeter LB, Vollset SE, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis in total hip arthroplasty. Review of 10,905 primary cemented total hip replacements reported to Norwegian arthroplasty registry, 1987 to 1995. J Bone Joint Surg (Br), 1997, 79(4):590-595.
43.	Kalteis T, Lehn N, Schröder HJ, et al. Contaminant seeding in bone by different irrigation methods:an experimental study. J Orthop Trauma, 2005, 19(9):591-596.
44.	Draeger R, Dahners LE. Traumatic wound debridement:a comparison of irrigation methods. J Orthop Trauma, 2006, 20(2):83-88.
45.	Anglen JO, Gainor BJ, Simpson WA, et al. The use of detergent irrigation for musculoskeletal wounds. Int Orthop, 2003, 27(1):40-46.
46.	Manian FA, Meyer PL, Setzer J, et al. Surgical site infections associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus:do postoperative factors play a role? Clin Infect Dis, 2003, 36(7):863-868.
47.	Lionelli GT, Lawrence WT. Wound dressings. Surg Clin North Am, 2003, 83(3):617-638.
48.	Mortazavi SM, Hansen P, Zmistowski B, et al. Hematoma following primary total hip arthroplasty:a grave complication. J Arthroplasty, 2012, 28(3):498-503.
49.	Galat DD, McGovern SC, Hanssen AD, et al. Early return to surgery for evacuation of a postoperative hematoma after primary total knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2008, 90(11):2331-2336.
50.	American Dental Association, American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons. Antibiotic prophylaxis for dental patients with total joint replacements. J Am Dent Assoc, 2003, 134(7):895-899.

1. Urquhart DM, Hanna FS, Brennan SL, et al. Incidence and risk factors for deep surgical site infection after primary total hip arthroplasty:a systemic review. J Arthroplasty, 2010, 25(8):1216-1222.e1-3.
2. Ong KL, Kurtz SM, Lau E, et al. Prosthetic joint infection risk after total hip arthroplasty in the Medicare population. J Arthroplasty, 2009, 24(6 Suppl):105-109.
3. Bozic KJ, Kurtz SM, Lau E, et al. The epidemiology of revision total knee arthroplasty in the United States. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2010, 468(1):45-51.
4. Bozic KJ, Kurtz SM, Lau E, et al. The epidemiology of revision total hip arthroplasty in the United States. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2009, 91(1):128-133.
5. Clohisy JC, Calvert G, Tull F, et al. Reasons for revision hip surgery:a retrospective review. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2004, (429):188-192.
6. Kurtz SM, Lau E, Schmier J, et al. Infection burden for hip and knee arthroplasty in the United States. J Arthroplasty, 2008, 23(7):984-991.
7. Lai K, Bohm ER, Burnell C, et al. Presence of medical comorbidities in patients with infected primary hip or knee arthroplasties. J Arthroplasty, 2007, 22(5):651-656.
8. Wu C, Qu X, Liu F, et al. Risk factors for periprosthetic joint infection after total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty in Chinese patients. PLoS One, 2014, 9(4):e95300.
9. Marín LA, Salido JA, López A, et al. Preoperative nutritional evaluation as a prognostic tool for wound healing. Acta Orthop Scand, 2002, 73(1):2-5.
10. Dolan RT, Butler JS, Murphy SM, et al. Health-related quality of life, surgical and aesthetic outcomes following microvascular free flap reconstructions:an 8-year institutional review. Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 2012, 94(1):43-51.
11. Bushnell BD, Horton JK, McDonald MF, et al. Preoperative medical comorbidities in the orthopaedic patient. J Am Acad Orthop Surg, 2008, 16(4):216-227.
12. Argintar E, Triantafillou K, Delahay J, et al. The musculoskeletal effects of perioperative smoking. J Am Acad Orthop Surg, 2012, 20(6):359-363.
13. Jain RK, Shukla R, Singh P, et al. Epidemiology and risk factors for surgical site infections in patients requiring orthopedic surgery. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol, 2014.[Epub ahead of print].
14. Marchant MH Jr, Viens NA, Cook C, et al. The impact of glycemic control and diabetes mellitus on perioperative outcomes after total joint arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2009, 91(7):1621-1629.
15. Viens NA, Hug KT, Marchant MH, et al. Role of diabetes type in perioperative outcomes after hip and knee arthroplasty in the United States. J Surg Orthop Adv, 2012, 21(4):253-260.
16. Anderson DJ, Sexton DJ, Kanalani ZA, et al. Severe surgical site infection in community hospitals:epidemiology, key procedures, and the changing prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 2007, 28(9):1047-1053.
17. Köck R, Becker K, Cookson B, et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA):burden of disease and control challenges in Europe. Euro Surveill, 2010, 15(41):19688.
18. Chen Y, Liu Z, Duo L, et al. Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus from distinct geographic locations in China:an increasing prevalence of spa-t030 and SCCmec type Ⅲ. PLoS One, 2014, 9(4):e96255.
19. Matheson A, Christie P, Stari T, et al. Nasal swab screening for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 2012, 33(8):803-808.
20. Ten Broeke-Smits NJ, Kummer JA, Bleys RL, et al. Hair follicles as a niche of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose; is a more effective decolonization strategy needed? J Hosp Infect, 2010, 76(3):211-214.
21. Kalmeijer MD, van Nieuwland-Bollen E, Bogaers-Hofman D, et al. Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus is a major risk factor for surgical-site infections in orthopedic surgery. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 2000, 21(5):319-323.
22. Simor AE. Staphylococcal decolonization:an effective strategy for prevention of infection? Lancet Infect Dis, 2011, 11(12):952-962.
23. Rao N, Cannella BA, Crossett LS, et al. Prospective screening/decolonization for Staphylococcus aureus to prevent orthopedic surgical site infection:prospective cohort study with 2-year follow-up. J Arthroplasty, 2011, 26(8):1501-1507.
24. Kapadia BH, Pivec R, Johnson AJ, et al. Infection prevention methodologies for lower extremity total joint arthroplasty. Expert Rev Med Devices, 2013, 10(2):215-224.
25. Jose B, Dignon A. Is there a relationship between preoperative shaving (hair removal) and surgical site infection? J Perioper Pract, 2013, 23(1-2):22-25.
26. Tanner J, Woodings D, Moncaster K. Preoperative hair removal to reduce surgical site infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2006, (3):CD004122.
27. Matar WY, Jafari SM, Restrepo C, et al. Preventing infection in total joint arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2010, 92(Suppl 2):36-46.
28. Fletcher N, Sofianos D, Berkes MB, et al. Prevention of perioperative infection. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2007, 89(7):1605-1618.
29. Hubble MJ, Weale AE, Perez JV, et al. Clothing in laminar-flow operating theatres. J Hosp Infect, 1996, 32(1):1-7.
30. Hooper GJ, Rothwell AG, Frampton C, et al. Does the use of laminar flow and space suits reduce early deep infection after total hip and knee replacement?:the ten-year results of the New Zealand Joint Registry. J Bone Joint Surg (Br), 2011, 93(1):85-90.
31. Tanner J, Parkinson H. Double gloving to reduce surgical cross-infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2006, 19(3):CD003087.
32. Al-Maiyah M, Bajwa A, Mackenney P, et al. Glove perforation and contamination in primary total hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg (Br), 2005, 87(4):556-559.
33. Knobben BA, van Horn JR, van der Mei HC, et al. Evaluation of measures to decrease intra-operative bacterial contamination in orthopaedic implant surgery. J Hosp Infect, 2006, 62(2):174-180.
34. Ritter MA, Olberding EM, Malinzak RA. Ultraviolet lighting during orthopedic surgery and the rate of infection. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2007, 89(9):1935-1940.
35. Hanssen AD, Rand JA. Evaluation and treatment of infection at the site of a total hip or knee arthroplasty. Instr Course Lect, 1999, 48:111-122.
36. Prokuski L. Prophylactic antibiotics in orthopaedic surgery. J Am Acad Orthop Surg, 2008, 16(5):283-293.
37. AlBuhairan B, Hind D, Hutchinson A. Antibiotic prophylaxis for wound infections in total join arthroplasty:a systemic review. J Bone Joint Surg (Br), 2008, 90(7):915-919.
38. Prokuski L. Prophylactic antibiotics in orthopaedic surgery. J Am Acad Orthop Surg, 2008, 16(5):283-293.
39. Meehan J, Jamali AA, Nguyen H. Prophylactic antibiotics in hip and knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2009, 91(10):2480-2490.
40. Prokuski L, Clyburn TA, Evans RP, et al. Prophylactic antibiotics in orthopaedic surgery. Instr Course Lect, 2011, 60:545-555.
41. Jiranek WA, Hanssen AD, Greenwald AS. Antibiotic-loaded bone cement for infection prophylaxis in total joint replacement. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2006, 88(11):2487-2500.
42. Espehaug B, Engesaeter LB, Vollset SE, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis in total hip arthroplasty. Review of 10,905 primary cemented total hip replacements reported to Norwegian arthroplasty registry, 1987 to 1995. J Bone Joint Surg (Br), 1997, 79(4):590-595.
43. Kalteis T, Lehn N, Schröder HJ, et al. Contaminant seeding in bone by different irrigation methods:an experimental study. J Orthop Trauma, 2005, 19(9):591-596.
44. Draeger R, Dahners LE. Traumatic wound debridement:a comparison of irrigation methods. J Orthop Trauma, 2006, 20(2):83-88.
45. Anglen JO, Gainor BJ, Simpson WA, et al. The use of detergent irrigation for musculoskeletal wounds. Int Orthop, 2003, 27(1):40-46.
46. Manian FA, Meyer PL, Setzer J, et al. Surgical site infections associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus:do postoperative factors play a role? Clin Infect Dis, 2003, 36(7):863-868.
47. Lionelli GT, Lawrence WT. Wound dressings. Surg Clin North Am, 2003, 83(3):617-638.
48. Mortazavi SM, Hansen P, Zmistowski B, et al. Hematoma following primary total hip arthroplasty:a grave complication. J Arthroplasty, 2012, 28(3):498-503.
49. Galat DD, McGovern SC, Hanssen AD, et al. Early return to surgery for evacuation of a postoperative hematoma after primary total knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2008, 90(11):2331-2336.
50. American Dental Association, American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons. Antibiotic prophylaxis for dental patients with total joint replacements. J Am Dent Assoc, 2003, 134(7):895-899.

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