RESEARCH PROGRESS OF ROLE OF ESTROGEN AND ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ON ONSET AND PROGRESSION OF ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

ZHOUChuankun , WANGHuan , ZOUYinshuang ,  FANGHuang

Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei, 430030, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

FANGHuang, Email: fanghuangtjh@126.com

Keywords：

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis; Estrogen; Age at menarche; Gene polymorphisms

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.20150308

Video：

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Objective To review the recent progress in research on the role of estrogen and estrogen receptor on the onset and progression of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Methods The recently published clinical and experimental 1iterature at home and abroad on abnormality of estrogen and its receptor in AIS was reviewed and summarized. Results There are many abnormal changes of estrogen and estrogen receptor in most AIS patients, including higher serum estrogen concentration, unusual cellular response to estrogen, late age at menarche, and gene polymorphisms of estrogen receptor, which are closely associated with AIS predisposition, curve severity, and scoliosis progression. Conclusion Estrogen and its receptor participate in the onset and progression of AIS by certain mechanisms, but exact mechanism remains indefinite, which needs further research to better define the role of estrogen and its receptor in AIS.

Citation： ZHOUChuankun, WANGHuan, ZOUYinshuang, FANGHuang. RESEARCH PROGRESS OF ROLE OF ESTROGEN AND ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ON ONSET AND PROGRESSION OF ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2015, 29(11): 1441-1445. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.20150308 Copy

1.	Weinstein SL, Dolan LA, Cheng JC, et al. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Lancet, 2008, 371(9623):1527-1537.
2.	Wang WJ, Yeung HY, Chu WC, et al. Top theories for the etiopathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Pediatr Orthop, 2011, 31(1 Suppl):S14-27.
3.	Leboeuf D, Letellier K, Alos N, et al. Do estrogens impact adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? Trends Endocrinol Metab, 2009, 20(4):147-152.
4.	Li M, Wang CF, Gu SX, et al. Adapted simplified Chinese (mainland) version of Scoliosis Research Society-22 questionnaire. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2009, 34(12):1321-1324.
5.	Trygstad O. Oestrogen treatment of adolescent tall girls; short term side effects. Acta Endocrinol Suppl (Copenh), 1986, 279:170-173.
6.	Cutler GB Jr. The role of estrogen in bone growth and maturation during childhood and adolescence. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 1997, 61(3-6):141-144.
7.	Iwamuro S, Sakakibara M, Terao M, et al. Teratogenic and antimetamorphic effects of bisphenol A on embryonic and larval Xenopus laevis. Gen Comp Endocrinol, 2003, 133(2):189-198.
8.	Boudreau M, Courtenay SC, MacLatchy DL, et al. Utility of morphological abnormalities during early-life development of the estuarine mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus, as an indicator of estrogenic and antiestrogenic endocrine disruption. Environ Toxicol Chem, 2004, 23(2):415-425.
9.	Raczkowski JW. The concentrations of testosterone and estradiol in girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Neuro Endocrinol Lett, 2007, 28(3):302-304.
10.	Sanders JO, Browne RH, McConnell SJ, et al. Maturity assessment and curve progression in girls with idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2007, 89(1):64-73.
11.	Kulis A, Zarzycki D, Jaskiewicz J. Concentration of estradiol in girls with idiophatic scoliosis. Ortop Traumatol Rehabil, 2006, 8(4):455-459.
12.	Kulis A, Jaskiewicz J. Concentration of selected regulators of calcium-phosphate balance in girls with idiopathic scoliosis. Ortop Traumatol Rehabil, 2009, 11(5):438-447.
13.	Esposito T, Uccello R, Caliendo R, et al. Estrogen receptor polymorphism, estrogen content and idiopathic scoliosis in human:a possible genetic linkage. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 2009, 116(1-2):56-60.
14.	Letellier K, Azeddine B, Parent S, et al. Estrogen cross-talk with the melatonin signaling pathway in human osteoblasts derived from adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients. J Pineal Res, 2008, 45(4):383-393.
15.	Fendri K, Patten S, Zaouter C, et al. Recent advances in the study of candidate genes for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Stud Health Technol Inform, 2010, 158:3-7.
16.	Grivas TB, Vasiliadis E, Mouzakis V, et al. Association between adolescent idiopathic scoliosis prevalence and age at menarche in different geographic latitudes. Scoliosis, 2006, 1:9.
17.	DiMeglio A, Canavese F, Charles YP. Growth and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis:when and how much? J Pediatr Orthop, 2011, 31(1 Suppl):S28-36.
18.	Sanders JO. Maturity indicators in spinal deformity. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2007, 89 Suppl 1:14-20.
19.	Ylikoski M. Height of girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Eur Spine J, 2003, 12(3):288-291.
20.	Goldberg CJ, Dowling FE, Fogarty EE. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis-early menarche, normal growth. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1993, 18(5):529-535.
21.	Warren MP, Brooks-Gunn J, Hamilton LH, et al. Scoliosis and fractures in young ballet dancers. Relation to delayed menarche and secondary amenorrhea. N Engl J Med, 1986, 314(21):1348-1353.
22.	Mao SH, Jiang J, Sun X, et al. Timing of menarche in Chinese girls with and without adolescent idiopathic scoliosis:current results and review of the literature. Eur Spine J, 2011, 20(2):260-265.
23.	Yim AP, Yeung HY, Hung VW, et al. Abnormal skeletal growth patterns in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis-a longitudinal study until skeletal maturity. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2012, 37(18):E1148-1154.
24.	Janusz P, Kotwicka M, Andrusiewicz M, et al. Estrogen receptors genes polymorphisms and age at menarche in idiopathic scoliosis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2014, 15:383.
25.	Dvornyk V, Waqar-ul-Haq. Genetics of age at menarche:a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update, 2012, 18(2):198-210.
26.	Inoue M, Minami S, Nakata Y, et al. Association between estrogen receptor gene polymorphisms and curve severity of idiopathic scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2002, 27(21):2357-2362.
27.	Wu J, Qiu Y, Zhang L, et al. Association of estrogen receptor gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2006, 31(10):1131-1136.
28.	Xu L, Qiu X, Sun X, et al. Potential genetic markers predicting the outcome of brace treatment in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Eur Spine J, 2011, 20(10):1757-1764.
29.	Chen S, Zhao L, Roffey DM, et al. Association between the ESR1-351A>G single nucleotide polymorphism (rs9340799) and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis:a systematic review and metaanalysis. Eur Spine J, 2014, 23(12):2586-2593.
30.	Tang NL, Yeung HY, Lee KM, et al. A relook into the association of the estrogen receptor alpha gene (PvuⅡ, XbaI) and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis:a study of 540 Chinese cases. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2006, 31(21):2463-2468.
31.	Takahashi Y, Matsumoto M, Karasugi T, et al. Replication study of the association between adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and two estrogen receptor genes. J Orthop Res, 2011, 29(6):834-837.
32.	Janusz P, Kotwicki T, Andrusiewicz M, et al. XbaI and PvuⅡ polymorphisms of estrogen receptor 1 gene in females with idiopathic scoliosis:no association with occurrence or clinical form. PLoS One, 2013, 8(10):e76806.
33.	Zhao D, Qiu GX, Wang YP, et al. Association between adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with double curve and polymorphisms of calmodulin1 gene/estrogen receptor-alpha gene. Orthop Surg, 2009, 1(3):222-230.
34.	陈海鸥, 邱勇, 邱旭升, 等. 雌激素β受体基因多态性与青少年特发性脊柱侧凸关系的研究. 中华骨科杂志, 2009, 29(1):54-60.
35.	Zhang HQ, Lu SJ, Tang MX, et al. Association of estrogen receptor beta gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2009, 34(8):760-764.
36.	Kotwicki T, Janusz P, Andrusiewicz M, et al. Estrogen receptor 2 gene polymorphism in idiopathic scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2014, 39(26):E1599-1607.
37.	Maggiolini M, Picard D. The unfolding stories of GPR30, a new membrane-bound estrogen receptor. J Endocrinol, 2010, 204(2):105-114.
38.	Heino TJ, Chagin AS, Sävendahl L. The novel estrogen receptor G-protein-coupled receptor 30 is expressed in human bone. J Endocrinol, 2008, 197(2):R1-6.
39.	Peng Y, Liang G, Pei Y, et al. Genomic polymorphisms of G-protein estrogen receptor 1 are associated with severity of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Int Orthop, 2012, 36(3):671-677.
40.	Ogura Y, Takahashi Y, Kou I, et al. A replication study for association of 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms with curve progression of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in Japanese patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2013, 38(7):571-575.
41.	Watson CS, Jeng YJ, Kochukov MY. Nongenomic actions of estradiol compared with estrone and estriol in pituitary tumor cell signaling and proliferation. FASEB J, 2008, 22(9):3328-3336.
42.	Peschke E. Melatonin, endocrine pancreas and diabetes. J Pineal Res, 2008, 44(1):26-40.
43.	Sanchez-Barcelo EJ, Cos S, Mediavilla D, et al. Melatonin-estrogen interactions in breast cancer. J Pineal Res, 2005, 38(4):217-222.
44.	del Río B, García Pedrero JM, Martínez-Campa C, et al. Melatonin, an endogenous-specific inhibitor of estrogen receptor alpha via calmodulin. J Biol Chem, 2004, 279(37):38294-38302.

1. Weinstein SL, Dolan LA, Cheng JC, et al. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Lancet, 2008, 371(9623):1527-1537.
2. Wang WJ, Yeung HY, Chu WC, et al. Top theories for the etiopathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Pediatr Orthop, 2011, 31(1 Suppl):S14-27.
3. Leboeuf D, Letellier K, Alos N, et al. Do estrogens impact adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? Trends Endocrinol Metab, 2009, 20(4):147-152.
4. Li M, Wang CF, Gu SX, et al. Adapted simplified Chinese (mainland) version of Scoliosis Research Society-22 questionnaire. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2009, 34(12):1321-1324.
5. Trygstad O. Oestrogen treatment of adolescent tall girls; short term side effects. Acta Endocrinol Suppl (Copenh), 1986, 279:170-173.
6. Cutler GB Jr. The role of estrogen in bone growth and maturation during childhood and adolescence. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 1997, 61(3-6):141-144.
7. Iwamuro S, Sakakibara M, Terao M, et al. Teratogenic and antimetamorphic effects of bisphenol A on embryonic and larval Xenopus laevis. Gen Comp Endocrinol, 2003, 133(2):189-198.
8. Boudreau M, Courtenay SC, MacLatchy DL, et al. Utility of morphological abnormalities during early-life development of the estuarine mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus, as an indicator of estrogenic and antiestrogenic endocrine disruption. Environ Toxicol Chem, 2004, 23(2):415-425.
9. Raczkowski JW. The concentrations of testosterone and estradiol in girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Neuro Endocrinol Lett, 2007, 28(3):302-304.
10. Sanders JO, Browne RH, McConnell SJ, et al. Maturity assessment and curve progression in girls with idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2007, 89(1):64-73.
11. Kulis A, Zarzycki D, Jaskiewicz J. Concentration of estradiol in girls with idiophatic scoliosis. Ortop Traumatol Rehabil, 2006, 8(4):455-459.
12. Kulis A, Jaskiewicz J. Concentration of selected regulators of calcium-phosphate balance in girls with idiopathic scoliosis. Ortop Traumatol Rehabil, 2009, 11(5):438-447.
13. Esposito T, Uccello R, Caliendo R, et al. Estrogen receptor polymorphism, estrogen content and idiopathic scoliosis in human:a possible genetic linkage. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 2009, 116(1-2):56-60.
14. Letellier K, Azeddine B, Parent S, et al. Estrogen cross-talk with the melatonin signaling pathway in human osteoblasts derived from adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients. J Pineal Res, 2008, 45(4):383-393.
15. Fendri K, Patten S, Zaouter C, et al. Recent advances in the study of candidate genes for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Stud Health Technol Inform, 2010, 158:3-7.
16. Grivas TB, Vasiliadis E, Mouzakis V, et al. Association between adolescent idiopathic scoliosis prevalence and age at menarche in different geographic latitudes. Scoliosis, 2006, 1:9.
17. DiMeglio A, Canavese F, Charles YP. Growth and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis:when and how much? J Pediatr Orthop, 2011, 31(1 Suppl):S28-36.
18. Sanders JO. Maturity indicators in spinal deformity. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2007, 89 Suppl 1:14-20.
19. Ylikoski M. Height of girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Eur Spine J, 2003, 12(3):288-291.
20. Goldberg CJ, Dowling FE, Fogarty EE. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis-early menarche, normal growth. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1993, 18(5):529-535.
21. Warren MP, Brooks-Gunn J, Hamilton LH, et al. Scoliosis and fractures in young ballet dancers. Relation to delayed menarche and secondary amenorrhea. N Engl J Med, 1986, 314(21):1348-1353.
22. Mao SH, Jiang J, Sun X, et al. Timing of menarche in Chinese girls with and without adolescent idiopathic scoliosis:current results and review of the literature. Eur Spine J, 2011, 20(2):260-265.
23. Yim AP, Yeung HY, Hung VW, et al. Abnormal skeletal growth patterns in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis-a longitudinal study until skeletal maturity. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2012, 37(18):E1148-1154.
24. Janusz P, Kotwicka M, Andrusiewicz M, et al. Estrogen receptors genes polymorphisms and age at menarche in idiopathic scoliosis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2014, 15:383.
25. Dvornyk V, Waqar-ul-Haq. Genetics of age at menarche:a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update, 2012, 18(2):198-210.
26. Inoue M, Minami S, Nakata Y, et al. Association between estrogen receptor gene polymorphisms and curve severity of idiopathic scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2002, 27(21):2357-2362.
27. Wu J, Qiu Y, Zhang L, et al. Association of estrogen receptor gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2006, 31(10):1131-1136.
28. Xu L, Qiu X, Sun X, et al. Potential genetic markers predicting the outcome of brace treatment in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Eur Spine J, 2011, 20(10):1757-1764.
29. Chen S, Zhao L, Roffey DM, et al. Association between the ESR1-351A>G single nucleotide polymorphism (rs9340799) and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis:a systematic review and metaanalysis. Eur Spine J, 2014, 23(12):2586-2593.
30. Tang NL, Yeung HY, Lee KM, et al. A relook into the association of the estrogen receptor alpha gene (PvuⅡ, XbaI) and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis:a study of 540 Chinese cases. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2006, 31(21):2463-2468.
31. Takahashi Y, Matsumoto M, Karasugi T, et al. Replication study of the association between adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and two estrogen receptor genes. J Orthop Res, 2011, 29(6):834-837.
32. Janusz P, Kotwicki T, Andrusiewicz M, et al. XbaI and PvuⅡ polymorphisms of estrogen receptor 1 gene in females with idiopathic scoliosis:no association with occurrence or clinical form. PLoS One, 2013, 8(10):e76806.
33. Zhao D, Qiu GX, Wang YP, et al. Association between adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with double curve and polymorphisms of calmodulin1 gene/estrogen receptor-alpha gene. Orthop Surg, 2009, 1(3):222-230.
34. 陈海鸥, 邱勇, 邱旭升, 等. 雌激素β受体基因多态性与青少年特发性脊柱侧凸关系的研究. 中华骨科杂志, 2009, 29(1):54-60.
35. Zhang HQ, Lu SJ, Tang MX, et al. Association of estrogen receptor beta gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2009, 34(8):760-764.
36. Kotwicki T, Janusz P, Andrusiewicz M, et al. Estrogen receptor 2 gene polymorphism in idiopathic scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2014, 39(26):E1599-1607.
37. Maggiolini M, Picard D. The unfolding stories of GPR30, a new membrane-bound estrogen receptor. J Endocrinol, 2010, 204(2):105-114.
38. Heino TJ, Chagin AS, Sävendahl L. The novel estrogen receptor G-protein-coupled receptor 30 is expressed in human bone. J Endocrinol, 2008, 197(2):R1-6.
39. Peng Y, Liang G, Pei Y, et al. Genomic polymorphisms of G-protein estrogen receptor 1 are associated with severity of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Int Orthop, 2012, 36(3):671-677.
40. Ogura Y, Takahashi Y, Kou I, et al. A replication study for association of 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms with curve progression of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in Japanese patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2013, 38(7):571-575.
41. Watson CS, Jeng YJ, Kochukov MY. Nongenomic actions of estradiol compared with estrone and estriol in pituitary tumor cell signaling and proliferation. FASEB J, 2008, 22(9):3328-3336.
42. Peschke E. Melatonin, endocrine pancreas and diabetes. J Pineal Res, 2008, 44(1):26-40.
43. Sanchez-Barcelo EJ, Cos S, Mediavilla D, et al. Melatonin-estrogen interactions in breast cancer. J Pineal Res, 2005, 38(4):217-222.
44. del Río B, García Pedrero JM, Martínez-Campa C, et al. Melatonin, an endogenous-specific inhibitor of estrogen receptor alpha via calmodulin. J Biol Chem, 2004, 279(37):38294-38302.

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RESEARCH PROGRESS OF ROLE OF ESTROGEN AND ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ON ONSET AND PROGRESSION OF ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS

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