IN VIVO THREE-DIMENSIONAL TRANSIENT MOTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUBAXIAL CERVICAL SPINE IN HEALTHY ADULTS_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

LIHongda ^1,2 ,  XIAQun ² , BAIJianqiang ² , MIAOJun ² , LIUJianan ^1,2 , WEIDong ^2,3

1. Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, P. R. China;
2. Department of Spinal Surgery, Tianjin Hospital;
3. Graduate School of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;

Corresponding author：

XIAQun, Email: xiaqun6@163.com

Keywords：

Cervical vertebrae; In vivo kinematics; Dual fluoroscopic imaging system; Three dimension

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.20150320

Video：

Export PDF Favorites Scan Get Citation

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To observe the in vivo three-dimensional (3-D) transient motion characteristics of the subaxial cervical spine in healthy adults. Methods Seventeen healthy volunteers without cervical spine related diseases were recruited for this study, including 8 males and 9 females with a mean age of 26 years (range, 23-41 years). The vertebral segment motion of each subject was reconstructed with CT, and Rhinoceros 4.0 solid modeling software were used for 3-D reconstruction model of the subaxial cervical spine. In vivo cervical vertebral motion in flexionextension, left and right bending, left and right rotation was observed with dual fluoroscopic imaging system (DFIS). Coordinate systems were established at the vertebral center of C_3-7 to obtain the intervertebral range of motion (ROM) and displacement at C_{3, 4}, C_{4, 5}, C_{5, 6}, and C_{6, 7}. The X-axis pointed to the left along the coronal plane, the Y-axis pointed to the back along the sagittal plane, and the Z-axis perpendicular to the X-Y plane pointed to the head. The ROM along X, Y, and Z axises were represented by rotation in flexion-extension (α), in left-right bending (β), and in left-right twisting (γ) respectively, and the displacement in left-right direction (x), in anterior-posterior direction (y), and in proximaldistal direction (z), respectively. Results In flexion and extension, the displacement in anterior-posterior direction of C_{6, 7} was significantly less that of other segments (P<0.05), but the displacements in left-right direction and in proximaldistal direction showed no significant difference between segments (P>0.05); the ROM values in flexion-extension of C_{4, 5} and C_{5, 6} were significantly larger than those of C_{3, 4} and C_{6, 7} (P<0.05), and the ROM value in left-right twisting of C_{4, 5} was significantly larger than those of C_{5, 6} and C_{6, 7} (P<0.05), but the ROM value in left-right bending showed no significant difference between segments (P>0.05). In left and right bending, there was no significant difference in the displacement between other segments (P>0.05) except that the displacement in anterior-posterior direction of C_{3, 4} was significantly larger than that of C_{4, 5} (P<0.05), and that the displacement in proximal-distal direction of C_{6, 7} was significantly less than that of C_{3, 4} and C_{4, 5} (P<0.05); no significant difference was shown in the ROM value between segments (P>0.05), except that the ROM value in left-right twisting of C_{3, 4} was significantly larger than that of C_{5, 6} and C_{6, 7} (P<0.05). In left and right rotation, the ROM value in left-right twisting of C_{3, 4} was significantly larger than that of C_{4, 5} and C_{6, 7} (P<0.05), and the displacement and ROM value showed no significant differece between other segments (P>0.05). Conclusion The intervertebral motions of the cervical spine show different characters at different levels. And the 6-degree-of-freedom data of the cervical vertebrae are obtained, these data may provide new information for the in vivo kinematics of the cervical spine.

Citation： LIHongda, XIAQun, BAIJianqiang, MIAOJun, LIUJianan, WEIDong. IN VIVO THREE-DIMENSIONAL TRANSIENT MOTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUBAXIAL CERVICAL SPINE IN HEALTHY ADULTS. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2015, 29(12): 1494-1499. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.20150320 Copy

1.	Alshami AM. Prevalence of spinal disorders and their relationships with age and gender. Saudi Med J, 2015, 36(6):725-730.
2.	Panjabi MM, Crisco JJ, Vasavada A, et al. Mechanical properties of the human cervical spine as shown by three-dimensional loaddisplacement curves. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2001, 26(24):2692-2700.
3.	Reitman CA, Mauro KM, Nguyen L, et al. Intervertebral motion between flexion and extension in asymptomatic individuals. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2004, 29(24):2832-2843.
4.	Salem W, Lenders C, Mathieu J, et al. In vivo three-dimensional kinematics of the cervical spine during maximal axial rotation. Man Ther, 2013, 18(4):339-344.
5.	Takasaki H, Hall T, Oshiro S, et al. Normal kinematics of the upper cervical spine during the Flexion-Rotation Test-In vivo measurements using magnetic resonance imaging. Man Ther, 2011, 16(2):167-171.
6.	Nagamoto Y, Iwasaki M, Sugiura T, et al. In vivo 3D kinematic changes in the cervical spine after laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy. J Neurosurg Spine, 2014, 21(3):417-424.
7.	Nagamoto Y, Ishii T, Sakaura H, et al. In vivo three-dimensional kinematics of the cervical spine during head rotation in patients with cervical spondylosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2011, 36(10):778-783.
8.	Ishii T, Mukai Y, Hosono N, et al. Kinematics of the cervical spine in lateral bending:in vivo three-dimensional analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2006, 31(2):155-160.
9.	Ishii T, Mukai Y, Hosono N, et al. Kinematics of the subaxial cervical spine in rotation in vivo three-dimensional analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2004, 29(24):2826-2831.
10.	Lee JH, Kim JS, Lee JH, et al. Comparison of cervical kinematics between patients with cervical artificial disc replacement and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for cervical disc herniation. Spine J, 2014, 14(7):1199-1204.
11.	Vorro J, Bush TR, Rutledge B, et al. Kinematic measures during a clinical diagnostic technique for human neck disorder:inter- and intraexaminer comparisons. Biomed Res Int, 2013, 2013:950719.
12.	Marin F, Hoang N, Aufaure P, et al. In vivo intersegmental motion of the cervical spine using an inverse kinematics procedure. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 2010, 25(5):389-396.
13.	Inokuchi H, Tojima M, Mano H, et al. Neck range of motion measurements using a new three-dimensional motion analysis system:validity and repeatability. Eur Spine J, 2015.[Epub ahead of print].
14.	Gelalis ID, Defrate LE, Stafilas KS, et al. Three-dimensional analysis of cervical spine motion:reliability of a computer assisted magnetic tracking device compared to inclinometer. Eur Spine J, 2009, 18(2):276-281.
15.	Anderst WJ, Donaldson WF 3rd, Lee JY, et al. Continuous cervical spine kinematics during in vivo dynamic flexion-extension. Spine J, 2014, 14(7):1221-1227.
16.	Lin CC, Lu TW, Wang TM, et al. In vivo three-dimensional intervertebral kinematics of the subaxial cervical spine during seated axial rotation and lateral bending via a fluoroscopy-to-CT registration approach. J Biomech, 2014, 47(13):3310-3317.
17.	Wang S, Passias P, Li G, et al. Measurement of vertebral kinematics using noninvasive image matching method-validation and application. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2008, 33(11):E355-361.
18.	夏群, Shaobai Wang, Guoan Li. 腰椎椎体间旋转中心的在体研究. 中华骨科杂志, 2010, 30(4):325-329.
19.	白剑强, 夏群, 阎广辉, 等. 腰椎椎弓根在体相对运动轨迹的研究. 中华骨科杂志, 2011, 31(5):424-430.
20.	宁尚龙, 夏群, 苗军, 等. 腰椎间盘突出症椎体间在体运动的观察. 中华骨科杂志, 2012, 32(5):393-397.
21.	Bai JQ, Hu YC, Du LQ, et al. Assessing validation of dual fluoroscopic image matching method for measurement of in vivo spine kinematics. Chin Med J (Engl), 2011, 124(11):1689-1694.
22.	白剑强, 夏群, 苗军, 等. 双X线透视成像系统进行颈椎在体运动研究方法学的探索. 医用生物力学, 2012, 27(2):166-170, 206.
23.	Boos N, Weissbach S, Rohrbach H, et al. Classification of age-related changes in lumbar intervertebral discs:2002 Volvo Award in basic science. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2002, 27(23):2631-2644.
24.	White AA 3rd, Johnson RM, Panjabi MM, et al. Biomechanical analysis of clinical stability in the cervical spine. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1975, (109):85-96.
25.	Woiciechowsky C, Thomale UW, Kroppenstedt SN. Degenerative spondylolisthesis of the cervical spine-symptoms and surgical strategies depending on disease progress. Eur Spine J, 2004, 13(8):680-684.
26.	Dean CL, Gabriel JP, Cassinelli EH, et al. Degenerative spondylolisthesis of the cervical spine:analysis of 58 patients treated with anterior cervical decompression and fusion. Spine J, 2009, 9(6):439-446.
27.	Tani T, Kawasaki M, Taniguchi S, et al. Functional importance of degenerative spondylolisthesis in cervical spondylotic myelopathy in the elderly. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2003, 28(11):1128-1134.
28.	Anderst WJ, Donaldson WF 3rd, Lee JY, et al. Three-dimensional intervertebral kinematics in the healthy young adult cervical spine during dynamic functional loading. J Biomech, 2015, 48(7):1286-1293.

1. Alshami AM. Prevalence of spinal disorders and their relationships with age and gender. Saudi Med J, 2015, 36(6):725-730.
2. Panjabi MM, Crisco JJ, Vasavada A, et al. Mechanical properties of the human cervical spine as shown by three-dimensional loaddisplacement curves. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2001, 26(24):2692-2700.
3. Reitman CA, Mauro KM, Nguyen L, et al. Intervertebral motion between flexion and extension in asymptomatic individuals. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2004, 29(24):2832-2843.
4. Salem W, Lenders C, Mathieu J, et al. In vivo three-dimensional kinematics of the cervical spine during maximal axial rotation. Man Ther, 2013, 18(4):339-344.
5. Takasaki H, Hall T, Oshiro S, et al. Normal kinematics of the upper cervical spine during the Flexion-Rotation Test-In vivo measurements using magnetic resonance imaging. Man Ther, 2011, 16(2):167-171.
6. Nagamoto Y, Iwasaki M, Sugiura T, et al. In vivo 3D kinematic changes in the cervical spine after laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy. J Neurosurg Spine, 2014, 21(3):417-424.
7. Nagamoto Y, Ishii T, Sakaura H, et al. In vivo three-dimensional kinematics of the cervical spine during head rotation in patients with cervical spondylosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2011, 36(10):778-783.
8. Ishii T, Mukai Y, Hosono N, et al. Kinematics of the cervical spine in lateral bending:in vivo three-dimensional analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2006, 31(2):155-160.
9. Ishii T, Mukai Y, Hosono N, et al. Kinematics of the subaxial cervical spine in rotation in vivo three-dimensional analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2004, 29(24):2826-2831.
10. Lee JH, Kim JS, Lee JH, et al. Comparison of cervical kinematics between patients with cervical artificial disc replacement and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for cervical disc herniation. Spine J, 2014, 14(7):1199-1204.
11. Vorro J, Bush TR, Rutledge B, et al. Kinematic measures during a clinical diagnostic technique for human neck disorder:inter- and intraexaminer comparisons. Biomed Res Int, 2013, 2013:950719.
12. Marin F, Hoang N, Aufaure P, et al. In vivo intersegmental motion of the cervical spine using an inverse kinematics procedure. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 2010, 25(5):389-396.
13. Inokuchi H, Tojima M, Mano H, et al. Neck range of motion measurements using a new three-dimensional motion analysis system:validity and repeatability. Eur Spine J, 2015.[Epub ahead of print].
14. Gelalis ID, Defrate LE, Stafilas KS, et al. Three-dimensional analysis of cervical spine motion:reliability of a computer assisted magnetic tracking device compared to inclinometer. Eur Spine J, 2009, 18(2):276-281.
15. Anderst WJ, Donaldson WF 3rd, Lee JY, et al. Continuous cervical spine kinematics during in vivo dynamic flexion-extension. Spine J, 2014, 14(7):1221-1227.
16. Lin CC, Lu TW, Wang TM, et al. In vivo three-dimensional intervertebral kinematics of the subaxial cervical spine during seated axial rotation and lateral bending via a fluoroscopy-to-CT registration approach. J Biomech, 2014, 47(13):3310-3317.
17. Wang S, Passias P, Li G, et al. Measurement of vertebral kinematics using noninvasive image matching method-validation and application. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2008, 33(11):E355-361.
18. 夏群, Shaobai Wang, Guoan Li. 腰椎椎体间旋转中心的在体研究. 中华骨科杂志, 2010, 30(4):325-329.
19. 白剑强, 夏群, 阎广辉, 等. 腰椎椎弓根在体相对运动轨迹的研究. 中华骨科杂志, 2011, 31(5):424-430.
20. 宁尚龙, 夏群, 苗军, 等. 腰椎间盘突出症椎体间在体运动的观察. 中华骨科杂志, 2012, 32(5):393-397.
21. Bai JQ, Hu YC, Du LQ, et al. Assessing validation of dual fluoroscopic image matching method for measurement of in vivo spine kinematics. Chin Med J (Engl), 2011, 124(11):1689-1694.
22. 白剑强, 夏群, 苗军, 等. 双X线透视成像系统进行颈椎在体运动研究方法学的探索. 医用生物力学, 2012, 27(2):166-170, 206.
23. Boos N, Weissbach S, Rohrbach H, et al. Classification of age-related changes in lumbar intervertebral discs:2002 Volvo Award in basic science. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2002, 27(23):2631-2644.
24. White AA 3rd, Johnson RM, Panjabi MM, et al. Biomechanical analysis of clinical stability in the cervical spine. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1975, (109):85-96.
25. Woiciechowsky C, Thomale UW, Kroppenstedt SN. Degenerative spondylolisthesis of the cervical spine-symptoms and surgical strategies depending on disease progress. Eur Spine J, 2004, 13(8):680-684.
26. Dean CL, Gabriel JP, Cassinelli EH, et al. Degenerative spondylolisthesis of the cervical spine:analysis of 58 patients treated with anterior cervical decompression and fusion. Spine J, 2009, 9(6):439-446.
27. Tani T, Kawasaki M, Taniguchi S, et al. Functional importance of degenerative spondylolisthesis in cervical spondylotic myelopathy in the elderly. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2003, 28(11):1128-1134.
28. Anderst WJ, Donaldson WF 3rd, Lee JY, et al. Three-dimensional intervertebral kinematics in the healthy young adult cervical spine during dynamic functional loading. J Biomech, 2015, 48(7):1286-1293.

Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

IN VIVO THREE-DIMENSIONAL TRANSIENT MOTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUBAXIAL CERVICAL SPINE IN HEALTHY ADULTS

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Previous Article

Next Article

Format

Content