ESTABLISHMENT AND TESTING OF RATING SCALE OF RAT ROTATOR CUFF FUNCTION_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

DINGShuchen ¹ , FANGXuewei ² , YURongbin ³ , LIUZhengang ¹ ,  FUChudi ¹ , LAIYi ⁴ , ZHANGZhiwu ¹ , LUYisheng ¹

1. Department of Orthopedics, the 117 th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Hangzhou Zhejiang, 310001, P. R. China;
2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University;
3. Prevention and Healthcare Section, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center Li Huili Hospital;
4. School of Telecommunication and Information Engineering, Xi'an University Of Posts & Telecommunications;

Corresponding author：

FUChudi, Email: fuchudi@qq.com

Keywords：

Rotator cuff function; Rating scale; Gait analysis; Rat model

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.20160012

Video：

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Objective To provides an objective tool to evaluate rotator cuff function in rats. Methods Sixty adult male Sprague Dawley rats, weighing (281.21± 20.12) g, were involved in this experiment. Botulinum toxin A (6 U/kg) was injected into the infraspinatus of 12 rats in Botox group. Infraspinatus tendons of 12 rats in tear group were cut by microinvasive method. Infraspinatus tendons of 12 rats in sham-operation group were exposed but not cut. No any treatment was performed on the 12 rats in normal control group. One shoulder joint of each rat was selected randomly as treatment side. After 7 days, cadence, rate of stand phase, support pressure, swing speed, stand speed, and stride length of rats in those 4 groups were measured. Treatment side and contralateral side ratio of each gait parameter was caculated. If parameters of Botox group and tear group both showed significant differences compared with those of normal control group and sham-operation group, the gait parameter was brought into rating scale as an item. Each item was assigned from 1 point to 5 points according to gait parameter. The chronic rotator cuff injury model was established in 12 rats of verification group and rating scale was used to evaluate rotator cuff function each week for 8 weeks after surgery. Results All gait parameters of tear group were significantly less than those of Botox group (P＜0.05), and Botox group was significantly less than sham-operation group and normal control group (P＜0.05), but no significant difference was found between sham-operation group and normal control group (P>0.05). All gait parameters were brought into rating scale as items. All items were rated from 1 point to 5 points, so the total score was 30 points and the lowest score was 6 points. Thirty points meant normal function of infraspinatus (rotator cuff function was normal), and 6 points meant complete loss of infraspinatus function (rotator cuff function was severely damaged). Rotator cuff functional scores of rats in verification group were 27.00±1.86, 23.75±2.83, 21.33±1.92, 18.17±2.37, 13.17±1.64, 11.67±2.50, 8.17±1.27, 6.50±0.67 from the 1st week to the 8th week respectively. Conclusion The rating scale of rat rotator cuff function may reflect the severity of rotator cuff injury and the functional status of rotator cuff to some extent in rats.

Citation： DINGShuchen, FANGXuewei, YURongbin, LIUZhengang, FUChudi, LAIYi, ZHANGZhiwu, LUYisheng. ESTABLISHMENT AND TESTING OF RATING SCALE OF RAT ROTATOR CUFF FUNCTION. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2016, 30(1): 54-59. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.20160012 Copy

1.	丁舒晨,马超然,王哲洋,等.前列腺素E2在肩袖损伤中作用的研究.中国骨与关节杂志, 2013, 2(12):712-715.
2.	Galatz LM, Charlton N, Das R, et al. Complete removal of load is detrimental to rotator cuff healing. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2009, 18(5):669-675.
3.	DING SC, MA CR, QIU YS, et al. Suture-bridge technique can improve structual healing rate for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair comparing with double-row technique:a meta-analysis.中国矫形外科杂志, 2014, 22(14):1249-1255.
4.	丁舒晨,田臻,马超然,等.微创建立大鼠慢性肩袖损伤模型.中国修复重建外科杂志, 2014, 28(10):1225-1230.
5.	Ficklscherer A, Hartl TK, Scharf M, et al. Effects of selective paralysis of the supraspinatus muscle using botulinum neurotoxin a in rotator cuff healing in rats. J Orthop Res, 2013, 31(5):716-723.
6.	Fukui D, Kawakami M, Yoshida M, et al. Gait abnormality due to spinal instability after lumbar facetectomy in the rat. Eur Spine J, 2015, 24(9):2085-2094.
7.	Forgione N, Karadimas SK, Foltz WD, et al. Bilateral contusion-compression model of incomplete traumatic cervical spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma, 2014, 31(21):1776-1788.
8.	李奉龙,姜春岩,鲁谊,等.兔肩袖损伤模型的建立及初步组织学研究.中国组织工程研究, 2012, 16(20):3685-3689.
9.	Zhang S, Li H, Tao H, et al. Delayed early passive motion is harmless to shoulder rotator cuff healing in a rabbit model. Am J Sports Med, 2013, 41(8):1885-1892.
10.	Park GY, Kwon DR, Lee SC. Regeneration of full-thickness rotator cuff tendon tear after ultrasound-guided injection with umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a rabbit model. Stem Cells Transl Med, 2015, 4(11):1344-1351.
11.	Chen X, Giambini H, Ben-Abraham E, et al. Effect of bone mineral density on rotator cuff tear:an osteoporotic rabbit model. PLoS One, 2015, 10(10):e0139384.
12.	Fabis J, Danilewicz M, Zwierzchowski JT, et al. Atrophy of type I and II muscle fibers is reversible in the case of grade >2 fatty degeneration of the supraspinatus muscle:an experimental study in rabbits. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2015.[Epub ahead of print].
13.	Kim SH, Kim J, Choi YE, et al. Healing disturbance with suture bridge configuration repair in rabbit rotator cuff tear. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2015.[Epub ahead of print].
14.	Björnsson HC, Norlin R, Johansson K, et al. The influence of age, delay of repair, and tendon involvement in acute rotator cuff tears:structural and clinical outcomes after repair of 42 shoulders. Acta Orthop, 2011, 82(2):187-192.
15.	Aoki S, Sato Y, Yanagihara D. Characteristics of leading forelimb movements for obstacle avoidance during locomotion in rats. Neurosci Res, 2012, 74(2):129-137.
16.	Sato Y, Aoki S, Yanagihara D. Gait modification during approach phase when stepping over an obstacle in rats. Neurosci Res, 2012, 72(3):263-269.
17.	Schneeberger AG, Nyffeler RW, Gerber C. Structural changes of the rotator cuff caused by experimental subacromial impingement in the rat. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 1998, 7(4):375-380.
18.	Carpenter JE, Thomopoulos S, Flanagan CL, et al. Rotator cuff defect healing:a biomechanical and histologic analysis in an animal model. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 1998, 7(6):599-605.
19.	Morbiato L, Carli L, Johnson EA, et al. Neuromuscular paralysis and recovery in mice injected with botulinum neurotoxins A and C. Eur J Neurosci, 2007, 25(9):2697-2704.
20.	Nagata C, Ido M, Shimizu H, et al. Choice of response scale for health measurement:comparison of 4, 5 and 7 point seales and visual analog scale. Journal of Epidemiology, 1996, 6(4):192-197.

1. 丁舒晨,马超然,王哲洋,等.前列腺素E2在肩袖损伤中作用的研究.中国骨与关节杂志, 2013, 2(12):712-715.
2. Galatz LM, Charlton N, Das R, et al. Complete removal of load is detrimental to rotator cuff healing. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2009, 18(5):669-675.
3. DING SC, MA CR, QIU YS, et al. Suture-bridge technique can improve structual healing rate for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair comparing with double-row technique:a meta-analysis.中国矫形外科杂志, 2014, 22(14):1249-1255.
4. 丁舒晨,田臻,马超然,等.微创建立大鼠慢性肩袖损伤模型.中国修复重建外科杂志, 2014, 28(10):1225-1230.
5. Ficklscherer A, Hartl TK, Scharf M, et al. Effects of selective paralysis of the supraspinatus muscle using botulinum neurotoxin a in rotator cuff healing in rats. J Orthop Res, 2013, 31(5):716-723.
6. Fukui D, Kawakami M, Yoshida M, et al. Gait abnormality due to spinal instability after lumbar facetectomy in the rat. Eur Spine J, 2015, 24(9):2085-2094.
7. Forgione N, Karadimas SK, Foltz WD, et al. Bilateral contusion-compression model of incomplete traumatic cervical spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma, 2014, 31(21):1776-1788.
8. 李奉龙,姜春岩,鲁谊,等.兔肩袖损伤模型的建立及初步组织学研究.中国组织工程研究, 2012, 16(20):3685-3689.
9. Zhang S, Li H, Tao H, et al. Delayed early passive motion is harmless to shoulder rotator cuff healing in a rabbit model. Am J Sports Med, 2013, 41(8):1885-1892.
10. Park GY, Kwon DR, Lee SC. Regeneration of full-thickness rotator cuff tendon tear after ultrasound-guided injection with umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a rabbit model. Stem Cells Transl Med, 2015, 4(11):1344-1351.
11. Chen X, Giambini H, Ben-Abraham E, et al. Effect of bone mineral density on rotator cuff tear:an osteoporotic rabbit model. PLoS One, 2015, 10(10):e0139384.
12. Fabis J, Danilewicz M, Zwierzchowski JT, et al. Atrophy of type I and II muscle fibers is reversible in the case of grade >2 fatty degeneration of the supraspinatus muscle:an experimental study in rabbits. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2015.[Epub ahead of print].
13. Kim SH, Kim J, Choi YE, et al. Healing disturbance with suture bridge configuration repair in rabbit rotator cuff tear. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2015.[Epub ahead of print].
14. Björnsson HC, Norlin R, Johansson K, et al. The influence of age, delay of repair, and tendon involvement in acute rotator cuff tears:structural and clinical outcomes after repair of 42 shoulders. Acta Orthop, 2011, 82(2):187-192.
15. Aoki S, Sato Y, Yanagihara D. Characteristics of leading forelimb movements for obstacle avoidance during locomotion in rats. Neurosci Res, 2012, 74(2):129-137.
16. Sato Y, Aoki S, Yanagihara D. Gait modification during approach phase when stepping over an obstacle in rats. Neurosci Res, 2012, 72(3):263-269.
17. Schneeberger AG, Nyffeler RW, Gerber C. Structural changes of the rotator cuff caused by experimental subacromial impingement in the rat. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 1998, 7(4):375-380.
18. Carpenter JE, Thomopoulos S, Flanagan CL, et al. Rotator cuff defect healing:a biomechanical and histologic analysis in an animal model. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 1998, 7(6):599-605.
19. Morbiato L, Carli L, Johnson EA, et al. Neuromuscular paralysis and recovery in mice injected with botulinum neurotoxins A and C. Eur J Neurosci, 2007, 25(9):2697-2704.
20. Nagata C, Ido M, Shimizu H, et al. Choice of response scale for health measurement:comparison of 4, 5 and 7 point seales and visual analog scale. Journal of Epidemiology, 1996, 6(4):192-197.

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ESTABLISHMENT AND TESTING OF RATING SCALE OF RAT ROTATOR CUFF FUNCTION

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