APPLICATION AND RESEARCH PROGRESS OF AUTOLOGOUS FAT GRAFTING IN BREAST RECONSTRUCTION_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

XIONGBingjun , TANQiuwen ,  LÜQing

Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

LÜQing, Email: lvqingwestchina@163.com

Keywords：

Autologous fat grafting; Breast reconstruction; Breast cancer

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.20160025

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To review the application and research progress of autologous fat grafting in breast reconstruction. Method The recent literature concerning the technique, postoperative outcome, or limitations of autologous fat grafting in breast reconstruction was extensively consulted and reviewed. Results There are several ways of breast reconstruction using autologous fat for patients who underwent mastectomy or breast conserving surgery. The complication incidence of fat grafting in breast reconstruction is low. Although the long-term outcome is unsteady, the aesthetic outcomes of autologous fat grafting can still reach a high satisfaction. However, the oncological safety of autologous fat grafting in women with breast cancer has not been fully proved. Conclusions The remarkable progress has been made in the researches of autologous fat grafting, and it is an effective method in breast reconstructive surgery. Studies with high quality and longer follow-up data are urgently required to assess the oncological safety of autologous fat grafting.

Citation： XIONGBingjun, TANQiuwen, LÜQing. APPLICATION AND RESEARCH PROGRESS OF AUTOLOGOUS FAT GRAFTING IN BREAST RECONSTRUCTION. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2016, 30(1): 123-128. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.20160025 Copy

1.	Hivernaud V, Lefourn B, Guicheux J, et al. Autologous fat grafting in the breast:critical points and technique improvements. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2015, 39(4) :547-561.
2.	Kakagia D, Pallua N. Autologous fat grafting:in search of the optimal technique. Surg Innov, 2014, 21(3) :327-336.
3.	Saint-Cyr M, Rojas K, Colohan S, et al. The role of fat grafting in reconstructive and cosmetic breast surgery:a review of the literature. J Reconstr Microsurg, 2012, 28(2) :99-110.
4.	Claro F Jr, Figueiredo JC, Zampar AG, et al. Applicability and safety of autologous fat for reconstruction of the breast. Br J Surg, 2012, 99(6) :768-780.
5.	Li K, Gao J, Zhang Z, et al. Selection of donor site for fat grafting and cell isolation. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2013, 37(1) :153-158.
6.	Small K, Choi M, Petruolo O, et al. Is there an ideal donor site of fat for secondary breast reconstruction? Aesthet Surg J, 2014, 34(4) :545-550.
7.	Kling RE, Mehrara BJ, Pusic AL, et al. Trends in autologous fat grafting to the breast:a national survey of the american society of plastic surgeons. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2013, 132(1) :35-46.
8.	Del Vecchio D, Rohrich RJ. A classification of clinical fat grafting:different problems, different solutions. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2012, 130(3) :511-522.
9.	Khouri RK, Rigotti G, Cardoso E, et al. Megavolume autologous fat transfer:part II. Practice and techniques. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2014, 133(6) :1369-1377.
10.	Cheng C, Xie Y, Li Q. The effect of pressure and shear on autologous fat grafting. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2014, 133(3) :419e-420e.
11.	Choi M, Small K, Levovitz C, et al. The volumetric analysis of fat graft survival in breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2013, 131(2) :185-191.
12.	Del Vecchio DA, Del Vecchio SJ. The graft-to-capacity ratio:volumetric planning in large-volume fat transplantation. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2014, 133(3) :561-569.
13.	Gabriel A, Champaneria MC, Maxwell GP. Fat grafting and breast reconstruction:tips for ensuring predictability. Gland Surg, 2015, 4(3) :232-243.
14.	Khouri R, Del Vecchio D. Breast reconstruction and augmentation using pre-expansion and autologous fat transplantation. Clin Plast Surg, 2009, 36(2) :269-280, viii.
15.	Khouri RK, Schlenz I, Murphy BJ, et al. Nonsurgical breast enlargement using an external soft-tissue expansion system. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2000, 105(7) :2500-2514.
16.	Mestak O, Mestak J, Bohac M, et al. Breast reconstruction after a bilateral mastectomy using the BRAVA expansion system and fat grafting. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open, 2013, 1(8) :e71.
17.	Uda H, Sugawara Y, Sarukawa S, et al. Brava and autologous fat grafting for breast reconstruction after cancer surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2014, 133(2) :203-213.
18.	Ho Quoc C, Piat JM, Carrabin N, et al. Breast reconstruction with fat grafting and BRAVA pre-expansion:Efficacy evaluation in 45 cases. Ann Chir Plast Esthet, 2015.[Epub ahead of print].
19.	Garza RM, Paik KJ, Chung MT, et al. Studies in fat grafting:Part III. Fat grafting irradiated tissue-improved skin quality and decreased fat graft retention. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2014, 134(2) :249-257.
20.	Serra-Renom JM, Muñoz-Olmo JL, Serra-Mestre JM. Fat grafting in postmastectomy breast reconstruction with expanders and prostheses in patients who have received radiotherapy:formation of new subcutaneous tissue. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2010, 125(1) :12-18.
21.	Salgarello M, Visconti G, Barone-Adesi L. Fat grafting and breast reconstruction with implant:another option for irradiated breast cancer patients. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2012, 129(2) :317-329.
22.	Ribuffo D, Atzeni M, Guerra M, et al. Treatment of irradiated expanders:protective lipofilling allows immediate prosthetic breast reconstruction in the setting of postoperative radiotherapy. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2013, 37(6) :1146-1152.
23.	Laporta R, Longo B, Sorotos M, et al. Breast reconstruction with delayed fat-graft-augmented DIEP flap in patients with insufficient donor-site volume. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2015, 39(3) :339-349.
24.	Weichman KE, Broer PN, Tanna N, et al. The role of autologous fat grafting in secondary microsurgical breast reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg, 2013, 71(1) :24-30.
25.	Cigna E, Ribuffo D, Sorvillo V, et al. Secondary lipofilling after breast reconstruction with implants. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2012, 16(12) :1729-1734.
26.	Kaoutzanis C, Xin M, Ballard TN, et al. Autologous fat grafting after breast reconstruction in postmastectomy patients:complications, biopsy rates, and locoregional cancer recurrence rates. Ann Plast Surg, 2015.[Epub ahead of print].
27.	Largo RD, Tchang LA, Mele V, et al. Efficacy, safety and complications of autologous fat grafting to healthy breast tissue:a systematic review. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg, 2014, 67(1) :437-448.
28.	Rubin JP, Coon D, Zuley M, et al. Mammographic changes after fat transfer to the breast compared with changes after breast reduction:a blinded study. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2012, 129(5) :1029-1038.
29.	Pinell-White XA, Etra J, Newell M, et al. Radiographic implications of fat grafting to the reconstructed breast. Breast J, 2015, 21(5) :520-525.
30.	Veber M, Tourasse C, Toussoun G, et al. Radiographic findings after breast augmentation by autologous fat transfer. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2011, 127(3) :1289-1299.
31.	Parikh RP, Doren EL, Mooney B, et al. Differentiating fat necrosis from recurrent malignancy in fat-grafted breasts:an imaging classification system to guide management. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2012, 130(4) :761-772.
32.	Elliott BE, Tam SP, Dexter D, et al. Capacity of adipose tissue to promote growth and metastasis of a murine mammary carcinoma:effect of estrogen and progesterone. Int J Cancer, 1992, 51(3) :416-424.
33.	Manabe Y, Toda S, Miyazaki K, et al. Mature adipocytes, but not preadipocytes, promote the growth of breast carcinoma cells in collagen gel matrix culture through cancer-stromal cell interactions. J Pathol, 2003, 201(1) :221-228.
34.	Tworoger SS, Eliassen AH, Kelesidis T, et al. Plasma adiponectin concentrations and risk of incident breast cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2007, 92(4) :1510-1516.
35.	Nakayama S, Miyoshi Y, Ishihara H, et al. Growth-inhibitory effect of adiponectin via adiponectin receptor 1 on human breast cancer cells through inhibition of S-phase entry without inducing apoptosis. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2008, 112(3) :405-410.
36.	Lohsiriwat V, Curigliano G, Rietjens M, et al. Autologous fat transplantation in patients with breast cancer:"silencing" or "fueling" cancer recurrence? Breast, 2011, 20(4) :351-357.
37.	Rietjens M, De Lorenzi F, Rossetto F, et al. Safety of fat grafting in secondary breast reconstruction after cancer. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg, 2011, 64(4) :477-483.
38.	Brenelli F, Rietjens M, De Lorenzi F, et al. Oncological safety of autologous fat grafting after breast conservative treatment:a prospective evaluation. Breast J, 2014, 20(2) :159-165.
39.	Petit JY, Botteri E, Lohsiriwat V, et al. Locoregional recurrence risk after lipofilling in breast cancer patients. Ann Oncol, 2012, 23(3) :582-588.
40.	Petit JY, Rietjens M, Botteri E, et al. Evaluation of fat grafting safety in patients with intraepithelial neoplasia:a matched-cohort study. Ann Oncol, 2013, 24(6) :1479-1484.
41.	Petit JY, Lohsiriwat V, Clough KB, et al. The oncologic outcome and immediate surgical complications of lipofilling in breast cancer patients:a multicenter study-Milan-Paris-Lyon experience of 646 lipofilling procedures. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2011, 128(2) :341-346.
42.	Ihrai T, Georgiou C, Machiavello JC, et al. Autologous fat grafting and breast cancer recurrences:retrospective analysis of a series of 100 procedures in 64 patients. J Plast Surg Hand Surg, 2013, 47(4) :273-275.
43.	Agha RA, Fowler AJ, Herlin C, et al. Use of autologous fat grafting for breast reconstruction:a systematic review with meta-analysis of oncological outcomes. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg, 2015, 68(2) :143-161.
44.	Gutowski KA, ASPS Fat Graft Task Force. Current applications and safety of autologous fat grafts:a report of the ASPS fat graft task force. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2009, 124(1) :272-280.
45.	Hosny N, Goubran F, BadrEldin Hasan B, et al. Assessment of vascular endothelial growth factor in fresh versus frozen platelet rich plasma. J Blood Transfus, 2015, 2015:706903.
46.	Cui SE, Li HM, Liu DL, et al. Human breast adipose-derived stem cells:characterization and differentiation into mammary gland-like epithelial cells promoted by autologous activated plateletrich plasma. Mol Med Rep, 2014, 10(2) :605-614.
47.	Gentile P, Orlandi A, Scioli MG, et al. A comparative translational study:the combined use of enhanced stromal vascular fraction and platelet-rich plasma improves fat grafting maintenance in breast reconstruction. Stem Cells Transl Med, 2012, 1(4) :341-351.
48.	Gentile P, Di Pasquali C, Bocchini I, et al. Breast reconstruction with autologous fat graft mixed with platelet-rich plasma. Surg Innov, 2013, 20(4) :370-376.
49.	Serra-Mestre JM, Serra-Renom JM, Martinez L, et al. Platelet-rich plasma mixed-fat grafting:a reasonable prosurvival strategy for fat grafts? Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2014, 38(5) :1041-1049.
50.	Yoshimura K, Suga H, Eto H. Adipose-derived stem/progenitor cells:roles in adipose tissue remodeling and potential use for soft tissue augmentation. Regen Med, 2009, 4(2) :265-273.
51.	Baer PC, Geiger H. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells:tissue localization, characterization, and heterogeneity. Stem Cells Int, 2012, 2012:812693.
52.	Casteilla L, Planat-Benard V, Laharrague P, et al. Adipose-derived stromal cells:Their identity and uses in clinical trials, an update. World J Stem Cells, 2011, 3(4) :25-33.
53.	Kølle SF, Fischer-Nielsen A, Mathiasen AB, et al. Enrichment of autologous fat grafts with ex-vivo expanded adipose tissue-derived stem cells for graft survival:a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet, 2013, 382(9898) :1113-1120.
54.	Yoshimura K, Asano Y, Aoi N, et al. Progenitor-enriched adipose tissue transplantation as rescue for breast implant complications. Breast J, 2010, 16(2) :169-175.
55.	Pérez-Cano R, Vranckx JJ, Lasso JM, et al. Prospective trial of adipose-derived regenerative cell (ADRC)-enriched fat grafting for partial mastectomy defects:the RESTORE-2 trial. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2012, 38(5) :382-389.
56.	Tabit CJ, Slack GC, Fan K, et al. Fat grafting versus adipose-derived stem cell therapy:distinguishing indications, techniques, and outcomes. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2012, 36(3) :704-713.
57.	Rinker BD, Vyas KS. Do stem cells have an effect when we fat graft? Fat versus fiction. Ann Plast Surg, 2015.[Epub ahead of print].
58.	Schweizer R, Tsuji W, Gorantla VS, et al. The role of adipose-derived stem cells in breast cancer progression and metastasis. Stem Cells Int, 2015, 2015:120949.

1. Hivernaud V, Lefourn B, Guicheux J, et al. Autologous fat grafting in the breast:critical points and technique improvements. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2015, 39(4) :547-561.
2. Kakagia D, Pallua N. Autologous fat grafting:in search of the optimal technique. Surg Innov, 2014, 21(3) :327-336.
3. Saint-Cyr M, Rojas K, Colohan S, et al. The role of fat grafting in reconstructive and cosmetic breast surgery:a review of the literature. J Reconstr Microsurg, 2012, 28(2) :99-110.
4. Claro F Jr, Figueiredo JC, Zampar AG, et al. Applicability and safety of autologous fat for reconstruction of the breast. Br J Surg, 2012, 99(6) :768-780.
5. Li K, Gao J, Zhang Z, et al. Selection of donor site for fat grafting and cell isolation. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2013, 37(1) :153-158.
6. Small K, Choi M, Petruolo O, et al. Is there an ideal donor site of fat for secondary breast reconstruction? Aesthet Surg J, 2014, 34(4) :545-550.
7. Kling RE, Mehrara BJ, Pusic AL, et al. Trends in autologous fat grafting to the breast:a national survey of the american society of plastic surgeons. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2013, 132(1) :35-46.
8. Del Vecchio D, Rohrich RJ. A classification of clinical fat grafting:different problems, different solutions. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2012, 130(3) :511-522.
9. Khouri RK, Rigotti G, Cardoso E, et al. Megavolume autologous fat transfer:part II. Practice and techniques. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2014, 133(6) :1369-1377.
10. Cheng C, Xie Y, Li Q. The effect of pressure and shear on autologous fat grafting. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2014, 133(3) :419e-420e.
11. Choi M, Small K, Levovitz C, et al. The volumetric analysis of fat graft survival in breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2013, 131(2) :185-191.
12. Del Vecchio DA, Del Vecchio SJ. The graft-to-capacity ratio:volumetric planning in large-volume fat transplantation. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2014, 133(3) :561-569.
13. Gabriel A, Champaneria MC, Maxwell GP. Fat grafting and breast reconstruction:tips for ensuring predictability. Gland Surg, 2015, 4(3) :232-243.
14. Khouri R, Del Vecchio D. Breast reconstruction and augmentation using pre-expansion and autologous fat transplantation. Clin Plast Surg, 2009, 36(2) :269-280, viii.
15. Khouri RK, Schlenz I, Murphy BJ, et al. Nonsurgical breast enlargement using an external soft-tissue expansion system. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2000, 105(7) :2500-2514.
16. Mestak O, Mestak J, Bohac M, et al. Breast reconstruction after a bilateral mastectomy using the BRAVA expansion system and fat grafting. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open, 2013, 1(8) :e71.
17. Uda H, Sugawara Y, Sarukawa S, et al. Brava and autologous fat grafting for breast reconstruction after cancer surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2014, 133(2) :203-213.
18. Ho Quoc C, Piat JM, Carrabin N, et al. Breast reconstruction with fat grafting and BRAVA pre-expansion:Efficacy evaluation in 45 cases. Ann Chir Plast Esthet, 2015.[Epub ahead of print].
19. Garza RM, Paik KJ, Chung MT, et al. Studies in fat grafting:Part III. Fat grafting irradiated tissue-improved skin quality and decreased fat graft retention. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2014, 134(2) :249-257.
20. Serra-Renom JM, Muñoz-Olmo JL, Serra-Mestre JM. Fat grafting in postmastectomy breast reconstruction with expanders and prostheses in patients who have received radiotherapy:formation of new subcutaneous tissue. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2010, 125(1) :12-18.
21. Salgarello M, Visconti G, Barone-Adesi L. Fat grafting and breast reconstruction with implant:another option for irradiated breast cancer patients. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2012, 129(2) :317-329.
22. Ribuffo D, Atzeni M, Guerra M, et al. Treatment of irradiated expanders:protective lipofilling allows immediate prosthetic breast reconstruction in the setting of postoperative radiotherapy. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2013, 37(6) :1146-1152.
23. Laporta R, Longo B, Sorotos M, et al. Breast reconstruction with delayed fat-graft-augmented DIEP flap in patients with insufficient donor-site volume. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2015, 39(3) :339-349.
24. Weichman KE, Broer PN, Tanna N, et al. The role of autologous fat grafting in secondary microsurgical breast reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg, 2013, 71(1) :24-30.
25. Cigna E, Ribuffo D, Sorvillo V, et al. Secondary lipofilling after breast reconstruction with implants. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2012, 16(12) :1729-1734.
26. Kaoutzanis C, Xin M, Ballard TN, et al. Autologous fat grafting after breast reconstruction in postmastectomy patients:complications, biopsy rates, and locoregional cancer recurrence rates. Ann Plast Surg, 2015.[Epub ahead of print].
27. Largo RD, Tchang LA, Mele V, et al. Efficacy, safety and complications of autologous fat grafting to healthy breast tissue:a systematic review. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg, 2014, 67(1) :437-448.
28. Rubin JP, Coon D, Zuley M, et al. Mammographic changes after fat transfer to the breast compared with changes after breast reduction:a blinded study. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2012, 129(5) :1029-1038.
29. Pinell-White XA, Etra J, Newell M, et al. Radiographic implications of fat grafting to the reconstructed breast. Breast J, 2015, 21(5) :520-525.
30. Veber M, Tourasse C, Toussoun G, et al. Radiographic findings after breast augmentation by autologous fat transfer. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2011, 127(3) :1289-1299.
31. Parikh RP, Doren EL, Mooney B, et al. Differentiating fat necrosis from recurrent malignancy in fat-grafted breasts:an imaging classification system to guide management. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2012, 130(4) :761-772.
32. Elliott BE, Tam SP, Dexter D, et al. Capacity of adipose tissue to promote growth and metastasis of a murine mammary carcinoma:effect of estrogen and progesterone. Int J Cancer, 1992, 51(3) :416-424.
33. Manabe Y, Toda S, Miyazaki K, et al. Mature adipocytes, but not preadipocytes, promote the growth of breast carcinoma cells in collagen gel matrix culture through cancer-stromal cell interactions. J Pathol, 2003, 201(1) :221-228.
34. Tworoger SS, Eliassen AH, Kelesidis T, et al. Plasma adiponectin concentrations and risk of incident breast cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2007, 92(4) :1510-1516.
35. Nakayama S, Miyoshi Y, Ishihara H, et al. Growth-inhibitory effect of adiponectin via adiponectin receptor 1 on human breast cancer cells through inhibition of S-phase entry without inducing apoptosis. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2008, 112(3) :405-410.
36. Lohsiriwat V, Curigliano G, Rietjens M, et al. Autologous fat transplantation in patients with breast cancer:"silencing" or "fueling" cancer recurrence? Breast, 2011, 20(4) :351-357.
37. Rietjens M, De Lorenzi F, Rossetto F, et al. Safety of fat grafting in secondary breast reconstruction after cancer. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg, 2011, 64(4) :477-483.
38. Brenelli F, Rietjens M, De Lorenzi F, et al. Oncological safety of autologous fat grafting after breast conservative treatment:a prospective evaluation. Breast J, 2014, 20(2) :159-165.
39. Petit JY, Botteri E, Lohsiriwat V, et al. Locoregional recurrence risk after lipofilling in breast cancer patients. Ann Oncol, 2012, 23(3) :582-588.
40. Petit JY, Rietjens M, Botteri E, et al. Evaluation of fat grafting safety in patients with intraepithelial neoplasia:a matched-cohort study. Ann Oncol, 2013, 24(6) :1479-1484.
41. Petit JY, Lohsiriwat V, Clough KB, et al. The oncologic outcome and immediate surgical complications of lipofilling in breast cancer patients:a multicenter study-Milan-Paris-Lyon experience of 646 lipofilling procedures. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2011, 128(2) :341-346.
42. Ihrai T, Georgiou C, Machiavello JC, et al. Autologous fat grafting and breast cancer recurrences:retrospective analysis of a series of 100 procedures in 64 patients. J Plast Surg Hand Surg, 2013, 47(4) :273-275.
43. Agha RA, Fowler AJ, Herlin C, et al. Use of autologous fat grafting for breast reconstruction:a systematic review with meta-analysis of oncological outcomes. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg, 2015, 68(2) :143-161.
44. Gutowski KA, ASPS Fat Graft Task Force. Current applications and safety of autologous fat grafts:a report of the ASPS fat graft task force. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2009, 124(1) :272-280.
45. Hosny N, Goubran F, BadrEldin Hasan B, et al. Assessment of vascular endothelial growth factor in fresh versus frozen platelet rich plasma. J Blood Transfus, 2015, 2015:706903.
46. Cui SE, Li HM, Liu DL, et al. Human breast adipose-derived stem cells:characterization and differentiation into mammary gland-like epithelial cells promoted by autologous activated plateletrich plasma. Mol Med Rep, 2014, 10(2) :605-614.
47. Gentile P, Orlandi A, Scioli MG, et al. A comparative translational study:the combined use of enhanced stromal vascular fraction and platelet-rich plasma improves fat grafting maintenance in breast reconstruction. Stem Cells Transl Med, 2012, 1(4) :341-351.
48. Gentile P, Di Pasquali C, Bocchini I, et al. Breast reconstruction with autologous fat graft mixed with platelet-rich plasma. Surg Innov, 2013, 20(4) :370-376.
49. Serra-Mestre JM, Serra-Renom JM, Martinez L, et al. Platelet-rich plasma mixed-fat grafting:a reasonable prosurvival strategy for fat grafts? Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2014, 38(5) :1041-1049.
50. Yoshimura K, Suga H, Eto H. Adipose-derived stem/progenitor cells:roles in adipose tissue remodeling and potential use for soft tissue augmentation. Regen Med, 2009, 4(2) :265-273.
51. Baer PC, Geiger H. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells:tissue localization, characterization, and heterogeneity. Stem Cells Int, 2012, 2012:812693.
52. Casteilla L, Planat-Benard V, Laharrague P, et al. Adipose-derived stromal cells:Their identity and uses in clinical trials, an update. World J Stem Cells, 2011, 3(4) :25-33.
53. Kølle SF, Fischer-Nielsen A, Mathiasen AB, et al. Enrichment of autologous fat grafts with ex-vivo expanded adipose tissue-derived stem cells for graft survival:a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet, 2013, 382(9898) :1113-1120.
54. Yoshimura K, Asano Y, Aoi N, et al. Progenitor-enriched adipose tissue transplantation as rescue for breast implant complications. Breast J, 2010, 16(2) :169-175.
55. Pérez-Cano R, Vranckx JJ, Lasso JM, et al. Prospective trial of adipose-derived regenerative cell (ADRC)-enriched fat grafting for partial mastectomy defects:the RESTORE-2 trial. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2012, 38(5) :382-389.
56. Tabit CJ, Slack GC, Fan K, et al. Fat grafting versus adipose-derived stem cell therapy:distinguishing indications, techniques, and outcomes. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2012, 36(3) :704-713.
57. Rinker BD, Vyas KS. Do stem cells have an effect when we fat graft? Fat versus fiction. Ann Plast Surg, 2015.[Epub ahead of print].
58. Schweizer R, Tsuji W, Gorantla VS, et al. The role of adipose-derived stem cells in breast cancer progression and metastasis. Stem Cells Int, 2015, 2015:120949.

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APPLICATION AND RESEARCH PROGRESS OF AUTOLOGOUS FAT GRAFTING IN BREAST RECONSTRUCTION

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