ESTABLISHING AN ANIMAL MODEL OF DEFECATION RECONSTRUCTION AFTER SPINAL CORD INJURY IN RATS BY MECHANICAL POLISHING METHOD_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

BAOBingbo , FUKai , ZHUXiaozhong , LIXingwei ,  ZHENGXianyou

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

ZHENGXianyou, Email: zhengxianyou@126.com

Keywords：

Animal model; Spinal cord injury; Defecation reconstruction; Mechanical polishing method; Bites method; Rat

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.20160232

Video：

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Objective To study the feasibility and advantages of preparing an animal model of defecation reconstruction after spinal cord injury in rats by mechanical polishing method. Methods Forty adult female Sprague Dawley rats (weighing, 250-300 g) were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=20). The lamina was opened by mechanical polishing method to expose the cauda equina in experimental group, then bilateral L₅ and S₁ nerve roots end-to-end anastomosis was done under 10 times microscope, and finally cauda equina between the L₅ and L₆ (except S₁) was cut. The lamina was opened by traditional bites method in control group, and the other treatment methods were in agreement with the experimental group. The operative time, intra-operative blood loss, and situation of rats at postoperative 3 days were recorded. Results The operative time of experimental group[(93.05±7.60) minutes] was significantly shorter than that in control group[(131.30±11.68) minutes] (t=12.279, P=0.000); intra-operative blood loss in experimental group[(4.33±0.46) mL] was significantly lower than that in control group[(7.36±0.58) mL] (t=18.293, P=0.000). At 3 days after operation, 18 rats (90%) survived in experimental group, and 12 rats (60%) survived in control group; difference was significant in the survival rate between 2 groups (χ²=4.800, P=0.028). Conclusion To establish an animal model of defecation reconstruction after spinal cord injury in rats by mechanical polishing method is feasible, and it has shorter operative time, less blood loss, and lower postoperative mortality than the traditional bites method. But there is a certain learning curve and requirement to master microsurgical techniques.

Citation： BAOBingbo, FUKai, ZHUXiaozhong, LIXingwei, ZHENGXianyou. ESTABLISHING AN ANIMAL MODEL OF DEFECATION RECONSTRUCTION AFTER SPINAL CORD INJURY IN RATS BY MECHANICAL POLISHING METHOD. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2016, 30(9): 1139-1142. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.20160232 Copy

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2.	Vercelli A, Boido M. Spinal Cord Injury//Neurobiology of Brain Disorders. USA:Elsevier Inc., 2015:207-218.
3.	Lee BB, Cripps RA, Fitzharris M, et al. The global map for traumatic spinal cord injury epidemiology:update 2011, global incidence rate. Spinal Cord, 2014, 52(2):110-116.
4.	Xiao CG, Godec CJ. A possible new reflex pathway for micturition after spinal cord injury. Paraplegia, 1994, 32(5):300-307.
5.	Xiao CG, Groat WCD, Godec CJ, et al. "Skin-CNS-bladder" reflex pathway for micturition after spinal cord injury and its underlying mechanisms. J Urol, 1999, 162(3 Pt 1):936-942.
6.	Xiao CG, Du MX, Dai C, et al. An artificial somatic-central nervous system-autonomic reflex pathway for controllable micturition after spinal cord injury:preliminary results in 15 patients. J Urol, 2003, 170(4 Pt 1):1237-1241.
7.	Lin H, Hou C, Zhen X. Bypassing spinal cord injury:surgical reconstruction of afferent and efferent pathways to the urinary bladder after conus medullaris injury in a rat model. J Reconstr Microsurg, 2008, 24(8):575-581.
8.	Lin H, Hou C, Chen A, et al. Innervation of reconstructed bladder above the level of spinal cord injury for inducing micturition by contractions of the abdomen-to-bladder reflex arc. Neurosurgery, 2010, 66(5):948-952.
9.	Lin H, Hou C. Transfer of normal S₁ nerve root to reinnervate atonic bladder due to conus medullaris injury. Muscle Nerve, 2013, 47(2):241-245.
10.	Javidan AN, Mazel K, Latifi S, et al. Outcomes of implementation of sacral nerve stimulation on urination, defecation, and sexual function in patients with spinal cord injury. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2014, 29(12):1577-1578.
11.	Rasmussen MM, Krogh K, Clemmensen D, et al. Colorectal transport during defecation in subjects with supraconal spinal cord injury. Spinal cord, 2013, 51(9):683-687.
12.	Tran AP, Silver J. Neuroscience. Systemically treating spinal cord injury. Science, 2015, 348(6232):285-286.
13.	吴卓, 汪玉良.脊髓损伤动物模型的研究进展.中国矫形外科杂志, 2014, 22(12):1086-1089.
14.	纪江峰, 冯世庆.脊髓损伤动物模型研究进展.中华实验外科杂志, 2006, 23(9):1151-1152.
15.	王海峰, 方健.脊髓损伤动物模型的研究现状.实用骨科杂志, 2010, 17(1):44-47.
16.	王磊, 刘晓林, 陈明, 等.经关节突切除制作大鼠脊髓损伤动物模型.中华实验外科杂志, 2011, 28(12):2260.
17.	刘小康, 徐建广, 连小峰, 等.大鼠钳夹式急性脊髓损伤模型的制备与评价.中国矫形外科杂志, 2012, 20(14):1318-1322.
18.	Zhang YP, Iannotti C, Shields LB, et al. Dural closure, cord approximation, and clot removal:enhancement of tissue sparing in a novel laceration spinal cord injury model. J Neurosurg, 2004, 100(4 Suppl Spine):343-352.

1. Simpson LA, Eng JJ, Hsieh JT, et al. The health and life priorities of individuals with spinal cord injury:a systematic review. J Neurotrauma, 2012, 29(8):1548-1555.
2. Vercelli A, Boido M. Spinal Cord Injury//Neurobiology of Brain Disorders. USA:Elsevier Inc., 2015:207-218.
3. Lee BB, Cripps RA, Fitzharris M, et al. The global map for traumatic spinal cord injury epidemiology:update 2011, global incidence rate. Spinal Cord, 2014, 52(2):110-116.
4. Xiao CG, Godec CJ. A possible new reflex pathway for micturition after spinal cord injury. Paraplegia, 1994, 32(5):300-307.
5. Xiao CG, Groat WCD, Godec CJ, et al. "Skin-CNS-bladder" reflex pathway for micturition after spinal cord injury and its underlying mechanisms. J Urol, 1999, 162(3 Pt 1):936-942.
6. Xiao CG, Du MX, Dai C, et al. An artificial somatic-central nervous system-autonomic reflex pathway for controllable micturition after spinal cord injury:preliminary results in 15 patients. J Urol, 2003, 170(4 Pt 1):1237-1241.
7. Lin H, Hou C, Zhen X. Bypassing spinal cord injury:surgical reconstruction of afferent and efferent pathways to the urinary bladder after conus medullaris injury in a rat model. J Reconstr Microsurg, 2008, 24(8):575-581.
8. Lin H, Hou C, Chen A, et al. Innervation of reconstructed bladder above the level of spinal cord injury for inducing micturition by contractions of the abdomen-to-bladder reflex arc. Neurosurgery, 2010, 66(5):948-952.
9. Lin H, Hou C. Transfer of normal S₁ nerve root to reinnervate atonic bladder due to conus medullaris injury. Muscle Nerve, 2013, 47(2):241-245.
10. Javidan AN, Mazel K, Latifi S, et al. Outcomes of implementation of sacral nerve stimulation on urination, defecation, and sexual function in patients with spinal cord injury. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2014, 29(12):1577-1578.
11. Rasmussen MM, Krogh K, Clemmensen D, et al. Colorectal transport during defecation in subjects with supraconal spinal cord injury. Spinal cord, 2013, 51(9):683-687.
12. Tran AP, Silver J. Neuroscience. Systemically treating spinal cord injury. Science, 2015, 348(6232):285-286.
13. 吴卓, 汪玉良.脊髓损伤动物模型的研究进展.中国矫形外科杂志, 2014, 22(12):1086-1089.
14. 纪江峰, 冯世庆.脊髓损伤动物模型研究进展.中华实验外科杂志, 2006, 23(9):1151-1152.
15. 王海峰, 方健.脊髓损伤动物模型的研究现状.实用骨科杂志, 2010, 17(1):44-47.
16. 王磊, 刘晓林, 陈明, 等.经关节突切除制作大鼠脊髓损伤动物模型.中华实验外科杂志, 2011, 28(12):2260.
17. 刘小康, 徐建广, 连小峰, 等.大鼠钳夹式急性脊髓损伤模型的制备与评价.中国矫形外科杂志, 2012, 20(14):1318-1322.
18. Zhang YP, Iannotti C, Shields LB, et al. Dural closure, cord approximation, and clot removal:enhancement of tissue sparing in a novel laceration spinal cord injury model. J Neurosurg, 2004, 100(4 Suppl Spine):343-352.

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Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

ESTABLISHING AN ANIMAL MODEL OF DEFECATION RECONSTRUCTION AFTER SPINAL CORD INJURY IN RATS BY MECHANICAL POLISHING METHOD

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