Research progress of double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in adolescents_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

CHENG Zhiping ^1,2 , MAO Zimu ¹ ,  YU Jiakuo ¹

1. Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R.China;
2. Department of Orthopedics, People’s Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa Tibet, 850000, P.R.China;

Corresponding author：

YU Jiakuo, Email: yujiakuo@126.com

Keywords：

Adolescent; anterior cruciate ligament; double-bundle reconstruction; research progress

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.201904127

Video：

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Objective To review the advances in double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in adolescents at home and abroad. Methods Recent literature about double-bundle ACL reconstruction in adolescents at home and abroad was extensively consulted, and the relationship between bone canal and epiphyseal plate, clinical verification of surgical safety, and clinical effectiveness of double-bundle ACL reconstruction in adolescents were summarized and analyzed. Results Double-bundle ACL reconstruction has certain advantages in clinical stability and re-rupture rate when compared with single-bundle ACL reconstruction in adolescents, and there is no significant difference in safety between them. Conclusion Double-bundle ACL reconstruction in adolescents can achieve lower re-rupture rate and better stability when compared with single-bundle reconstruction. However, the sample size of clinical research is too small, and the follow-up time is too short, so the effectiveness needs to be continuously observed.

Citation： CHENG Zhiping, MAO Zimu, YU Jiakuo. Research progress of double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in adolescents. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2019, 33(9): 1060-1063. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.201904127 Copy

1.	王健, 敖英芳. 青少年前交叉韧带损伤流行病学研究. 中国运动医学杂志, 2002, 21(5): 471-474, 483.
2.	Kocher MS, Garg S, Micheli LJ. Physeal sparing reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament in skeletally immature prepubescent children and adolescents. Surgical technique. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2006, 88(Suppl 1 Pt 2): 283-293.
3.	Seil R, Theisen D, Moksnes H, et al. ESSKA partners and the IOC join forces to improve children ACL treatment. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2018, 26(4): 983-984.
4.	Arbes S, Resinger C, Vécsei V, et al. The functional outcome of total tears of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the skeletally immature patient. Int Orthop, 2007, 31(4): 471-475.
5.	Vavken P, Murray MM. Treating anterior cruciate ligament tears in skeletally immature patients. Arthroscopy, 2011, 27(5): 704-716.
6.	Hudgens JL, Dahm DL. Treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injury in skeletally immature patients. Int J Pediatr, 2012, 2012: 932702.
7.	Anderson AF, Anderson CN. Correlation of meniscal and articular cartilage injuries in children and adolescents with timing of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med, 2015, 43(2): 275-281.
8.	Lawrence JT, Argawal N, Ganley TJ. Degeneration of the knee joint in skeletally immature patients with a diagnosis of an anterior cruciate ligament tear: is there harm in delay of treatment? Am J Sports Med, 2011, 39(12): 2582-2587.
9.	Newman JT, Carry PM, Terhune EB, et al. Factors predictive of concomitant injuries among children and adolescents undergoing anterior cruciate ligament surgery. Am J Sports Med, 2015, 43(2): 282-288.
10.	Ramski DE, Kanj WW, Franklin CC, et al. Anterior cruciate ligament tears in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis of nonoperative versus operative treatment. Am J Sports Med, 2014, 42(11): 2769-2776.
11.	Frank JS, Gambacorta PL. Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in the skeletally immature athlete: diagnosis and management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg, 2013, 21(2): 78-87.
12.	Chotel F, Henry J, Seil R, et al. Growth disturbances without growth arrest after ACL reconstruction in children. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2010, 18(11): 1496-1500.
13.	Sobau C, Ellermann A. Die vordere Kreuzbandplastik mit Hamstringsehnen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Der Unfallchirurg, 2004, 107(8): 676-679.
14.	Frosch KH, Stengel D, Brodhun T, et al. Outcomes and risks of operative treatment of rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament in children and adolescents. Arthroscopy, 2010, 26(11): 1539-1550.
15.	Hui C, Roe J, Ferguson D, et al. Outcome of anatomic transphyseal anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in Tanner stage 1 and 2 patients with open physes. Am J Sports Med, 2012, 40(5): 1093-1098.
16.	Aronowitz ER, Ganley TJ, Goode JR, et al. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in adolescents with open physes. Am J Sports Med, 2000, 28(2): 168-175.
17.	Schneider FJ, Kraus T, Linhart WE. Vorderer Kreuzbandersatz mit der Semitendinosussehne bei Kindern. Operative Orthopädie und Traumatologie, 2008, 20(4-5): 409-422.
18.	Demange MK, Camanho GL. Nonanatomic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with double-stranded semitendinosus grafts in children with open physes: minimum 15-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med, 2014, 42(12): 2926-2932.
19.	Webster KE, Feller JA, Leigh WB, et al. Younger patients are at increased risk for graft rupture and contralateral injury after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med, 2014, 42(3): 641-647.
20.	van Eck CF, Schkrohowsky JG, Working ZM, et al. Prospective analysis of failure rate and predictors of failure after anatomic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with allograft. Am J Sports Med, 2012, 40(4): 800-807.
21.	吴峥, 余家阔. 青少年前交叉韧带损伤治疗现状. 中国运动医学杂志, 2015, 34(4): 404-408.
22.	Andernord D, Desai N, Björnsson H, et al. Patient predictors of early revision surgery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a cohort study of 16,930 patients with 2-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med, 2015, 43(1): 121-127.
23.	Fältström A, Hägglund M, Magnusson H, et al. Predictors for additional anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: data from the Swedish national ACL register. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2016, 24(3): 885-894.
24.	Kaeding CC, Pedroza AD, Reinke EK, et al. Risk factors and predictors of subsequent ACL injury in either knee after ACL reconstruction: prospective analysis of 2488 primary ACL reconstructions from the MOON cohort. Am J Sports Med, 2015, 43(7): 1583-1590.
25.	Kvist J, Kartus J, Karlsson J, et al. Results from the Swedish national anterior cruciate ligament register. Arthroscopy, 2014, 30(7): 803-810.
26.	Wiggins AJ, Grandhi RK, Schneider DK, et al. Risk of secondary injury in younger athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Am J Sports Med, 2016, 44(7): 1861-1876.
27.	Allen MM, Pareek A, Krych AJ, et al. Are female soccer players at an increased risk of second anterior cruciate ligament injury compared with their athletic peers? Am J Sports Med, 2016, 44(10): 2492-2498.
28.	Grindem H, Snyder-Mackler L, Moksnes H, et al. Simple decision rules can reduce reinjury risk by 84% after ACL reconstruction: the Delaware-Oslo ACL cohort study. Br J Sports Med, 2016, 50(13): 804-808.
29.	Nagelli CV, Hewett TE. Should return to sport be delayed until 2 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction? Biological and functional considerations. Sports Med, 2017, 47(2): 221-232.
30.	Schilaty ND, Bates NA, Sanders TL, et al. Incidence of second anterior cruciate ligament tears (1990-2000) and associated factors in a specific geographic locale. Am J Sports Med, 2017, 45(7): 1567-1573.
31.	Hamrin Senorski E, Seil R, Svantesson E, et al. " I never made it to the pros…” Return to sport and becoming an elite athlete after pediatric and adolescent anterior cruciate ligament injury-Current evidence and future directions. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2018, 26(4): 1011-1018.
32.	曾会粮, 冯文俊, 李萍, 等. 单束与双束重建前交叉韧带的长期结果相似: 一项 10 年回顾性研究. 中国组织工程研究, 2018, 22(23): 3692-3697.
33.	Maeyama A, Hoshino Y, Kato Y, et al. Anatomic double bundle ACL reconstruction outperforms any types of single bundle ACL reconstructions in controlling dynamic rotational laxity. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2018, 26(5): 1414-1419.
34.	Oishi K, Sasaki E, Naraoka T, et al. Anatomical relationship between insertion sites, tunnel placement, and lateral meniscus anterior horn injury during single and double bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions: A comparative macroscopic and histopathological evaluation in cadavers. J Orthop Sci, 2019, 24(3): 494-500.
35.	Siebold R, Branch TP, Freedberg HI, et al. A matched pairs comparison of single- versus double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions, clinical results and manual laxity testing. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2011, 19(Suppl 1): S4-11.
36.	Gong X, Jiang D, Wang YJ, et al. Second-look arthroscopic evaluation of chondral lesions after isolated anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: single- versus double-bundle reconstruction. Am J Sports Med, 2013, 41(10): 2362-2367.
37.	Jiang D, Ao YF, Gong X, et al. Double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone allograft: technique and 2- to 5-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med, 2012, 40(5): 1084-1092.
38.	Salzmann GM, Spang JT, Imhoff AB. Double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in a skeletally immature adolescent athlete. Arthroscopy, 2009, 25(3): 321-324.
39.	Koizumi H, Kimura M, Kamimura T, et al. The outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in adolescents with open physes. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2013, 21(4): 950-956.
40.	Siebold R, Takada T, Feil S, et al. Anatomical " C”-shaped double-bundle versus single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in pre-adolescent children with open growth plates. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2016, 24(3): 796-806.
41.	梁学振, 田原, 王少山, 等. 关节镜下一期治疗前交叉韧带损伤合并半月板桶柄样撕裂的疗效观察. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2017, 31(5): 547-552.
42.	沈光银, 颜斌. 改良关节镜下缝线内固定治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点骨折. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2017, 31(2): 251-253.
43.	Mäkelä EA, Vainionpää S, Vihtonen K, et al. The effect of trauma to the lower femoral epiphyseal plate. An experimental study in rabbits. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 1988, 70(2): 187-191.
44.	Shea KG, Grimm NL, Belzer JS. Volumetric injury of the distal femoral physis during double-bundle ACL reconstruction in children: a three-dimensional study with use of magnetic resonance imaging. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2011, 93(11): 1033-1038.
45.	Yoo YS, Song SY, Yang CJ, et al. A comparison between clinical results of selective bundle and double bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Yonsei Med J, 2016, 57(5): 1199-1208.

1. 王健, 敖英芳. 青少年前交叉韧带损伤流行病学研究. 中国运动医学杂志, 2002, 21(5): 471-474, 483.
2. Kocher MS, Garg S, Micheli LJ. Physeal sparing reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament in skeletally immature prepubescent children and adolescents. Surgical technique. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2006, 88(Suppl 1 Pt 2): 283-293.
3. Seil R, Theisen D, Moksnes H, et al. ESSKA partners and the IOC join forces to improve children ACL treatment. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2018, 26(4): 983-984.
4. Arbes S, Resinger C, Vécsei V, et al. The functional outcome of total tears of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the skeletally immature patient. Int Orthop, 2007, 31(4): 471-475.
5. Vavken P, Murray MM. Treating anterior cruciate ligament tears in skeletally immature patients. Arthroscopy, 2011, 27(5): 704-716.
6. Hudgens JL, Dahm DL. Treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injury in skeletally immature patients. Int J Pediatr, 2012, 2012: 932702.
7. Anderson AF, Anderson CN. Correlation of meniscal and articular cartilage injuries in children and adolescents with timing of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med, 2015, 43(2): 275-281.
8. Lawrence JT, Argawal N, Ganley TJ. Degeneration of the knee joint in skeletally immature patients with a diagnosis of an anterior cruciate ligament tear: is there harm in delay of treatment? Am J Sports Med, 2011, 39(12): 2582-2587.
9. Newman JT, Carry PM, Terhune EB, et al. Factors predictive of concomitant injuries among children and adolescents undergoing anterior cruciate ligament surgery. Am J Sports Med, 2015, 43(2): 282-288.
10. Ramski DE, Kanj WW, Franklin CC, et al. Anterior cruciate ligament tears in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis of nonoperative versus operative treatment. Am J Sports Med, 2014, 42(11): 2769-2776.
11. Frank JS, Gambacorta PL. Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in the skeletally immature athlete: diagnosis and management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg, 2013, 21(2): 78-87.
12. Chotel F, Henry J, Seil R, et al. Growth disturbances without growth arrest after ACL reconstruction in children. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2010, 18(11): 1496-1500.
13. Sobau C, Ellermann A. Die vordere Kreuzbandplastik mit Hamstringsehnen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Der Unfallchirurg, 2004, 107(8): 676-679.
14. Frosch KH, Stengel D, Brodhun T, et al. Outcomes and risks of operative treatment of rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament in children and adolescents. Arthroscopy, 2010, 26(11): 1539-1550.
15. Hui C, Roe J, Ferguson D, et al. Outcome of anatomic transphyseal anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in Tanner stage 1 and 2 patients with open physes. Am J Sports Med, 2012, 40(5): 1093-1098.
16. Aronowitz ER, Ganley TJ, Goode JR, et al. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in adolescents with open physes. Am J Sports Med, 2000, 28(2): 168-175.
17. Schneider FJ, Kraus T, Linhart WE. Vorderer Kreuzbandersatz mit der Semitendinosussehne bei Kindern. Operative Orthopädie und Traumatologie, 2008, 20(4-5): 409-422.
18. Demange MK, Camanho GL. Nonanatomic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with double-stranded semitendinosus grafts in children with open physes: minimum 15-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med, 2014, 42(12): 2926-2932.
19. Webster KE, Feller JA, Leigh WB, et al. Younger patients are at increased risk for graft rupture and contralateral injury after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med, 2014, 42(3): 641-647.
20. van Eck CF, Schkrohowsky JG, Working ZM, et al. Prospective analysis of failure rate and predictors of failure after anatomic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with allograft. Am J Sports Med, 2012, 40(4): 800-807.
21. 吴峥, 余家阔. 青少年前交叉韧带损伤治疗现状. 中国运动医学杂志, 2015, 34(4): 404-408.
22. Andernord D, Desai N, Björnsson H, et al. Patient predictors of early revision surgery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a cohort study of 16,930 patients with 2-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med, 2015, 43(1): 121-127.
23. Fältström A, Hägglund M, Magnusson H, et al. Predictors for additional anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: data from the Swedish national ACL register. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2016, 24(3): 885-894.
24. Kaeding CC, Pedroza AD, Reinke EK, et al. Risk factors and predictors of subsequent ACL injury in either knee after ACL reconstruction: prospective analysis of 2488 primary ACL reconstructions from the MOON cohort. Am J Sports Med, 2015, 43(7): 1583-1590.
25. Kvist J, Kartus J, Karlsson J, et al. Results from the Swedish national anterior cruciate ligament register. Arthroscopy, 2014, 30(7): 803-810.
26. Wiggins AJ, Grandhi RK, Schneider DK, et al. Risk of secondary injury in younger athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Am J Sports Med, 2016, 44(7): 1861-1876.
27. Allen MM, Pareek A, Krych AJ, et al. Are female soccer players at an increased risk of second anterior cruciate ligament injury compared with their athletic peers? Am J Sports Med, 2016, 44(10): 2492-2498.
28. Grindem H, Snyder-Mackler L, Moksnes H, et al. Simple decision rules can reduce reinjury risk by 84% after ACL reconstruction: the Delaware-Oslo ACL cohort study. Br J Sports Med, 2016, 50(13): 804-808.
29. Nagelli CV, Hewett TE. Should return to sport be delayed until 2 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction? Biological and functional considerations. Sports Med, 2017, 47(2): 221-232.
30. Schilaty ND, Bates NA, Sanders TL, et al. Incidence of second anterior cruciate ligament tears (1990-2000) and associated factors in a specific geographic locale. Am J Sports Med, 2017, 45(7): 1567-1573.
31. Hamrin Senorski E, Seil R, Svantesson E, et al. " I never made it to the pros…” Return to sport and becoming an elite athlete after pediatric and adolescent anterior cruciate ligament injury-Current evidence and future directions. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2018, 26(4): 1011-1018.
32. 曾会粮, 冯文俊, 李萍, 等. 单束与双束重建前交叉韧带的长期结果相似: 一项 10 年回顾性研究. 中国组织工程研究, 2018, 22(23): 3692-3697.
33. Maeyama A, Hoshino Y, Kato Y, et al. Anatomic double bundle ACL reconstruction outperforms any types of single bundle ACL reconstructions in controlling dynamic rotational laxity. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2018, 26(5): 1414-1419.
34. Oishi K, Sasaki E, Naraoka T, et al. Anatomical relationship between insertion sites, tunnel placement, and lateral meniscus anterior horn injury during single and double bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions: A comparative macroscopic and histopathological evaluation in cadavers. J Orthop Sci, 2019, 24(3): 494-500.
35. Siebold R, Branch TP, Freedberg HI, et al. A matched pairs comparison of single- versus double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions, clinical results and manual laxity testing. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2011, 19(Suppl 1): S4-11.
36. Gong X, Jiang D, Wang YJ, et al. Second-look arthroscopic evaluation of chondral lesions after isolated anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: single- versus double-bundle reconstruction. Am J Sports Med, 2013, 41(10): 2362-2367.
37. Jiang D, Ao YF, Gong X, et al. Double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone allograft: technique and 2- to 5-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med, 2012, 40(5): 1084-1092.
38. Salzmann GM, Spang JT, Imhoff AB. Double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in a skeletally immature adolescent athlete. Arthroscopy, 2009, 25(3): 321-324.
39. Koizumi H, Kimura M, Kamimura T, et al. The outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in adolescents with open physes. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2013, 21(4): 950-956.
40. Siebold R, Takada T, Feil S, et al. Anatomical " C”-shaped double-bundle versus single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in pre-adolescent children with open growth plates. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2016, 24(3): 796-806.
41. 梁学振, 田原, 王少山, 等. 关节镜下一期治疗前交叉韧带损伤合并半月板桶柄样撕裂的疗效观察. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2017, 31(5): 547-552.
42. 沈光银, 颜斌. 改良关节镜下缝线内固定治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点骨折. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2017, 31(2): 251-253.
43. Mäkelä EA, Vainionpää S, Vihtonen K, et al. The effect of trauma to the lower femoral epiphyseal plate. An experimental study in rabbits. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 1988, 70(2): 187-191.
44. Shea KG, Grimm NL, Belzer JS. Volumetric injury of the distal femoral physis during double-bundle ACL reconstruction in children: a three-dimensional study with use of magnetic resonance imaging. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2011, 93(11): 1033-1038.
45. Yoo YS, Song SY, Yang CJ, et al. A comparison between clinical results of selective bundle and double bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Yonsei Med J, 2016, 57(5): 1199-1208.

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