Superficial temporal artery composite perforator flap in repair of temporal skin and soft tissue defects and reconstruction of sideburns_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

LIU Meijun ,  NIE Kaiyu , HU Peng , WEI Zairong , WANG Dali , ZENG Xueqin

Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563003, P.R.China;

Corresponding author：

NIE Kaiyu, Email: 1147900529@qq.com

Keywords：

Superficial temporal artery; composite perforator flap; temporal region; sideburn reconstruction; wound repair

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.201909046

Video：

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Objective To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of repairing temporal skin and soft tissue defects and reconstructing sideburns with superficial temporal artery composite perforator flap.Methods Between January 2018 and January 2019, 12 patients with temporal tumors were treated. There were 5 males and 7 females with an average age of 51 years (range, 37-68 years). There were 8 cases of basal cell carcinoma and 4 cases of squamous cell carcinoma. The disease duration ranged from 3 months to 4 years (mean, 13 months). The area of residual wound after tumor resection was 3.8 cm×2.5 cm-5.2 cm×3.5 cm. The superficial temporal artery composite perforator flap was designed. The hairy superficial temporal artery frontal branch perforator flap was used to repair the hair growing area and reconstruct the sideburn; and the area of the flap was 2.5 cm×1.0 cm-4.2 cm×3.0 cm. And the superficial temporal artery descending branch perforator flap without hair was used to repair the hair-free area; and the area of the flap was 2.5 cm×1.5 cm-7.5 cm×4.0 cm. The donor sites were sutured directly.Results All flaps survived, and the incisions at the donor and recipient sites healed by first intention. Eleven patients were followed up 6-12 months (mean, 9 months). The incisions were not obvious. The flaps were flat and the color of the flaps were not significantly different from the surrounding skin. The reconstructed sideburns were consistent with the healthy side and the facial appearance was satisfactory. No local tumor recurred during follow-up.Conclusion For the temporal skin and soft tissue defects involving the sideburn, the superficial temporal artery composite perforator flap can be used to repair subunits with different aesthetic characteristics in sections and has the advantages of operating simply, obtaining satisfied facial appearance, and little effect on the donor site.

Citation： LIU Meijun, NIE Kaiyu, HU Peng, WEI Zairong, WANG Dali, ZENG Xueqin. Superficial temporal artery composite perforator flap in repair of temporal skin and soft tissue defects and reconstruction of sideburns. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2020, 34(4): 493-496. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.201909046 Copy

1.	Zhou R, Wang C, Qian Y, et al. Combined flaps based on the superficial temporal vascular system for reconstruction of facial defects. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg, 2015, 68(9): 1235-1241.
2.	Gravvanis A, Iconomou T, Tsoutsos D, et al. Aesthetic and anatomic subunit reconstruction of composite mandibular gunshot wound. J Craniofac Surg, 2012, 23(2): e95-e98.
3.	聂开瑜, 陈伟, 魏在荣, 等. 颞浅动脉额支皮瓣与逆行耳后动脉皮瓣联合修复耳前皮肤软组织缺损. 中华整形外科杂志, 2017, 33(1): 8-11.
4.	陈伟. 颞浅动脉的显微解剖及临床应用. 天津: 天津医科大学, 2014.
5.	常树森, 唐修俊, 魏在荣, 等. 接力皮瓣修复耳廓及供瓣区皮肤软组织缺损. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2019, 33(1): 73-76.
6.	Ceran F, Sagir M, Saglam O, et al. Eyebrow reconstruction after tumor excision by using superficial temporal artery island flap. J Craniofac Surg, 2014, 25(6): 2263-2264.
7.	Yang M, Zhao Y. Reconstruction of full-thickness lower eyelid defect using superficial temporal artery island flap combined with auricular cartilage graft. J Craniofac Surg, 2015, 26(2): 576-579.
8.	Pang XY, Ren J, Xu W, et al. Aesthetic eyebrow reconstruction with an expanded scalp island flap pedicled by the superficial temporal artery. Aesthetic Plastic Surg, 2017, 41(3): 563-567.
9.	Tilotta F, Lazaroo B, Laujac MH, et al. A study of the vascularization of the auricle by dissection and diaphanization. Surg Radiol Anat, 2009, 31(4): 259-265.
10.	Xu M, Yang C, Li JH, et al. Reconstruction of the zygomatic cheek defects using a flap based on the pretragal perforator of the superficial temporal artery. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg, 2014, 67(11): 1508-1514.
11.	Scaglioni MF, Suami H, Brandozzi G, et al. Cadaveric dissection and clinical experience with 20 consecutive tunneled pedicled superficial temporal artery perforator (STAP) flaps for ear reconstruction. Microsurgery, 2015, 35(3): 190-195.
12.	Ahmed M, Loh CYY. Frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery advancement flap with Burrow’s triangles excision for temporal defect reconstruction. J Maxillofac Oral Surg, 2018, 17(4): 638-640.
13.	肖辉, 曾宁, 王海平, 等. 吻合静脉的颞浅动脉额支逆行岛状皮瓣修复眶周缺损. 中华整形外科杂志, 2017, 33(3): 175-179.
14.	Hurvitz KA, Kobayashi M, Evans GR. Current options in head and neck reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2006, 118(5): 122e-133e.
15.	Huang CH, Qian HG, Zhao XY, et al. Repairing facial soft tissue defects by swelling anesthesia after tumor resection with narrow pedicle flaps. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2015, 16(15): 6761-6763.
16.	Lee MJ, Yang HJ, Kim JH. Reconstruction techniques for tissue defects formed after preauricular sinus excision. Arch Plast Surg, 2014, 41(1): 45-49.
17.	Wang Y, Long X, Wang X. Reconstruction of periorbital soft tissue defect with reversed superficial temporal artery island flap. Ann Plast Surg, 2014, 73(Suppl 1): S70-S73.
18.	唐炜雅, 杨超, 张元政, 等. 耳屏前穿支岛状瓣在耳郭前外侧面缺损中的修复. 中国美容整形外科杂志, 2017, 28(4): 206-208.
19.	Fatma B, Alper U, Mehmet B. The superficial temporal artery island flap: An option for moustache reconstruction. J Craniofac Surg, 2019, 30(5): e404-e406.

1. Zhou R, Wang C, Qian Y, et al. Combined flaps based on the superficial temporal vascular system for reconstruction of facial defects. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg, 2015, 68(9): 1235-1241.
2. Gravvanis A, Iconomou T, Tsoutsos D, et al. Aesthetic and anatomic subunit reconstruction of composite mandibular gunshot wound. J Craniofac Surg, 2012, 23(2): e95-e98.
3. 聂开瑜, 陈伟, 魏在荣, 等. 颞浅动脉额支皮瓣与逆行耳后动脉皮瓣联合修复耳前皮肤软组织缺损. 中华整形外科杂志, 2017, 33(1): 8-11.
4. 陈伟. 颞浅动脉的显微解剖及临床应用. 天津: 天津医科大学, 2014.
5. 常树森, 唐修俊, 魏在荣, 等. 接力皮瓣修复耳廓及供瓣区皮肤软组织缺损. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2019, 33(1): 73-76.
6. Ceran F, Sagir M, Saglam O, et al. Eyebrow reconstruction after tumor excision by using superficial temporal artery island flap. J Craniofac Surg, 2014, 25(6): 2263-2264.
7. Yang M, Zhao Y. Reconstruction of full-thickness lower eyelid defect using superficial temporal artery island flap combined with auricular cartilage graft. J Craniofac Surg, 2015, 26(2): 576-579.
8. Pang XY, Ren J, Xu W, et al. Aesthetic eyebrow reconstruction with an expanded scalp island flap pedicled by the superficial temporal artery. Aesthetic Plastic Surg, 2017, 41(3): 563-567.
9. Tilotta F, Lazaroo B, Laujac MH, et al. A study of the vascularization of the auricle by dissection and diaphanization. Surg Radiol Anat, 2009, 31(4): 259-265.
10. Xu M, Yang C, Li JH, et al. Reconstruction of the zygomatic cheek defects using a flap based on the pretragal perforator of the superficial temporal artery. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg, 2014, 67(11): 1508-1514.
11. Scaglioni MF, Suami H, Brandozzi G, et al. Cadaveric dissection and clinical experience with 20 consecutive tunneled pedicled superficial temporal artery perforator (STAP) flaps for ear reconstruction. Microsurgery, 2015, 35(3): 190-195.
12. Ahmed M, Loh CYY. Frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery advancement flap with Burrow’s triangles excision for temporal defect reconstruction. J Maxillofac Oral Surg, 2018, 17(4): 638-640.
13. 肖辉, 曾宁, 王海平, 等. 吻合静脉的颞浅动脉额支逆行岛状皮瓣修复眶周缺损. 中华整形外科杂志, 2017, 33(3): 175-179.
14. Hurvitz KA, Kobayashi M, Evans GR. Current options in head and neck reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2006, 118(5): 122e-133e.
15. Huang CH, Qian HG, Zhao XY, et al. Repairing facial soft tissue defects by swelling anesthesia after tumor resection with narrow pedicle flaps. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2015, 16(15): 6761-6763.
16. Lee MJ, Yang HJ, Kim JH. Reconstruction techniques for tissue defects formed after preauricular sinus excision. Arch Plast Surg, 2014, 41(1): 45-49.
17. Wang Y, Long X, Wang X. Reconstruction of periorbital soft tissue defect with reversed superficial temporal artery island flap. Ann Plast Surg, 2014, 73(Suppl 1): S70-S73.
18. 唐炜雅, 杨超, 张元政, 等. 耳屏前穿支岛状瓣在耳郭前外侧面缺损中的修复. 中国美容整形外科杂志, 2017, 28(4): 206-208.
19. Fatma B, Alper U, Mehmet B. The superficial temporal artery island flap: An option for moustache reconstruction. J Craniofac Surg, 2019, 30(5): e404-e406.

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Superficial temporal artery composite perforator flap in repair of temporal skin and soft tissue defects and reconstruction of sideburns

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