Research progress in anterolateral ligament of knee_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

ZHANG Zhong , ZHANG Kaibo , MAO Beini , LAI Sike , LI Jian ,  FU Weili

Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China;

Corresponding author：

FU Weili, Email: foxwin2008@163.com

Keywords：

Knee; anterolateral ligament; anatomy; biomechanics; effectiveness

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.201909048

Video：

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Objective To review research progress in the anterolateral ligament (ALL) of knee, and provide a clinical reference for diagnosis and treatment of ALL injury.Methods The literature on the diagnosis and treatment of ALL injury was widely reviewed. The incidence, anatomy, biomechanics, injury mechanism, and treatment status of ALL were summarized.Results The ALL contributes to the effect of controlling the internal rotation and anterior translation of the tibia, which affects the axial migration of the knee. ALL injury can be diagnosed according to the signs and MRI examination. Currently, no consensus exists for the surgical indications of ALL injury, but most surgeons tend to perform ALL reconstruction in patients requiring anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction or revision surgery with higher pivot-shift tests. At present, various techniques have been used for ALL reconstruction, and there is no optimal technique. In addition, the long-term effectiveness of ALL reconstruction is unclear due to the lack of high-quality studies and long-term postoperative follow-up.Conclusion The ALL contributes to maintaining knee stability, and the ALL reconstruction technique and its effectiveness still need further research.

Citation： ZHANG Zhong, ZHANG Kaibo, MAO Beini, LAI Sike, LI Jian, FU Weili. Research progress in anterolateral ligament of knee. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2020, 34(5): 643-650. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.201909048 Copy

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2. Karikis I, Desai N, Sernert N, et al. Comparison of anatomic double- and single-bundle techniques for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using hamstring tendon autografts: a prospective randomized study with 5-year clinical and radiographic follow-up. Am J Sports Med, 2016, 44(5): 1225-1236.
3. Cerciello S, Batailler C, Darwich N, et al. Extra-articular tenodesis in combination with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: an overview. Clin Sports Med, 2018, 37(1): 87-100.
4. Segond P. Recherches cliniques et expérimentales sur les épanchements sanguins du genou par entorse. Le Progrés médical, 1879, 7(1): 297-299.
5. Claes S, Vereecke E, Maes M, et al. Anatomy of the anterolateral ligament of the knee. J Anat, 2013, 223(4): 321-328.
6. Daggett M, Ockuly AC, Cullen M, et al. Femoral origin of the anterolateral ligament: an anatomic analysis. Arthroscopy, 2016, 32(5): 835-841.
7. Rahnemai-Azar AA, Miller RM, Guenther D, et al. Structural properties of the anterolateral capsule and iliotibial band of the knee. Am J Sports Med, 2016, 44(4): 892-897.
8. Ariel de Lima D, Helito CP, Lacerda de Lima L, et al. Anatomy of the anterolateral ligament of the knee: a systematic review. Arthroscopy, 2019, 35(2): 670-681.
9. Ariel de Lima D, Helito CP, Daggett M, et al. Anterolateral ligament of the knee: a step-by-step dissection. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2019, 20(1): 142.
10. Neri T, Palpacuer F, Testa R, et al. The anterolateral ligament: anatomic implications for its reconstruction. Knee, 2017, 24(5): 1083-1089.
11. 蔡江瑜, 金文赫, 盛旦丹, 等. 国人膝关节前外侧韧带的解剖学研究. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2017, 31(12): 1452-1455.
12. Daggett M, Helito C, Cullen M, et al. The anterolateral ligament: an anatomic study on sex-based differences. Orthop J Sports Med, 2017, 5(2): 2325967116689387.
13. Hohenberger GM, Maier M, Schwarz AM, et al. Correlation analysis of the anterolateral ligament length with the anterior cruciate ligament length and patient’s height: an anatomical study. Sci Rep, 2019, 9(1): 9802.
14. Olewnik Ł, Gonera B, Kurtys K, et al. The anterolateral ligament of the knee: a proposed classification system. Clin Anat, 2018, 31(7): 966-973.
15. Parker M, Smith HF. Anatomical variation in the anterolateral ligament of the knee and a new dissection technique for embalmed cadaveric specimens. Anat Sci Int, 2018, 93(2): 177-187.
16. Sonnery-Cottet B, Daggett M, Fayard JM, et al. Anterolateral Ligament Expert Group consensus paper on the management of internal rotation and instability of the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee. J Orthop Traumatol, 2017, 18(2): 91-106.
17. Williams A. Editorial commentary: the anterolateral ligament: the Emperor’s new clothes. Arthroscopy, 2018, 34(4): 1015-1021.
18. Puzzitiello RN, Agarwalla A, Zuke WA, et al. Imaging diagnosis of injury to the anterolateral ligament in patients with anterior cruciate ligaments: association of anterolateral ligament injury with other types of knee pathology and grade of pivot-shift examination: a systematic review. Arthroscopy, 2018, 34(9): 2728-2738.
19. Van der Watt L, Khan M, Rothrauff BB, et al. The structure and function of the anterolateral ligament of the knee: a systematic review. Arthroscopy, 2015, 31(3): 569-582.e3.
20. Kennedy MI, Claes S, Fuso FA, et al. The anterolateral ligament: an anatomic, radiographic, and biomechanical analysis. Am J Sports Med, 2015, 43(7): 1606-1615.
21. Kraeutler MJ, Welton KL, Chahla J, et al. Current concepts of the anterolateral ligament of the knee: anatomy, biomechanics, and reconstruction. Am J Sports Med, 2018, 46(5): 1235-1242.
22. Park YB, Lee HJ, Ro DH, et al. Anterolateral ligament injury has a synergic impact on the anterolateral rotatory laxity in acute anterior cruciate ligament-injured knees. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2019, 27: 3334-3344.
23. Ferretti A, Monaco E, Fabbri M, et al. Prevalence and classification of injuries of anterolateral complex in acute anterior cruciate ligament tears. Arthroscopy, 2017, 33(1): 147-154.
24. Monaco E, Fabbri M, Mazza D, et al. The effect of sequential tearing of the anterior cruciate and anterolateral ligament on anterior translation and the pivot-shift phenomenon: a cadaveric study using navigation. Arthroscopy, 2018, 34(4): 1009-1014.
25. Geeslin AG, Chahla J, Moatshe G, et al. Anterolateral knee extra-articular stabilizers: a robotic sectioning study of the anterolateral ligament and distal iliotibial band kaplan fibers. Am J Sports Med, 2018, 46(6): 1352-1361.
26. Parsons EM, Gee AO, Spiekerman C, et al. The biomechanical function of the anterolateral ligament of the knee: response. Am J Sports Med, 2015, 43(8): NP22.
27. Ahn JH, Koh IJ, McGarry MH, et al. Elongation patterns of the anterior and posterior borders of the anterolateral ligament of the knee. Arthroscopy, 2019, 35(7): 2152-2159.
28. Muramatsu K, Saithna A, Watanabe H, et al. Three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging of the anterolateral ligament of the knee: an evaluation of intact and anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees from the Scientific Anterior Cruciate Ligament Network International (SANTI) study group. Arthroscopy, 2018, 34(7): 2207-2217.
29. Lopomo N, Signorelli C, Rahnemai-Azar AA, et al. Analysis of the influence of anaesthesia on the clinical and quantitative assessment of the pivot shift: a multicenter international study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2017, 25(10): 3004-3011.
30. Song GY, Zhang H, Wu G, et al. Patients with high-grade pivot-shift phenomenon are associated with higher prevalence of anterolateral ligament injury after acute anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2017, 25(4): 1111-1116.
31. Shaikh H, Herbst E, Rahnemai-Azar AA, et al. The Segond fracture is an avulsion of the anterolateral complex. Am J Sports Med, 2017, 45(10): 2247-2252.
32. Andrade R, Rebelo-Marques A, Bastos R, et al. Identification of normal and injured anterolateral ligaments of the knee: a systematic review of magnetic resonance imaging studies. Arthroscopy, 2019, 35(5): 1594-1613.e1.
33. Helito CP, Helito P, Assirati L, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of the anterolateral ligament in acute anterior cruciate ligament Injuries in an adolescent population. Arthroscopy, 2019, 35(7): 2136-2142.
34. Shimakawa T, Burkhart TA, Dunning CE, et al. Lateral compartment contact pressures do not increase after lateral extra-articular tenodesis and subsequent subtotal meniscectomy. Orthop J Sports Med, 2019, 7(6): 2325967119854657.
35. Monaco E, Helito CP, Redler A, et al. Correlation between magnetic resonance imaging and surgical exploration of the anterolateral structures of the acute anterior cruciate ligament-injured knee. Am J Sports Med, 2019, 47(5): 1186-1193.
36. Taneja AK, Miranda FC, Braga CA, et al. MRI features of the anterolateral ligament of the knee. Skeletal Radiol, 2015, 44(3): 403-410.
37. Kızılgöz V, Sivrioğlu AK, Aydın H, et al. Assessment of the anterolateral ligament of the knee by 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging. J Int Med Res, 2018, 46(4): 1486-1495.
38. Capo J, Kaplan DJ, Fralinger DJ, et al. Ultrasonographic visualization and assessment of the anterolateral ligament. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2017, 25(10): 3134-3139.
39. Cavaignac E, Wytrykowski K, Reina N, et al. Ultrasonographic identification of the anterolateral ligament of the knee. Arthroscopy, 2016, 32(1): 120-126.
40. Oshima T, Nakase J, Numata H, et al. Ultrasonography imaging of the anterolateral ligament using real-time virtual sonography. Knee, 2016, 23(2): 198-202.
41. Gunaydin B, Turgut A, Sari A, et al. Does anterolateral ligament rupture affect functional outcomes in patients who underwent an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Int J Surg, 2019, 65: 25-31.
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Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Research progress in anterolateral ligament of knee

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