The role of helper T cell in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

YANG Dinglong ¹ ,  ZHANG Zhiqiang ²

1. Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan Shanxi, 030000, P.R.China;
2. Department of Joint Surgery, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan Shanxi, 030000, P.R.China;

Corresponding author：

ZHANG Zhiqiang, Email: 13393430930@163.com

Keywords：

Helper T cell; osteoarthritis; pathogenesis; osteoimmunology

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.201910063

Video：

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Objective To review and summarize the role of helper T cell (Th) in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) and research progress of Th cell-related treatment for OA.Methods The domestic and foreign literature in recent years was reviewed. The role of Th cells [Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, and follicular helper T cell (Tfh)] and related cytokines in the pathogenesis of OA and the latest research progress of treatment were summarized.Results Th cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of OA. Th1, Th9, and Th17 cells are more important than Th2, Th22, and Tfh cells in the pathogenesis of OA. Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 17 can cause damage to articular cartilage significantly.Conclusion At present, the role of Th cells in the pathogenesis of OA has been played in the spotlight. The specific mechanism has not been clear. Regulating the Th cell-associated cytokines, intracellular and extracellular signals, and cellular metabolism is a potential method for prevention and treatment of OA.

Citation： YANG Dinglong, ZHANG Zhiqiang. The role of helper T cell in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2020, 34(7): 932-938. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.201910063 Copy

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1. 贾笛, 李彦林, 王坤, 等. 非编码 RNA 调控骨关节炎的分子生物学研究进展. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2017, 31(3): 374-378.
2. Felson DT, Lawrence RC, Dieppe PA, et al. Osteoarthritis: new insights. Part 1: the disease and its risk factors. Ann Intern Med, 2000, 133(8): 635-646.
3. Li Y, Xiao W, Luo W, et al. Alterations of amino acid metabolism in osteoarthritis: its implications for nutrition and health. Amino Acids, 2016, 48(4): 907-914.
4. Malfait AM. Osteoarthritis year in review 2015: biology. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2016, 24(1): 21-26.
5. 钟礼伦, 彭颖君, 梁桂平, 等. 肠道菌群、免疫与骨关节炎关系研究进展. 实用骨科杂志, 2019, 25(10): 916-919.
6. Sakkas LI, Platsoucas CD. The role of T cells in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum, 2007, 56(2): 409-424.
7. de Lange-Brokaar BJ, Ioan-Facsinay A, van Osch GJ, et al. Synovial inflammation, immune cells and their cytokines in osteoarthritis: a review. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2012, 20(12): 1484-1499.
8. Ponchel F, Burska AN, Hensor EM, et al. Changes in peripheral blood immune cell composition in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2015, 23(11): 1870-1878.
9. Srivastava RK, Dar HY, Mishra PK. Immunoporosis: immunology of osteoporosis-role of T cells. Front Immunol, 2018, 9: 657.
10. McInnes IB, Schett G. Cytokines in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Immunol, 2007, 7(6): 429-442.
11. Śledzińska A, Vila de Mucha M, Bergerhoff K, et al. Regulatory T cells restrain Interleukin-2- and Blimp-1-dependent acquisition of cytotoxic function by CD4⁺ T cells. Immunity, 2000, 52(1): 151-166.e6.
12. Li YS, Luo W, Zhu SA, et al. T cells in osteoarthritis: Alterations and beyond. Front Immunol, 2017, 8: 356.
13. Pessler F, Chen LX, Dai L, et al. A histomorphometric analysis of synovial biopsies from individuals with Gulf War Veterans’ Illness and joint pain compared to normal and osteoarthritis synovium. Clin Rheumatol, 2008, 27(9): 1127-1134.
14. Alsalameh S, Mollenhauer J, Hain N, et al. Cellular immune response toward human articular chondrocytes. T cell reactivities against chondrocyte and fibroblast membranes in destructive joint diseases. Arthritis Rheum, 1990, 33(10): 1477-1486.
15. Sakata M, Masuko-Hongo K, Nakamura H, et al. Osteoarthritic articular chondrocytes stimulate autologous T cell responses in vitro. Clin Exp Rheumatol, 2003, 21(6): 704-710.
16. Champion BR, Poole AR. Immunity to homologous type Ⅲ collagen after partial meniscectomy and sham surgery in rabbits. Arthritis Rheum, 1982, 25(3): 274-287.
17. Arkestäl K, Mints M, Enocson A, et al. CCR2 upregulated on peripheral T cells in osteoarthritis but not in bone marrow. Scand J Immunol, 2018, 88(6): e12722.
18. Chen J, Sun G, Chen F, et al. T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain 3 polymorphism affects cytokine expression in different cells and is associated with increased susceptibility to knee osteoarthritis. Gene, 2015, 566(1): 32-36.
19. 黄辉, 周扬, 平键, 等. Th1/Th2 细胞平衡与纤维增生性疾病的相关性. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2019, 35(4): 883-886.
20. Raphael I, Nalawade S, Eagar TN, et al. T cell subsets and their signature cytokines in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Cytokine, 2015, 74(1): 5-17.
21. Ren W, Liu G, Chen S, et al. Melatonin signaling in T cells: Functions and applications. J Pineal Res, 2017, 62(3).
22. Rosshirt N, Hagmann S, Tripel E, et al. A predominant Th1 polarization is present in synovial fluid of end-stage osteoarthritic knee joints: analysis of peripheral blood, synovial fluid and synovial membrane. Clin Exp Immunol, 2019, 195(3): 395-406.
23. Haynes MK, Hume EL, Smith JB. Phenotypic characterization of inflammatory cells from osteoarthritic synovium and synovial fluids. Clin Immunol, 2002, 105(3): 315-325.
24. Yamada H, Nakashima Y, Okazaki K, et al. Preferential accumulation of activated Th1 cells not only in rheumatoid arthritis but also in osteoarthritis joints. J Rheumatol, 2011, 38(8): 1569-1575.
25. Dolganiuc A, Stavaru C, Anghel M, et al. Shift toward T lymphocytes with Th1 and Tc1 cytokine-secterion profile in the joints of patients with osteoarthritis. Roum Arch Microbiol Immunol, 1999, 58(3-4): 249-258.
26. Chen DY, Lan JL, Lin FJ, et al. Predominance of Th1 cytokine in peripheral blood and pathological tissues of patients with active untreated adult onset Stillxs disease. Ann Rheum Dis, 2004, 63(10): 1300-1306.
27. Moradi B, Rosshirt N, Hagmann S, et al. Osteoarthritis progression is accompanied by inflammatory CD4⁺ T-Cell polarisation. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2012, 20(Supplement 1): S232-S233.
28. Ishii H, Tanaka H, Katoh K, et al. Characterization of infiltrating T cells and Th1/Th2-type cytokines in the synovium of patients with osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2002, 10(4): 277-281.
29. Scott JL, Gabrielides C, Davidson RK, et al. Superoxide dismutase downregulation in osteoarthritis progression and end-stage disease. Ann Rheum Dis, 2010, 69(8): 1502-1510.
30. Schlaak JF, Pfers I, Meyer Zum Buschenfelde KH, et al. Different cytokine profiles in the synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and seronegative spondylarthropathies. Clin Exp Rheumatol, 1996, 14(2): 155-162.
31. Haseeb A, Haqqi TM. Immunopathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Clin Immunol, 2013, 146(3): 185-196.
32. Lotz M, Terkeltaub R, Villiger PM. Cartilage and joint inflammation. Regulation of IL-8 expression by human articular chondrocytes. J Immunol, 1992, 148(2): 466-473.
33. Alaaeddine N, Olee T, Hashimoto S, et al. Production of the chemokine RANTES by articular chondrocytes and role in cartilage degradation. Arthritis Rheum, 2001, 44(7): 1633-1643.
34. Saklatvala J. Tumour necrosis factor alpha stimulates resorption and inhibits synthesis of proteoglycan in cartilage. Nature, 1986, 322(6079): 547-549.
35. Li H, Xie S, Qi Y, et al. TNF-alpha increases the expression of inflammatory factors in synovial fibroblasts by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway in a rat model of monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis. Exp Ther Med, 2018, 16(6): 4737-4744.
36. Dar HY, Azam Z, Anupam R, et al. Osteoimmunology: The nexus between bone and immune system. Front Biosci (Landmrk Ed), 2018, 23: 464-492.
37. Zhu J, Yamane H, Paul WE. Differentiation of effector CD4 T cell populations (*). Annu Rev Immunol, 2010, 28: 445-489.
38. Hegemann N, Wondimu A, Kohn B, et al. Cytokine profile in canine immune-mediated polyarthritis and osteoarthritis. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol, 2005, 18(2): 67-72.
39. Sakkas LI, Scanzello C, Johanson N, et al. T cells and T-cell cytokine transcripts in the synovial membrane in patients with osteoarthritis. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 1998, 5(4): 430-437.
40. Angkasekwinai P. Th9 cells in allergic disease. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep, 2019, 19(5): 29.
41. Schmitt E, Klein M, Bopp T. Th9 cells, new players in adaptive immunity. Trends Immunol, 2014, 35(2): 61-68.
42. Kundu-Raychaudhuri S, Abria C, Raychaudhuri SP. IL-9, a local growth factor for synovial T cells in inflammatory arthritis. Cytokine, 2016, 79: 45-51.
43. Qi C, Shan Y, Wang J, et al. Circulating T helper 9 cells and increased serum interleukin-9 levels in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 2016, 43(5): 528-534.
44. Hou MM, Li YF, He LL, et al. Proportions of Th17 cells and Th17-related cytokines in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders patients: A meta-analysis. Int Immunopharmacol, 2019, 75: 105793.
45. Shabgah AG, Fattahi E, Shahneh FZ. Interleukin-17 in human inflammatory diseases. Postepy Dermatol Alergol, 2014, 31(4): 256-261.
46. Zhan FX, Li J, Fang M, et al. Importance of Th22 cell disequilibrium in immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Med Sci Monitor, 2018, 24: 8767-8772.
47. Zhang HR, Jiang ZZ, Zhang LY. Dual effect of T helper cell 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cell (Treg) in liver pathological process: From occurrence to end stage of disease. Int Immunopharmacol, 2019, 69: 50-59.
48. Miossec P, Kolls JK. Targeting IL-17 and TH17 cells in chronic inflammation. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 2012, 11(10): 763-776.
49. Zhang L, Li YG, Li YH, et al. Increased frequencies of Th22 cells as well as Th17 cells in the peripheral blood of patients with ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One, 2012, 7(4): e31000.
50. Askari A, Naghizadeh MM, Homayounfar R, et al. Increased serum levels of IL-17A and IL-23 are associated with decreased vitamin D3 and increased pain in osteoarthritis. PLoS One, 2016, 11(11): e0164757.
51. 张海森, 白玉明, 刘畅, 等. 血清及滑液白介素-17 水平与膝骨关节炎退变及膝痛程度的相关性研究. 中国医药导报, 2016, 13(33): 84-87.
52. Wang K, Xu J, Cai J, et al. Serum levels of resistin and interleukin-17 are associated with increased cartilage defects and bone marrow lesions in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Mod Rheumatol, 2017, 27(2): 339-344.
53. Chabaud M, Durand JM, Buchs N, et al. Human interleukin-17: A T cell-derived proinflammatory cytokine produced by the rheumatoid synovium. Arthritis Rheum, 1999, 42(5): 963-970.
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Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

The role of helper T cell in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis

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