Effects of age and gender on posterior cranial fossa linear volume and cerebellar tonsil position in normal populations_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

YANG Sheng ¹ , TANG Chao ² , LI Haibo ¹ ,  ZHONG Dejun ²

1. Department of Orthopedics, the First People’s Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu Sichuan, 610000, P.R.China;
2. Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou Sichuan, 646000, P.R.China;

Corresponding author：

ZHONG Dejun, Email: zdj_1974@163.com

Keywords：

Normal adult; posterior cranial fossa linear volume; cerebellar tonsil position; gender; age

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.202103158

Video：

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Objective To investigate the effects of gender and age on the posterior cranial fossa linear volume and cerebellar tonsil position in normal populations.Methods A total of 180 normal adults who underwent cervical MRI examination at the physical examination center were selected, including 90 males and 90 females; the age ranged from 20 to 79 years, with an average of 50.4 years. The posterior cranial fossa linear volume and cerebellar tonsil position were measured by two spine surgeons on the mid-sagittal plane of the cervical MRI T2-weighted image. The posterior cranial fossa linear volume included the length of clivus (AB), anteroposterior diameter of foramen magnum (BC), length of supraocciput (CD), anteroposterior diameter of posterior fossa (DA), posterior fossa height (BE), and clivus angle (∠α). The index of the cerebellar tonsil position was the distance from the lower edge of the cerebellar tonsil to the baseline (MN). The differences of each indicators between males and females were compared, and the correlations between age and each indicators were analyzed.Results The posterior fossa cranial linear volume AB, BC, CD, BE, and ∠α in males were significantly larger than those in females (P<0.05); DA in males was larger than that in females, but showing no significant difference (t=1.978, P=0.050). The cerebellar tonsil position (MN) in females was higher than that in males, but showing no significant difference (t=0.526, P=0.600). Correlation analysis showed that age was negatively correlated with AB, BC, CD, DA, BE, ∠α, and MN (r=−0.375, P=0.001; r=−0.417, P=0.001; r=−0.046, P=0.001; r=−0.244, P=0.001; r=−0.326, P=0.001; r=−0.320, P=0.001; r=−0.334, P=0.001).Conclusion The posterior cranial fossa linear volume of normal adults is significantly larger in males than in females; the posterior cranial fossa linear volume and the cerebellar tonsil position may have a decreasing process of age-related degeneration.

Citation： YANG Sheng, TANG Chao, LI Haibo, ZHONG Dejun. Effects of age and gender on posterior cranial fossa linear volume and cerebellar tonsil position in normal populations. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2021, 35(9): 1167-1171. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.202103158 Copy

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2.	Chiari H. Concerning alterations in the cerebellum resulting from cerebral hydrocephalus. 1891. Pediatr Neurosci, 1987, 13(1): 3-8.
3.	邓晓峰, 吴量, 杨辰龙. Chiari畸形研究进展. 国际神经病学神经外科学杂志, 2012, 39(5): 431-434.
4.	Marin-Padilla M, Marin-Padilla TM. Morphogenesis of experimentally induced Arnold—Chiari malformation. J Neurol Sci, 1981, 50(1): 29-55.
5.	Milhorat TH, Chou MW, Trinidad EM, et al. Chiari Ⅰ malformation redefined: clinical and radiographic findings for 364 symptomatic patients. Neurosurgery, 1999, 44(5): 1005-1017.
6.	Elster AD, Chen MY. Chiari Ⅰ malformations: clinical and radiologic reappraisal. Radiology, 1992, 183(2): 347-353.
7.	Meadows J, Kraut M, Guarnieri M, et al. Asymptomatic Chiari type Ⅰ malformations identified on magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosurg, 2000, 92(6): 920-926.
8.	Novegno F, Caldarelli M, Massa A, et al. The natural history of the Chiari type Ⅰ anomaly. J Neurosurg Pediatr, 2008, 2(3): 179-187.
9.	Strahle J, Muraszko KM, Kapurch J, et al. Chiari malformation type Ⅰ and syrinx in children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosurg Pediatr, 2011, 8(2): 205-213.
10.	Kahn EN, Muraszko KM, Maher CO. Prevalence of Chiari Ⅰ malformation and syringomyelia. Neurosurg Clin N Am, 2015, 26(4): 501-507.
11.	Karagöz F, Izgi N, Kapíjcíjoğlu Sencer S. Morphometric measurements of the cranium in patients with Chiari type Ⅰ malformation and comparison with the normal population. Acta Neurochir (Wien), 2002, 144(2): 165-171.
12.	李洋, 袁鑫鑫, 孙伟翔, 等. 成人Chiari畸形Ⅰ型后颅窝线性容积特征与小脑扁桃体下疝程度和脊髓空洞的相关性分析. 中国脊柱脊髓杂志, 2016, 26(8): 709-714.
13.	柏根基, 张金坤, 王德杭. 小脑扁桃体位置与年龄相关性变化的MRI研究. 中国临床医学影像杂志, 2001, 12(5): 305-307.
14.	Trigylidas T, Baronia B, Vassilyadi M, et al. Posterior fossa dimension and volume estimates in pediatric patients with Chiari Ⅰ malformations. Childs Nerv Syst, 2008, 24(3): 329-336.
15.	Smith BW, Strahle J, Bapuraj JR, et al. Distribution of cerebellar tonsil position: implications for understanding Chiari malformation. J Neurosurg, 2013, 119(3): 812-819.
16.	Tubbs RS, Hill M, Loukas M, et al. Volumetric analysis of the posterior cranial fossa in a family with four generations of the Chiari malformation type Ⅰ. J Neurosurg Pediatr, 2008, 1(1): 21-24.
17.	Tubbs RS, McGirt MJ, Oakes WJ. Surgical experience in 130 pediatric patients with Chiari I malformations. J Neurosurg, 2003, 99(2): 291-296.
18.	Yarbrough CK, Greenberg JK, Park TS. Clinical outcome measures in Chiari Ⅰ malformation. Neurosurg Clin N Am, 2015, 26(4): 533-541.
19.	吴涛, 刘臻, 朱泽章, 等. Chiari畸形Ⅰ型患者后颅窝线性容积的MRI测量. 中国脊柱脊髓杂志, 2012, 22(1): 44-48.
20.	Aylward EH, Reiss A. Area and volume measurement of posterior fossa structures in MRI. J Psychiatr Res, 1991, 25(4): 159-168.
21.	Iqbal S, Robert AP, Mathew D. Computed tomographic study of posterior cranial fossa, foramen magnum, and its surgical implications in Chiari malformations. Asian J Neurosurg, 2017, 12(3): 428-435.
22.	Sun X, Qiu Y, Zhu Z, et al. Variations of the position of the cerebellar tonsil in idiopathic scoliotic adolescents with a cobb angle>40 degrees: a magnetic resonance imaging study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2007, 32(15): 1680-1686.
23.	Gardner WJ. Hydrodynamic mechanism of syringomyelia: its relationship to myelocele. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 1965, 28(3): 247-259.
24.	Eppelheimer MS, Houston JR, Bapuraj JR, et al. A retrospective 2D morphometric analysis of adult female Chiari Type Ⅰ patients with commonly reported and related conditions. Front Neuroanat, 2018, 12: 2. doi: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00002.

1. Lirng JF, Fuh JL, Chen YY, et al. Posterior cranial fossa crowdedness is related to age and sex: an magnetic resonance volumetric study. Acta Radiol, 2005, 46(7): 737-742.
2. Chiari H. Concerning alterations in the cerebellum resulting from cerebral hydrocephalus. 1891. Pediatr Neurosci, 1987, 13(1): 3-8.
3. 邓晓峰, 吴量, 杨辰龙. Chiari畸形研究进展. 国际神经病学神经外科学杂志, 2012, 39(5): 431-434.
4. Marin-Padilla M, Marin-Padilla TM. Morphogenesis of experimentally induced Arnold—Chiari malformation. J Neurol Sci, 1981, 50(1): 29-55.
5. Milhorat TH, Chou MW, Trinidad EM, et al. Chiari Ⅰ malformation redefined: clinical and radiographic findings for 364 symptomatic patients. Neurosurgery, 1999, 44(5): 1005-1017.
6. Elster AD, Chen MY. Chiari Ⅰ malformations: clinical and radiologic reappraisal. Radiology, 1992, 183(2): 347-353.
7. Meadows J, Kraut M, Guarnieri M, et al. Asymptomatic Chiari type Ⅰ malformations identified on magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosurg, 2000, 92(6): 920-926.
8. Novegno F, Caldarelli M, Massa A, et al. The natural history of the Chiari type Ⅰ anomaly. J Neurosurg Pediatr, 2008, 2(3): 179-187.
9. Strahle J, Muraszko KM, Kapurch J, et al. Chiari malformation type Ⅰ and syrinx in children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosurg Pediatr, 2011, 8(2): 205-213.
10. Kahn EN, Muraszko KM, Maher CO. Prevalence of Chiari Ⅰ malformation and syringomyelia. Neurosurg Clin N Am, 2015, 26(4): 501-507.
11. Karagöz F, Izgi N, Kapíjcíjoğlu Sencer S. Morphometric measurements of the cranium in patients with Chiari type Ⅰ malformation and comparison with the normal population. Acta Neurochir (Wien), 2002, 144(2): 165-171.
12. 李洋, 袁鑫鑫, 孙伟翔, 等. 成人Chiari畸形Ⅰ型后颅窝线性容积特征与小脑扁桃体下疝程度和脊髓空洞的相关性分析. 中国脊柱脊髓杂志, 2016, 26(8): 709-714.
13. 柏根基, 张金坤, 王德杭. 小脑扁桃体位置与年龄相关性变化的MRI研究. 中国临床医学影像杂志, 2001, 12(5): 305-307.
14. Trigylidas T, Baronia B, Vassilyadi M, et al. Posterior fossa dimension and volume estimates in pediatric patients with Chiari Ⅰ malformations. Childs Nerv Syst, 2008, 24(3): 329-336.
15. Smith BW, Strahle J, Bapuraj JR, et al. Distribution of cerebellar tonsil position: implications for understanding Chiari malformation. J Neurosurg, 2013, 119(3): 812-819.
16. Tubbs RS, Hill M, Loukas M, et al. Volumetric analysis of the posterior cranial fossa in a family with four generations of the Chiari malformation type Ⅰ. J Neurosurg Pediatr, 2008, 1(1): 21-24.
17. Tubbs RS, McGirt MJ, Oakes WJ. Surgical experience in 130 pediatric patients with Chiari I malformations. J Neurosurg, 2003, 99(2): 291-296.
18. Yarbrough CK, Greenberg JK, Park TS. Clinical outcome measures in Chiari Ⅰ malformation. Neurosurg Clin N Am, 2015, 26(4): 533-541.
19. 吴涛, 刘臻, 朱泽章, 等. Chiari畸形Ⅰ型患者后颅窝线性容积的MRI测量. 中国脊柱脊髓杂志, 2012, 22(1): 44-48.
20. Aylward EH, Reiss A. Area and volume measurement of posterior fossa structures in MRI. J Psychiatr Res, 1991, 25(4): 159-168.
21. Iqbal S, Robert AP, Mathew D. Computed tomographic study of posterior cranial fossa, foramen magnum, and its surgical implications in Chiari malformations. Asian J Neurosurg, 2017, 12(3): 428-435.
22. Sun X, Qiu Y, Zhu Z, et al. Variations of the position of the cerebellar tonsil in idiopathic scoliotic adolescents with a cobb angle>40 degrees: a magnetic resonance imaging study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2007, 32(15): 1680-1686.
23. Gardner WJ. Hydrodynamic mechanism of syringomyelia: its relationship to myelocele. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 1965, 28(3): 247-259.
24. Eppelheimer MS, Houston JR, Bapuraj JR, et al. A retrospective 2D morphometric analysis of adult female Chiari Type Ⅰ patients with commonly reported and related conditions. Front Neuroanat, 2018, 12: 2. doi: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00002.

Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Effects of age and gender on posterior cranial fossa linear volume and cerebellar tonsil position in normal populations

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