Recent research progress of hip-preserving treatment for adolescents and adults with developmental dysplasia of the hip_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

WU Jinyan ^1,2 ,  CHEN Xiaodong ^1,2

1. Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R.China;
2. Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, P.R.China;

Corresponding author：

CHEN Xiaodong, Email: chenxiaodong@xinhuamed.com.cn

Keywords：

Developmental dysplasia of the hip; delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage; hip arthroscope; peracetabular osteotomy; individualized treatment

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.202108073

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To review the imaging evaluation, treatment progress, and controversy related to developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in adolescents and adults. Methods The domestic and abroad hot issues related to adolescents and adults with DDH in recent years, including new imaging techniques for assessing cartilage, controversies over the diagnosis and treatment of borderline DDH (BDDH), and the improvement and prospect of peracetabular osteotomy (PAO) were summarized and analyzed. Results DDH is one of the main factors leading to hip osteoarthritis. As the understanding of the pathological changes of DDH continues to deepen, the use of delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage can further evaluate the progress of osteoarthritis and predict the prognosis after hip preservation. There are still controversies about the diagnosis and treatment of BDDH. At the same time, PAO technology and concepts are still being improved. Conclusion Cartilage injury and bony structure determine the choice of surgical methods and postoperative prognosis of hip preservation surgery. The hip preservation of adolescent and adult DDH patients will move towards the goal of individualization and accuracy.

Citation： WU Jinyan, CHEN Xiaodong. Recent research progress of hip-preserving treatment for adolescents and adults with developmental dysplasia of the hip. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2021, 35(12): 1513-1518. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.202108073 Copy

1.	Schmitz MR, Murtha AS, Clohisy JC, et al. Developmental dysplasia of the hip in adolescents and young adults. J Am Acad Orthop Surg, 2020, 28(3): 91-101.
2.	Harris MD, Shepherd MC, SONG K, et al. The biomechanical disadvantage of dysplastic hips. J Orthop Res, 2021. doi: 10.1002/jor.25165.
3.	Domb BG, Chen SL, Go CC, et al. Predictors of clinical outcomes after hip arthroscopy: 5-year follow-up analysis of 1038 patients. Am J Sports Med, 2021, 49(1): 112-120.
4.	Kraeutler MJ, Safran MR, Scillia AJ, et al. A contemporary look at the evaluation and treatment of adult borderline and frank hip dysplasia. Am J Sports Med, 2020, 48(9): 2314-2323.
5.	Brusalis CM, Peck J, Wilkin GP, et al. Periacetabular osteotomy as a salvage procedure: Early outcomes in patients treated for iatrogenic hip instability. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2020, 102(Suppl2): 73-79.
6.	Ali M, Malviya A. Complications and outcome after periacetabular osteotomy-influence of surgical approach. Hip Int, 2020, 30(1): 4-15.
7.	Link TM, Stahl R, Woertler K. Cartilage imaging: motivation, techniques, current and future significance. Eur Radiol, 2007, 17(5): 1135-1146.
8.	Crockett R, Grubelnik A, Roos S, et al. Biochemical composition of the superficial layer of articular cartilage. J Biomed Mater Res A, 2007, 82(4): 958-964.
9.	Hingsammer AM, Miller PE, Millis MB, et al. Does periacetabular osteotomy have depth-related effects on the articular cartilage of the hip? Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2015, 473(12): 3735-3743.
10.	Cunningham T, Jessel R, Zurakowski D, et al. Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage to predict early failure of Bernese periacetabular osteotomy for hip dysplasia. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2006, 88(7): 1540-1548.
11.	Jessel RH, Zurakowski D, Zilkens C, et al. Radiographic and patient factors associated with pre-radiographic osteoarthritis in hip dysplasia. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2009, 91(5): 1120-1129.
12.	Melkus G, Beaulé PE, Wilkin G, et al. What is the correlation among dGEMRIC, T1ρ, and T2* quantitative MRI cartilage mapping techniques in developmental hip dysplasia? Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2021, 479(5): 1016-1024.
13.	Kim SD, Jessel R, Zurakowski D, et al. Anterior delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage values predict joint failure after periacetabular osteotomy. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2012, 470(12): 3332-3341.
14.	Fernquest S, Palmer A, Gammer B, et al. Compositional MRI of the hip: Reproducibility, effect of joint unloading, and comparison of T2 relaxometry with delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage. Cartilage, 2021, 12(4): 418-430.
15.	Hesper T, Bittersohl B, Schleich C, et al. Automatic cartilage segmentation for delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of hip joint cartilage: A feasibility study. Cartilage, 2020, 11(1): 32-37.
16.	Wyatt MC, Beck M. The management of the painful borderline dysplastic hip. J Hip Preserv Surg, 2018, 5(2): 105-112.
17.	Murata Y, Fukase N, Dornan G, et al. Arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement in patients with and without borderline developmental dysplasia of the hip: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Orthop J Sports Med, 2021, 9(8): 23259671211015973. doi: 10.1177/23259671211015973.
18.	Millis MB, Kim YJ. Rationale of osteotomy and related procedures for hip preservation: a review. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2002, (405): 108-121.
19.	Kuroda Y, Saito M, Sunil Kumar KH, et al. Hip arthroscopy and borderline developmental dysplasia of the hip: A systematic review. Arthroscopy, 2020, 36(9): 2550-2567.
20.	Wiberg G. Studies on dysplastic acetabula and congenital subluxation of the hip joint with special reference to the complication of osteoarthritis. Acta Chir Scand, 1939, 83(Suppl58): 1-132.
21.	Fredensborg N. The CE angle of normal hips. Acta Orthop Scand, 1976, 47(4): 403-405.
22.	Garabekyan T, Ashwell Z, Chadayammuri V, et al. Lateral acetabular coverage predicts the size of the hip labrum. Am J Sports Med, 2016, 44(6): 1582-1589.
23.	Wyatt M, Weidner J, Pfluger D, et al. The femoro-epiphyseal acetabular roof (FEAR) index: A new measurement associated with instability in borderline hip dysplasia? Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2017, 475(3): 861-869.
24.	Wong TY, Jesse MK, Jensen A, et al. Upsloping lateral sourcil: a radiographic finding of hip instability. J Hip Preserv Surg, 2018, 5(4): 435-442.
25.	Higashihira S, Kobayashi N, Choe H, et al. Use of a 3D virtually reconstructed patient-specific model to examine the effect of acetabular labral interference on hip range of motion. Orthop J Sports Med, 2020, 8(11): 2325967120964465. doi: 10.1177/2325967120964465.
26.	Wilkin GP, Ibrahim MM, Smit KM, et al. A contemporary definition of hip dysplasia and structural instability: Toward a comprehensive classification for acetabular dysplasia. J Arthroplasty, 2017, 32(9S): S20-S27.
27.	Nepple JJ, Wells J, Ross JR, et al. Three patterns of acetabular deficiency are common in young adult patients with acetabular dysplasia. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2017, 475(4): 1037-1044.
28.	Nepple JJ, Fowler LM, Larson CM. Decision-making in the borderline hip. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev, 2021, 29(1): 15-21.
29.	Bartlett JD, Lawrence JE, Khanduja V. Virtual reality hip arthroscopy simulator demonstrates sufficient face validity. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2019, 27(10): 3162-3167.
30.	Byrd JW, Jones KS. Hip arthroscopy in the presence of dysplasia. Arthroscopy, 2003, 19(10): 1055-1060.
31.	Chaharbakhshi EO, Perets I, Ashberg L, et al. Do ligamentum teres tears portend inferior outcomes in patients with borderline dysplasia undergoing hip arthroscopic surgery? A match-controlled study with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med, 2017, 45(11): 2507-2516.
32.	Chandrasekaran S, Darwish N, Martin TJ, et al. Arthroscopic capsular plication and labral seal restoration in borderline hip dysplasia: 2-year clinical outcomes in 55 cases. Arthroscopy, 2017, 33(7): 1332-1340.
33.	Yeung M, Kowalczuk M, Simunovic N, et al. Hip arthroscopy in the setting of hip dysplasia: A systematic review. Bone Joint Res, 2016, 5(6): 225-231.
34.	Fukui K, Trindade CA, Briggs KK, et al. Arthroscopy of the hip for patients with mild to moderate developmental dysplasia of the hip and femoroacetabular impingement: Outcomes following hip arthroscopy for treatment of chondrolabral damage. Bone Joint J, 2015, 97-B(10): 1316-1321.
35.	Ding Z, Sun Y, Liu S, et al. Hip arthroscopic surgery in borderline developmental dysplastic hips: A systematic review. Am J Sports Med, 2019, 47(10): 2494-2500.
36.	Swarup I, Zaltz I, Robustelli S, et al. Outcomes of periacetabular osteotomy for borderline hip dysplasia in adolescent patients. J Hip Preserv Surg, 2020, 7(2): 249-255.
37.	Benali Y, Katthagen BD. Hip subluxation as a complication of arthroscopic debridement. Arthroscopy, 2009, 25(4): 405-407.
38.	McClincy MP, Wylie JD, Kim YJ, et al. Periacetabular osteotomy improves pain and function in patients with lateral center-edge angle between 18° and 25°, but are these hips really borderline dysplastic? Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2019, 477(5): 1145-1153.
39.	Livermore AT, Anderson LA, Anderson MB, et al. Correction of mildly dysplastic hips with periacetabular osteotomy demonstrates promising outcomes, achievement of correction goals, and excellent five-year survivorship. Bone Joint J, 2019, 101-B(6_Supple_B): 16-22.
40.	Murata Y, Fukase N, Martin M, et al. Comparison between hip arthroscopic surgery and periacetabular osteotomy for the treatment of patients with borderline developmental dysplasia of the hip: A systematic review. Orthop J Sports Med, 2021, 9(5): 23259671211007401. doi: 10.1177/23259671211007401.
41.	Ziran N, Varcadipane J, Kadri O, et al. Ten- and 20-year survivorship of the hip after periacetabular osteotomy for acetabular dysplasia. J Am Acad Orthop Surg, 2019, 27(7): 247-255.
42.	Ike H, Inaba Y, Kobayashi N, et al. Effects of rotational acetabular osteotomy on the mechanical stress within the hip joint in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip: a subject-specific finite element analysis. Bone Joint J, 2015, 97-B(4): 492-497.
43.	Ross JR, Zaltz I, Nepple JJ, et al. Arthroscopic disease classification and interventions as an adjunct in the treatment of acetabular dysplasia. Am J Sports Med, 2011, 39Suppl: 72S-78S.
44.	Parvizi J, Bican O, Bender B, et al. Arthroscopy for labral tears in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip: a cautionary note. J Arthroplasty, 2009, 24(6Suppl): 110-113.
45.	Thanacharoenpanich S, Boyle MJ, Murphy RF, et al. Periacetabular osteotomy for developmental hip dysplasia with labral tears: is arthrotomy or arthroscopy required? J Hip Preserv Surg, 2018, 5(1): 23-33.
46.	Cho YJ, Kim KI, Kwak SJ, et al. Long-term results of periacetabular rotational osteotomy concomitantly with arthroscopy in adult acetabular dysplasia. J Arthroplasty, 2020, 35(10): 2807-2812.
47.	Hartig-Andreasen C, Troelsen A, Thillemann TM, et al. Risk factors for the need of hip arthroscopy following periacetabular osteotomy. J Hip Preserv Surg, 2015, 2(4): 374-384.
48.	Hanke MS, Lerch TD, Schmaranzer F, et al. Complications of hip preserving surgery. EFORT Open Rev, 2021, 6(6): 472-486.
49.	Billings S, Kang HJ, Cheng A, et al. Minimally invasive registration for computer-assisted orthopedic surgery: combining tracked ultrasound and bone surface points via the P-IMLOP algorithm. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg, 2015, 10(6): 761-771.
50.	Xuyi W, Jianping P, Junfeng Z, et al. Application of three-dimensional computerised tomography reconstruction and image processing technology in individual operation design of developmental dysplasia of the hip patients. Int Orthop, 2016, 40(2): 255-265.
51.	Shelton TJ, Monazzam S, Calafi A, et al. Preoperative 3D modeling and printing for guiding periacetabular osteotomy. J Pediatr Orthop, 2021, 41(3): 149-158.
52.	许固军, 马明阳, 张帅, 等. Mako机器人辅助人工全髋关节置换术在发育性髋关节发育不良中的应用. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2021, 35(10): 1233-1239.
53.	Grupp RB, Murphy RJ, Hegeman RA, et al. Fast and automatic periacetabular osteotomy fragment pose estimation using intraoperatively implanted fiducials and single-view fluoroscopy. Phys Med Biol, 2020, 65(24): 245019. doi: 10.1088/1361-6560/aba089.
54.	Zou Z, Chávez-Arreola A, Mandal P, et al. Optimization of the position of the acetabulum in a ganz periacetabular osteotomy by finite element analysis. J Orthop Res, 2013, 31(3): 472-479.
55.	Langlotz F, Stucki M, Bächler R, et al. The first twelve cases of computer assisted periacetabular osteotomy. Comput Aided Surg, 1997, 2(6): 317-326.
56.	Liu L, Siebenrock K, Nolte LP, et al. Computer-assisted planning, simulation, and navigation system for periacetabular osteotomy. Adv Exp Med Biol, 2018, 1093: 143-155.
57.	Pflugi S, Vasireddy R, Lerch T, et al. Augmented marker tracking for peri-acetabular osteotomy surgery. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg, 2018, 13(2): 291-304.

1. Schmitz MR, Murtha AS, Clohisy JC, et al. Developmental dysplasia of the hip in adolescents and young adults. J Am Acad Orthop Surg, 2020, 28(3): 91-101.
2. Harris MD, Shepherd MC, SONG K, et al. The biomechanical disadvantage of dysplastic hips. J Orthop Res, 2021. doi: 10.1002/jor.25165.
3. Domb BG, Chen SL, Go CC, et al. Predictors of clinical outcomes after hip arthroscopy: 5-year follow-up analysis of 1038 patients. Am J Sports Med, 2021, 49(1): 112-120.
4. Kraeutler MJ, Safran MR, Scillia AJ, et al. A contemporary look at the evaluation and treatment of adult borderline and frank hip dysplasia. Am J Sports Med, 2020, 48(9): 2314-2323.
5. Brusalis CM, Peck J, Wilkin GP, et al. Periacetabular osteotomy as a salvage procedure: Early outcomes in patients treated for iatrogenic hip instability. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2020, 102(Suppl2): 73-79.
6. Ali M, Malviya A. Complications and outcome after periacetabular osteotomy-influence of surgical approach. Hip Int, 2020, 30(1): 4-15.
7. Link TM, Stahl R, Woertler K. Cartilage imaging: motivation, techniques, current and future significance. Eur Radiol, 2007, 17(5): 1135-1146.
8. Crockett R, Grubelnik A, Roos S, et al. Biochemical composition of the superficial layer of articular cartilage. J Biomed Mater Res A, 2007, 82(4): 958-964.
9. Hingsammer AM, Miller PE, Millis MB, et al. Does periacetabular osteotomy have depth-related effects on the articular cartilage of the hip? Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2015, 473(12): 3735-3743.
10. Cunningham T, Jessel R, Zurakowski D, et al. Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage to predict early failure of Bernese periacetabular osteotomy for hip dysplasia. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2006, 88(7): 1540-1548.
11. Jessel RH, Zurakowski D, Zilkens C, et al. Radiographic and patient factors associated with pre-radiographic osteoarthritis in hip dysplasia. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2009, 91(5): 1120-1129.
12. Melkus G, Beaulé PE, Wilkin G, et al. What is the correlation among dGEMRIC, T1ρ, and T2* quantitative MRI cartilage mapping techniques in developmental hip dysplasia? Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2021, 479(5): 1016-1024.
13. Kim SD, Jessel R, Zurakowski D, et al. Anterior delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage values predict joint failure after periacetabular osteotomy. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2012, 470(12): 3332-3341.
14. Fernquest S, Palmer A, Gammer B, et al. Compositional MRI of the hip: Reproducibility, effect of joint unloading, and comparison of T2 relaxometry with delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage. Cartilage, 2021, 12(4): 418-430.
15. Hesper T, Bittersohl B, Schleich C, et al. Automatic cartilage segmentation for delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of hip joint cartilage: A feasibility study. Cartilage, 2020, 11(1): 32-37.
16. Wyatt MC, Beck M. The management of the painful borderline dysplastic hip. J Hip Preserv Surg, 2018, 5(2): 105-112.
17. Murata Y, Fukase N, Dornan G, et al. Arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement in patients with and without borderline developmental dysplasia of the hip: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Orthop J Sports Med, 2021, 9(8): 23259671211015973. doi: 10.1177/23259671211015973.
18. Millis MB, Kim YJ. Rationale of osteotomy and related procedures for hip preservation: a review. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2002, (405): 108-121.
19. Kuroda Y, Saito M, Sunil Kumar KH, et al. Hip arthroscopy and borderline developmental dysplasia of the hip: A systematic review. Arthroscopy, 2020, 36(9): 2550-2567.
20. Wiberg G. Studies on dysplastic acetabula and congenital subluxation of the hip joint with special reference to the complication of osteoarthritis. Acta Chir Scand, 1939, 83(Suppl58): 1-132.
21. Fredensborg N. The CE angle of normal hips. Acta Orthop Scand, 1976, 47(4): 403-405.
22. Garabekyan T, Ashwell Z, Chadayammuri V, et al. Lateral acetabular coverage predicts the size of the hip labrum. Am J Sports Med, 2016, 44(6): 1582-1589.
23. Wyatt M, Weidner J, Pfluger D, et al. The femoro-epiphyseal acetabular roof (FEAR) index: A new measurement associated with instability in borderline hip dysplasia? Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2017, 475(3): 861-869.
24. Wong TY, Jesse MK, Jensen A, et al. Upsloping lateral sourcil: a radiographic finding of hip instability. J Hip Preserv Surg, 2018, 5(4): 435-442.
25. Higashihira S, Kobayashi N, Choe H, et al. Use of a 3D virtually reconstructed patient-specific model to examine the effect of acetabular labral interference on hip range of motion. Orthop J Sports Med, 2020, 8(11): 2325967120964465. doi: 10.1177/2325967120964465.
26. Wilkin GP, Ibrahim MM, Smit KM, et al. A contemporary definition of hip dysplasia and structural instability: Toward a comprehensive classification for acetabular dysplasia. J Arthroplasty, 2017, 32(9S): S20-S27.
27. Nepple JJ, Wells J, Ross JR, et al. Three patterns of acetabular deficiency are common in young adult patients with acetabular dysplasia. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2017, 475(4): 1037-1044.
28. Nepple JJ, Fowler LM, Larson CM. Decision-making in the borderline hip. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev, 2021, 29(1): 15-21.
29. Bartlett JD, Lawrence JE, Khanduja V. Virtual reality hip arthroscopy simulator demonstrates sufficient face validity. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2019, 27(10): 3162-3167.
30. Byrd JW, Jones KS. Hip arthroscopy in the presence of dysplasia. Arthroscopy, 2003, 19(10): 1055-1060.
31. Chaharbakhshi EO, Perets I, Ashberg L, et al. Do ligamentum teres tears portend inferior outcomes in patients with borderline dysplasia undergoing hip arthroscopic surgery? A match-controlled study with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med, 2017, 45(11): 2507-2516.
32. Chandrasekaran S, Darwish N, Martin TJ, et al. Arthroscopic capsular plication and labral seal restoration in borderline hip dysplasia: 2-year clinical outcomes in 55 cases. Arthroscopy, 2017, 33(7): 1332-1340.
33. Yeung M, Kowalczuk M, Simunovic N, et al. Hip arthroscopy in the setting of hip dysplasia: A systematic review. Bone Joint Res, 2016, 5(6): 225-231.
34. Fukui K, Trindade CA, Briggs KK, et al. Arthroscopy of the hip for patients with mild to moderate developmental dysplasia of the hip and femoroacetabular impingement: Outcomes following hip arthroscopy for treatment of chondrolabral damage. Bone Joint J, 2015, 97-B(10): 1316-1321.
35. Ding Z, Sun Y, Liu S, et al. Hip arthroscopic surgery in borderline developmental dysplastic hips: A systematic review. Am J Sports Med, 2019, 47(10): 2494-2500.
36. Swarup I, Zaltz I, Robustelli S, et al. Outcomes of periacetabular osteotomy for borderline hip dysplasia in adolescent patients. J Hip Preserv Surg, 2020, 7(2): 249-255.
37. Benali Y, Katthagen BD. Hip subluxation as a complication of arthroscopic debridement. Arthroscopy, 2009, 25(4): 405-407.
38. McClincy MP, Wylie JD, Kim YJ, et al. Periacetabular osteotomy improves pain and function in patients with lateral center-edge angle between 18° and 25°, but are these hips really borderline dysplastic? Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2019, 477(5): 1145-1153.
39. Livermore AT, Anderson LA, Anderson MB, et al. Correction of mildly dysplastic hips with periacetabular osteotomy demonstrates promising outcomes, achievement of correction goals, and excellent five-year survivorship. Bone Joint J, 2019, 101-B(6_Supple_B): 16-22.
40. Murata Y, Fukase N, Martin M, et al. Comparison between hip arthroscopic surgery and periacetabular osteotomy for the treatment of patients with borderline developmental dysplasia of the hip: A systematic review. Orthop J Sports Med, 2021, 9(5): 23259671211007401. doi: 10.1177/23259671211007401.
41. Ziran N, Varcadipane J, Kadri O, et al. Ten- and 20-year survivorship of the hip after periacetabular osteotomy for acetabular dysplasia. J Am Acad Orthop Surg, 2019, 27(7): 247-255.
42. Ike H, Inaba Y, Kobayashi N, et al. Effects of rotational acetabular osteotomy on the mechanical stress within the hip joint in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip: a subject-specific finite element analysis. Bone Joint J, 2015, 97-B(4): 492-497.
43. Ross JR, Zaltz I, Nepple JJ, et al. Arthroscopic disease classification and interventions as an adjunct in the treatment of acetabular dysplasia. Am J Sports Med, 2011, 39Suppl: 72S-78S.
44. Parvizi J, Bican O, Bender B, et al. Arthroscopy for labral tears in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip: a cautionary note. J Arthroplasty, 2009, 24(6Suppl): 110-113.
45. Thanacharoenpanich S, Boyle MJ, Murphy RF, et al. Periacetabular osteotomy for developmental hip dysplasia with labral tears: is arthrotomy or arthroscopy required? J Hip Preserv Surg, 2018, 5(1): 23-33.
46. Cho YJ, Kim KI, Kwak SJ, et al. Long-term results of periacetabular rotational osteotomy concomitantly with arthroscopy in adult acetabular dysplasia. J Arthroplasty, 2020, 35(10): 2807-2812.
47. Hartig-Andreasen C, Troelsen A, Thillemann TM, et al. Risk factors for the need of hip arthroscopy following periacetabular osteotomy. J Hip Preserv Surg, 2015, 2(4): 374-384.
48. Hanke MS, Lerch TD, Schmaranzer F, et al. Complications of hip preserving surgery. EFORT Open Rev, 2021, 6(6): 472-486.
49. Billings S, Kang HJ, Cheng A, et al. Minimally invasive registration for computer-assisted orthopedic surgery: combining tracked ultrasound and bone surface points via the P-IMLOP algorithm. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg, 2015, 10(6): 761-771.
50. Xuyi W, Jianping P, Junfeng Z, et al. Application of three-dimensional computerised tomography reconstruction and image processing technology in individual operation design of developmental dysplasia of the hip patients. Int Orthop, 2016, 40(2): 255-265.
51. Shelton TJ, Monazzam S, Calafi A, et al. Preoperative 3D modeling and printing for guiding periacetabular osteotomy. J Pediatr Orthop, 2021, 41(3): 149-158.
52. 许固军, 马明阳, 张帅, 等. Mako机器人辅助人工全髋关节置换术在发育性髋关节发育不良中的应用. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2021, 35(10): 1233-1239.
53. Grupp RB, Murphy RJ, Hegeman RA, et al. Fast and automatic periacetabular osteotomy fragment pose estimation using intraoperatively implanted fiducials and single-view fluoroscopy. Phys Med Biol, 2020, 65(24): 245019. doi: 10.1088/1361-6560/aba089.
54. Zou Z, Chávez-Arreola A, Mandal P, et al. Optimization of the position of the acetabulum in a ganz periacetabular osteotomy by finite element analysis. J Orthop Res, 2013, 31(3): 472-479.
55. Langlotz F, Stucki M, Bächler R, et al. The first twelve cases of computer assisted periacetabular osteotomy. Comput Aided Surg, 1997, 2(6): 317-326.
56. Liu L, Siebenrock K, Nolte LP, et al. Computer-assisted planning, simulation, and navigation system for periacetabular osteotomy. Adv Exp Med Biol, 2018, 1093: 143-155.
57. Pflugi S, Vasireddy R, Lerch T, et al. Augmented marker tracking for peri-acetabular osteotomy surgery. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg, 2018, 13(2): 291-304.

Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Recent research progress of hip-preserving treatment for adolescents and adults with developmental dysplasia of the hip

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