Research progress of traumatic heterotopic ossification_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

CAO Guorui ^1,2 ,  PEI Fuxing ²

1. Department of Knee Injury, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Luoyang Henan, 471000, P. R. China;
2. Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

PEI Fuxing, Email: peifuxingwestchina@163.com

Keywords：

Heterotopic ossification; explosion injury; muscle injury; inflammation

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.202110078

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To review and evaluate the research progress of traumatic heterotopic ossification (HO). Methods The domestic and foreign related research literature on traumatic HO was widely consulted, and its etiology, pathogenesis, pathological progress, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment were summarized. Results Traumatic HO is often caused by severe trauma such as joint operation, explosion injury, nerve injury, and burn. At present, it is widely believed that the occurrence of traumatic HO is closely related to inflammation and hypoxia. Oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and surgery are the main methods to prevent and treat traumatic HO. Conclusion Nowadays, the pathogenesis of traumatic HO is still unclear, the efficiency of relevant prevention and treatment measures is low, and there is a lack of specific treatment method. In the future, it is necessary to further study the pathogenesis of traumatic HO and find specific prevention and treatment targets.

Citation： CAO Guorui, PEI Fuxing. Research progress of traumatic heterotopic ossification. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2022, 36(3): 386-394. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.202110078 Copy

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1. Kassem MS, Elsayed MA. Total hip replacements following acetabular fractures. 7 to 15 years clinical and radiological results. Acta Orthop Belg, 2021, 87(3): 419-426.
2. Kazezian Z, Yu X, Ramette M, et al. Development of a rodent high-energy blast injury model for investigating conditions associated with traumatic amputations. Bone Joint Res, 2021, 10(3): 166-172.
3. Shaath MK, Lim PK, Andrews R, et al. Clinical results of acetabular fracture fixation using a focal Kocher-Langenbeck approach without a specialty traction table. J Orthop Trauma, 2020, 34(6): 316-320.
4. Forsberg JA, Pepek JM, Wagner S, et al. Heterotopic ossification in high-energy wartime extremity injuries: prevalence and risk factors. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2009, 91(5): 1084-1091.
5. Forsberg JA, Potter BK. Heterotopic ossification in wartime wounds. J Surg Orthop Adv, Spring 2010, 19(1): 54-61.
6. Beckmann JT, Wylie JD, Kapron AL, et al. The effect of NSAID prophylaxis and operative variables on heterotopic ossification after hip arthroscopy. Am J Sports Med, 2014, 42(6): 1359-1364.
7. Matsumoto ME, Khan M, Jayabalan P, et al. Heterotopic ossification in civilians with lower limb amputations. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 2014, 95(9): 1710-1713.
8. Jaffin JH, McKinney L, Kinney RC, et al. A laboratory model for studying blast overpressure injury. J Trauma, 1987, 27(4): 349-356.
9. Spear AM, Davies EM, Taylor C, et al. Blast wave exposure to the extremities causes endothelial activation and damage. Shock, 2015, 44(5): 470-478.
10. Polfer EM, Hope DN, Elster EA, et al. The development of a rat model to investigate the formation of blast-related post-traumatic heterotopic ossification. Bone Joint J, 2015, 97-B(4): 572-576.
11. Jaffe DE, Yoo D, Blevins J, et al. Does blast medium affect heterotopic ossification in a blast-amputation model? Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2015, 473(8): 2680-2687.
12. Sagi HC, Jordan CJ, Barei DP, et al. Indomethacin prophylaxis for heterotopic ossification after acetabular fracture surgery increases the risk for nonunion of the posterior wall. J Orthop Trauma, 2014, 28(7): 377-383.
13. Cheung EV, Sarkissian EJ. Complications of elbow trauma. Hand Clin, 2015, 31(4): 683-691.
14. Guo JJ, Tang N, Yang HL, et al. Impact of surgical approach on postoperative heterotopic ossification and avascular necrosis in femoral head fractures: a systematic review. Int Orthop, 2010, 34(3): 319-322.
15. Newman EA, Holst DC, Bracey DN, et al. Incidence of heterotopic ossification in direct anterior vs posterior approach to total hip arthroplasty: a retrospective radiographic review. Int Orthop, 2016, 40(9): 1967-1973.
16. Anthonissen J, Ossendorf C, Hock JL, et al. The role of muscular trauma in the development of heterotopic ossification after hip surgery: An animal-model study in rats. Injury, 2016, 47(3): 613-616.
17. Li L, Jiang Y, Lin H, et al. Muscle injury promotes heterotopic ossification by stimulating local bone morphogenetic protein-7 production. J Orthop Translat, 2019, 18: 142-153.
18. Estraneo A, Pascarella A, Masotta O, et al. Multi-center observational study on occurrence and related clinical factors of neurogenic heterotopic ossification in patients with disorders of consciousness. Brain Inj, 2021, 35(5): 530-535.
19. Dizdar D, Tiftik T, Kara M, et al. Risk factors for developing heterotopic ossification in patients with traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj, 2013, 27(7-8): 807-811.
20. Hurvitz EA, Mandac BR, Davidoff G, et al. Risk factors for heterotopic ossification in children and adolescents with severe traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 1992, 73(5): 459-462.
21. Debaud C, Salga M, Begot L, et al. Peripheral denervation participates in heterotopic ossification in a spinal cord injury model. PLoS One, 2017, 12(8): e0182454. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182454.
22. Flierl MA, Stahel PF, Beauchamp KM, et al. Mouse closed head injury model induced by a weight-drop device. Nat Protoc, 2009, 4(9): 1328-1337.
23. Medina A, Shankowsky H, Savaryn B, et al. Characterization of heterotopic ossification in burn patients. J Burn Care Res, 2014, 35(3): 251-256.
24. Peterson JR, De La Rosa S, Sun H, et al. Burn injury enhances bone formation in heterotopic ossification model. Ann Surg, 2014, 259(5): 993-998.
25. Hu X, Sun Z, Li F, et al. Burn-induced heterotopic ossification from incidence to therapy: key signaling pathways underlying ectopic bone formation. Cell Mol Biol Lett, 2021, 26(1): 34. doi: 10.1186/s11658-021-00277-6.
26. Evans KN, Forsberg JA, Potter BK, et al. Inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression is associated with heterotopic ossification in high-energy penetrating war injuries. J Orthop Trauma, 2012, 26(11): e204-e213.
27. Forsberg JA, Potter BK, Polfer EM, et al. Do inflammatory markers portend heterotopic ossification and wound failure in combat wounds? Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2014, 472(9): 2845-2854.
28. Kaplan FS, Glaser DL, Hebela N, et al. Heterotopic ossification. J Am Acad Orthop Surg, 2004, 12(2): 116-125.
29. Sung Hsieh HH, Chung MT, Allen RM, et al. Evaluation of salivary cytokines for diagnosis of both trauma-induced and genetic heterotopic ossification. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2017, 8: 74. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00074.
30. Peterson JR, De La Rosa S, Eboda O, et al. Treatment of heterotopic ossification through remote ATP hydrolysis. Sci Transl Med, 2014, 6(255): 255ra132. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3008810.
31. Qureshi AT, Dey D, Sanders EM, et al. Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling with rapamycin prevents trauma-induced heterotopic ossification. Am J Pathol, 2017, 187(11): 2536-2545.
32. Franken L, Schiwon M, Kurts C. Macrophages: sentinels and regulators of the immune system. Cell Microbiol, 2016, 18(4): 475-487.
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