Research progress of bone graft resorption after Latarjet procedure for treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

QIN Qihuang ,  JIANG Chunyan

Department of Sports Medicine, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Peking University Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100035, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

JIANG Chunyan, Email: chunyanj@hotmail.com

Keywords：

Recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation; coracoid transfer procedure; Latarjet procedure; bone graft resorption; complication

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.202301051

Video：

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Objective To review the research progress of bone graft resorption after Latarjet procedure for the treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation, and provide a guide for further research on bone graft resorption. Methods The relevant literature in recent years was extensively reviewed. The pathogenesis, classification, risk factors, clinical function impact, and management of bone graft resorption after Latarjet procedure for the treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation were summarized. Results Bone graft resorption is the common complication after Latarjet procedure for the treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation. Stress shielding and poor blood supply may contribute to the occurrence of bone graft resorption. The absence of significant preoperative glenoid bone loss, open procedure, earlier graft healing may to be the risk factors for bone graft resorption. Various assessment methods and classification systems are used to evaluate the region and severity of bone graft resorption. Partial resorption may be considered as a natural glenoid remodeling process after the surgery, but severe and complete resorption is proved to be one of the reasons for failed procedures and there is no effective measure to prevent it, except for accepting revision surgery. Conclusion The pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical function impact of bone graft resorption after Latarjet procedure for the treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation has not been fully elucidated and there is a lack of effective management strategies, so further clinical and basic researches are needed.

Citation： QIN Qihuang, JIANG Chunyan. Research progress of bone graft resorption after Latarjet procedure for treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2023, 37(5): 526-532. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.202301051 Copy

1.	Dugas JR, Crozier MW. Traumatic anterior instability: Treatment options for initial instability. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev, 2018, 26(3): 95-101.
2.	Leroux T, Ogilvie-Harris D, Veillette C, et al. The epidemiology of primary anterior shoulder dislocations in patients aged 10 to 16 years. Am J Sports Med, 2015, 43(9): 2111-2117.
3.	Olds M, Ellis R, Parmar P, et al. The immediate and subsequent impact of a first-time traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation in people aged 16-40: Results from a national cohort study. Shoulder Elbow, 2021, 13(2): 223-232.
4.	Roberts SB, Beattie N, McNiven ND, et al. The natural history of primary anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint in adolescence. Bone Joint J, 2015, 97-B(4): 520-526.
5.	Bottoni CR, Wilckens JH, DeBerardino TM, et al. A prospective, randomized evaluation of arthroscopic stabilization versus nonoperative treatment in patients with acute, traumatic, first-time shoulder dislocations. Am J Sports Med, 2002, 30(4): 576-580.
6.	Jakobsen BW, Johannsen HV, Suder P, et al. Primary repair versus conservative treatment of first-time traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder: a randomized study with 10-year follow-up. Arthroscopy, 2007, 23(2): 118-123.
7.	Hurley ET, Jamal MS, Ali ZS, et al. Long-term outcomes of the Latarjet procedure for anterior shoulder instability: a systematic review of studies at 10-year follow-up. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2019, 28(2): e33-e39.
8.	Chillemi C, Guerrisi M, Paglialunga C, et al. Latarjet procedure for anterior shoulder instability: a 24-year follow-up study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 2021, 141(2): 189-196.
9.	Giles JW, Degen RM, Johnson JA, et al. The Bristow and Latarjet procedures: why these techniques should not be considered synonymous. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2014, 96(16): 1340-1348.
10.	Tanaka M, Hanai H, Kotani Y, et al. Open bristow versus open latarjet for anterior shoulder instability in rugby players: Radiological and clinical outcomes. Orthop J Sports Med, 2022, 10(5): 23259671221095094. doi: 10.1177/23259671221095094.
11.	Griesser MJ, Harris JD, McCoy BW, et al. Complications and re-operations after Bristow-Latarjet shoulder stabilization: a systematic review. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2013, 22(2): 286-292.
12.	Longo UG, Loppini M, Rizzello G, et al. Latarjet, Bristow, and Eden-Hybinette procedures for anterior shoulder dislocation: systematic review and quantitative synthesis of the literature. Arthroscopy, 2014, 30(9): 1184-1211.
13.	Butt U, Charalambous CP. Complications associated with open coracoid transfer procedures for shoulder instability. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2012, 21(8): 1110-1119.
14.	Hendy BA, Padegimas EM, Kane L, et al. Early postoperative complications after Latarjet procedure: a single-institution experience over 10 years. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2021, 30(6): e300-e308.
15.	Kordasiewicz B, Małachowski K, Kiciński M, et al. Intraoperative graft-related complications are a risk factor for recurrence in arthroscopic Latarjet stabilisation. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2019, 27(10): 3230-3239.
16.	Cohen M, Zaluski AD, Siqueira GSL, et al. Risk factors for coracoid graft osteolysis after the open latarjet procedure. Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo), 2020, 55(5): 585-590.
17.	Kee YM, Kim JY, Kim HJ, et al. Fate of coracoid grafts after the Latarjet procedure: will be analogous to the original glenoid by remodelling. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2018, 26(3): 926-932.
18.	Kordasiewicz B, Kicinski M, Małachowski K, et al. Comparative study of open and arthroscopic coracoid transfer for shoulder anterior instability (Latarjet)-computed tomography evaluation at a short term follow-up. Part Ⅱ. Int Orthop, 2018, 42(5): 1119-1128.
19.	Zhu YM, Jiang CY, Lu Y, et al. Coracoid bone graft resorption after Latarjet procedure is underestimated: a new classification system and a clinical review with computed tomography evaluation. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2015, 24(11): 1782-1788.
20.	Di Giacomo G, Costantini A, de Gasperis N, et al. Coracoid graft osteolysis after the Latarjet procedure for anteroinferior shoulder instability: a computed tomography scan study of twenty-six patients. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2011, 20(6): 989-995.
21.	Deng Z, Liang D, Zhu W, et al. A pilot study of blood supply of the coracoid process and the coracoid bone graft after Latarjet osteotomy. Biosci Rep, 2019, 39(11): BSR20190929. doi: 10.1042/BSR20190929.
22.	Sano H, Komatsuda T, Abe H, et al. Proximal-medial part in the coracoid graft demonstrates the most evident stress shielding following the Latarjet procedure: a simulation study using the 3-dimensional finite element method. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2020, 29(12): 2632-2639.
23.	Dalmas Y, Thélu CE, Laumonerie P, et al. Arthroscopic double-button Latarjet osteolysis and remodeling at 1-year follow-up. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2022, 31(12): e603-e612.
24.	Haeni DL, Opsomer G, Sood A, et al. Three-dimensional volume measurement of coracoid graft osteolysis after arthroscopic Latarjet procedure. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2017, 26(3): 484-489.
25.	Lo IK, Burkhart SS, Parten PM. Surgery about the coracoid: neurovascular structures at risk. Arthroscopy, 2004, 20(6): 591-595.
26.	Khundkar R, Giele H. The coracoid process is supplied by a direct branch of the 2nd part of the axillary artery permitting use of the coracoid as a vascularised bone flap, and improving it’s viability in Latarjet or Bristow procedures. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg, 2019, 72(4): 609-615.
27.	Hamel A, Hamel O, Ploteau S, et al. The arterial supply of the coracoid process. Surg Radiol Anat, 2012, 34(7): 599-607.
28.	Métais P. Failure of coracoid bone-block. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res, 2021, 107(1S): 102782. doi: 10.1016/j.otsr.2020.102782.
29.	Unsal SS, Yildirim T, Kayalar M. Comparison of two coracoid process transfer techniques on stress shielding using three-dimensional finite-element model. J Orthop Surg Res, 2022, 17(1): 371. doi: 10.1186/s13018-022-03264-5.
30.	Sano H, Komatsuda T, Abe H, et al. Intra-articular biomechanical environment following modified Bristow and Latarjet procedures in shoulders with large glenoid defects: relationship with postoperative complications. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2021, 30(10): 2260-2269.
31.	Prendergast PJ, Huiskes R. The biomechanics of Wolff’s law: recent advances. Ir J Med Sci, 1995, 164(2): 152-154.
32.	Firoozbakhsh K, Cowin SC. An analytical model of Pauwels’ functional adaptation mechanism in bone. J Biomech Eng, 1981, 103(4): 246-252.
33.	Boileau P, Thélu CÉ, Mercier N, et al. Arthroscopic Bristow-Latarjet combined with bankart repair restores shoulder stability in patients with glenoid bone loss. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2014, 472(8): 2413-2424.
34.	Alp NB, Doğan O, Yılmaz TG, et al. Understanding the causes behind coracoid graft osteolysıs in latarjet procedure (finite element analysis and comparison of three fixation methods). Orthop Traumatol Surg Res, 2020, 106(1): 53-59.
35.	Giacomo GD, Costantini A, de Gasperis N, et al. Coracoid bone graft osteolysis after Latarjet procedure: A comparison study between two screws standard technique vs mini-plate fixation. Int J Shoulder Surg, 2013, 7(1): 1-6.
36.	Balestro JC, Young A, Maccioni C, et al. Graft osteolysis and recurrent instability after the Latarjet procedure performed with bioabsorbable screw fixation. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2015, 24(5): 711-718.
37.	Xu J, Liu H, Lu W, et al. Modified arthroscopic Latarjet procedure: Suture-button fixation achieves excellent remodeling at 3-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med, 2020, 48(1): 39-47.
38.	Zhu Y, Jiang C, Song G. Arthroscopic versus open latarjet in the treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation with marked glenoid bone loss: A prospective comparative study. Am J Sports Med, 2017, 45(7): 1645-1653.
39.	Sahu D, Shah D, Shetty G. Coracoid graft resorption after the Latarjet procedure does not depend on the preoperative glenoid defect. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2023, 32(3): e94-e105.
40.	Di Giacomo G, de Gasperis N, Costantini A, et al. Does the presence of glenoid bone loss influence coracoid bone graft osteolysis after the Latarjet procedure? A computed tomography scan study in 2 groups of patients with and without glenoid bone loss. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2014, 23(4): 514-518.
41.	Ali J, Altintas B, Pulatkan A, et al. Open versus arthroscopic latarjet procedure for the treatment of chronic anterior glenohumeral instability with glenoid bone loss. Arthroscopy, 2020, 36(4): 940-949.
42.	Provencher MT, Peebles LA, Aman ZS, et al. Management of the failed latarjet procedure: Outcomes of revision surgery with fresh distal tibial allograft. Am J Sports Med, 2019, 47(12): 2795-2802.
43.	Allain J, Goutallier D, Glorion C. Long-term results of the Latarjet procedure for the treatment of anterior instability of the shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 1998, 80(6): 841-852.
44.	Cassagnaud X, Maynou C, Mestdagh H. Clinical and computed tomography results of 106 Latarjet-Patte procedures at mean 7.5 year follow-up. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot, 2003, 89(8): 683-692.
45.	Lunn JV, Castellano-Rosa J, Walch G. Recurrent anterior dislocation after the Latarjet procedure: outcome after revision using a modified Eden-Hybinette operation. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2008, 17(5): 744-750.
46.	Lafosse L, Boyle S. Arthroscopic Latarjet procedure. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2010, 19(2 Suppl): 2-12.
47.	Lafosse T, Amsallem L, Delgrande D, et al. Arthroscopic screw removal after arthroscopic Latarjet procedure. Arthrosc Tech, 2017, 6(3): e559-e566.
48.	Willemot L, De Boey S, Van Tongel A, et al. Analysis of failures after the Bristow-Latarjet procedure for recurrent shoulder instability. Int Orthop, 2019, 43(8): 1899-1907.
49.	Chaudhary D, Goyal A, Joshi D, et al. Clinical and radiological outcome after mini-open Latarjet technique with fixation of coracoid with Arthrex wedge mini-plate. J Clin Orthop Trauma, 2016, 7(1): 23-29.

1. Dugas JR, Crozier MW. Traumatic anterior instability: Treatment options for initial instability. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev, 2018, 26(3): 95-101.
2. Leroux T, Ogilvie-Harris D, Veillette C, et al. The epidemiology of primary anterior shoulder dislocations in patients aged 10 to 16 years. Am J Sports Med, 2015, 43(9): 2111-2117.
3. Olds M, Ellis R, Parmar P, et al. The immediate and subsequent impact of a first-time traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation in people aged 16-40: Results from a national cohort study. Shoulder Elbow, 2021, 13(2): 223-232.
4. Roberts SB, Beattie N, McNiven ND, et al. The natural history of primary anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint in adolescence. Bone Joint J, 2015, 97-B(4): 520-526.
5. Bottoni CR, Wilckens JH, DeBerardino TM, et al. A prospective, randomized evaluation of arthroscopic stabilization versus nonoperative treatment in patients with acute, traumatic, first-time shoulder dislocations. Am J Sports Med, 2002, 30(4): 576-580.
6. Jakobsen BW, Johannsen HV, Suder P, et al. Primary repair versus conservative treatment of first-time traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder: a randomized study with 10-year follow-up. Arthroscopy, 2007, 23(2): 118-123.
7. Hurley ET, Jamal MS, Ali ZS, et al. Long-term outcomes of the Latarjet procedure for anterior shoulder instability: a systematic review of studies at 10-year follow-up. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2019, 28(2): e33-e39.
8. Chillemi C, Guerrisi M, Paglialunga C, et al. Latarjet procedure for anterior shoulder instability: a 24-year follow-up study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 2021, 141(2): 189-196.
9. Giles JW, Degen RM, Johnson JA, et al. The Bristow and Latarjet procedures: why these techniques should not be considered synonymous. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2014, 96(16): 1340-1348.
10. Tanaka M, Hanai H, Kotani Y, et al. Open bristow versus open latarjet for anterior shoulder instability in rugby players: Radiological and clinical outcomes. Orthop J Sports Med, 2022, 10(5): 23259671221095094. doi: 10.1177/23259671221095094.
11. Griesser MJ, Harris JD, McCoy BW, et al. Complications and re-operations after Bristow-Latarjet shoulder stabilization: a systematic review. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2013, 22(2): 286-292.
12. Longo UG, Loppini M, Rizzello G, et al. Latarjet, Bristow, and Eden-Hybinette procedures for anterior shoulder dislocation: systematic review and quantitative synthesis of the literature. Arthroscopy, 2014, 30(9): 1184-1211.
13. Butt U, Charalambous CP. Complications associated with open coracoid transfer procedures for shoulder instability. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2012, 21(8): 1110-1119.
14. Hendy BA, Padegimas EM, Kane L, et al. Early postoperative complications after Latarjet procedure: a single-institution experience over 10 years. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2021, 30(6): e300-e308.
15. Kordasiewicz B, Małachowski K, Kiciński M, et al. Intraoperative graft-related complications are a risk factor for recurrence in arthroscopic Latarjet stabilisation. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2019, 27(10): 3230-3239.
16. Cohen M, Zaluski AD, Siqueira GSL, et al. Risk factors for coracoid graft osteolysis after the open latarjet procedure. Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo), 2020, 55(5): 585-590.
17. Kee YM, Kim JY, Kim HJ, et al. Fate of coracoid grafts after the Latarjet procedure: will be analogous to the original glenoid by remodelling. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2018, 26(3): 926-932.
18. Kordasiewicz B, Kicinski M, Małachowski K, et al. Comparative study of open and arthroscopic coracoid transfer for shoulder anterior instability (Latarjet)-computed tomography evaluation at a short term follow-up. Part Ⅱ. Int Orthop, 2018, 42(5): 1119-1128.
19. Zhu YM, Jiang CY, Lu Y, et al. Coracoid bone graft resorption after Latarjet procedure is underestimated: a new classification system and a clinical review with computed tomography evaluation. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2015, 24(11): 1782-1788.
20. Di Giacomo G, Costantini A, de Gasperis N, et al. Coracoid graft osteolysis after the Latarjet procedure for anteroinferior shoulder instability: a computed tomography scan study of twenty-six patients. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2011, 20(6): 989-995.
21. Deng Z, Liang D, Zhu W, et al. A pilot study of blood supply of the coracoid process and the coracoid bone graft after Latarjet osteotomy. Biosci Rep, 2019, 39(11): BSR20190929. doi: 10.1042/BSR20190929.
22. Sano H, Komatsuda T, Abe H, et al. Proximal-medial part in the coracoid graft demonstrates the most evident stress shielding following the Latarjet procedure: a simulation study using the 3-dimensional finite element method. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2020, 29(12): 2632-2639.
23. Dalmas Y, Thélu CE, Laumonerie P, et al. Arthroscopic double-button Latarjet osteolysis and remodeling at 1-year follow-up. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2022, 31(12): e603-e612.
24. Haeni DL, Opsomer G, Sood A, et al. Three-dimensional volume measurement of coracoid graft osteolysis after arthroscopic Latarjet procedure. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2017, 26(3): 484-489.
25. Lo IK, Burkhart SS, Parten PM. Surgery about the coracoid: neurovascular structures at risk. Arthroscopy, 2004, 20(6): 591-595.
26. Khundkar R, Giele H. The coracoid process is supplied by a direct branch of the 2nd part of the axillary artery permitting use of the coracoid as a vascularised bone flap, and improving it’s viability in Latarjet or Bristow procedures. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg, 2019, 72(4): 609-615.
27. Hamel A, Hamel O, Ploteau S, et al. The arterial supply of the coracoid process. Surg Radiol Anat, 2012, 34(7): 599-607.
28. Métais P. Failure of coracoid bone-block. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res, 2021, 107(1S): 102782. doi: 10.1016/j.otsr.2020.102782.
29. Unsal SS, Yildirim T, Kayalar M. Comparison of two coracoid process transfer techniques on stress shielding using three-dimensional finite-element model. J Orthop Surg Res, 2022, 17(1): 371. doi: 10.1186/s13018-022-03264-5.
30. Sano H, Komatsuda T, Abe H, et al. Intra-articular biomechanical environment following modified Bristow and Latarjet procedures in shoulders with large glenoid defects: relationship with postoperative complications. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2021, 30(10): 2260-2269.
31. Prendergast PJ, Huiskes R. The biomechanics of Wolff’s law: recent advances. Ir J Med Sci, 1995, 164(2): 152-154.
32. Firoozbakhsh K, Cowin SC. An analytical model of Pauwels’ functional adaptation mechanism in bone. J Biomech Eng, 1981, 103(4): 246-252.
33. Boileau P, Thélu CÉ, Mercier N, et al. Arthroscopic Bristow-Latarjet combined with bankart repair restores shoulder stability in patients with glenoid bone loss. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2014, 472(8): 2413-2424.
34. Alp NB, Doğan O, Yılmaz TG, et al. Understanding the causes behind coracoid graft osteolysıs in latarjet procedure (finite element analysis and comparison of three fixation methods). Orthop Traumatol Surg Res, 2020, 106(1): 53-59.
35. Giacomo GD, Costantini A, de Gasperis N, et al. Coracoid bone graft osteolysis after Latarjet procedure: A comparison study between two screws standard technique vs mini-plate fixation. Int J Shoulder Surg, 2013, 7(1): 1-6.
36. Balestro JC, Young A, Maccioni C, et al. Graft osteolysis and recurrent instability after the Latarjet procedure performed with bioabsorbable screw fixation. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2015, 24(5): 711-718.
37. Xu J, Liu H, Lu W, et al. Modified arthroscopic Latarjet procedure: Suture-button fixation achieves excellent remodeling at 3-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med, 2020, 48(1): 39-47.
38. Zhu Y, Jiang C, Song G. Arthroscopic versus open latarjet in the treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation with marked glenoid bone loss: A prospective comparative study. Am J Sports Med, 2017, 45(7): 1645-1653.
39. Sahu D, Shah D, Shetty G. Coracoid graft resorption after the Latarjet procedure does not depend on the preoperative glenoid defect. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2023, 32(3): e94-e105.
40. Di Giacomo G, de Gasperis N, Costantini A, et al. Does the presence of glenoid bone loss influence coracoid bone graft osteolysis after the Latarjet procedure? A computed tomography scan study in 2 groups of patients with and without glenoid bone loss. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2014, 23(4): 514-518.
41. Ali J, Altintas B, Pulatkan A, et al. Open versus arthroscopic latarjet procedure for the treatment of chronic anterior glenohumeral instability with glenoid bone loss. Arthroscopy, 2020, 36(4): 940-949.
42. Provencher MT, Peebles LA, Aman ZS, et al. Management of the failed latarjet procedure: Outcomes of revision surgery with fresh distal tibial allograft. Am J Sports Med, 2019, 47(12): 2795-2802.
43. Allain J, Goutallier D, Glorion C. Long-term results of the Latarjet procedure for the treatment of anterior instability of the shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 1998, 80(6): 841-852.
44. Cassagnaud X, Maynou C, Mestdagh H. Clinical and computed tomography results of 106 Latarjet-Patte procedures at mean 7.5 year follow-up. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot, 2003, 89(8): 683-692.
45. Lunn JV, Castellano-Rosa J, Walch G. Recurrent anterior dislocation after the Latarjet procedure: outcome after revision using a modified Eden-Hybinette operation. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2008, 17(5): 744-750.
46. Lafosse L, Boyle S. Arthroscopic Latarjet procedure. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2010, 19(2 Suppl): 2-12.
47. Lafosse T, Amsallem L, Delgrande D, et al. Arthroscopic screw removal after arthroscopic Latarjet procedure. Arthrosc Tech, 2017, 6(3): e559-e566.
48. Willemot L, De Boey S, Van Tongel A, et al. Analysis of failures after the Bristow-Latarjet procedure for recurrent shoulder instability. Int Orthop, 2019, 43(8): 1899-1907.
49. Chaudhary D, Goyal A, Joshi D, et al. Clinical and radiological outcome after mini-open Latarjet technique with fixation of coracoid with Arthrex wedge mini-plate. J Clin Orthop Trauma, 2016, 7(1): 23-29.

Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Research progress of bone graft resorption after Latarjet procedure for treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation

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