Research progress of silk-based biomaterials for peripheral nerve regeneration_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

WU Junfeng ¹ ,  KONG Xiangdong ¹ ,  LÜ Qiang ²

1. Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou Zhejiang, 310018, P. R. China;
2. Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

KONG Xiangdong, Email: kongxd@zstu.edu.cn; LÜ Qiang, Email: Lvqiang78@suda.edu.cn

Keywords：

Silk; nerve conduits; peripheral nerve; tissue engineering; nerve growth factor

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.202402071

Video：

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Objective To describe the research progress of silk-based biomaterials in peripheral nerve repair and provide useful ideals to accelerate the regeneration of large-size peripheral nerve injury. Methods The relative documents about silk-based biomaterials used in peripheral nerve regeneration were reviewed and the different strategies that could accelerate peripheral nerve regeneration through building bioactive microenvironment with silk fibroin were discussed. Results Many silk fibroin tissue engineered nerve conduits have been developed to provide multiple biomimetic microstructures, and different microstructures have different mechanisms of promoting nerve repair. Biomimetic porous structures favor the nutrient exchange at wound sites and inhibit the invasion of scar tissue. The aligned structures can induce the directional growth of nerve tissue, while the multiple channels promote the axon elongation. When the fillers are introduced to the conduits, better growth, migration, and differentiation of nerve cells can be achieved. Besides biomimetic structures, different nerve growth factors and bioactive drugs can be loaded on silk carriers and released slowly at nerve wounds, providing suitable biochemical cues. Both the biomimetic structures and the loaded bioactive ingredients optimize the niches of peripheral nerves, resulting in quicker and better nerve repair. With silk biomaterials as a platform, fusing multiple ways to achieve the multidimensional regulation of nerve microenvironments is becoming a critical strategy in repairing large-size peripheral nerve injury. Conclusion Silk-based biomaterials are useful platforms to achieve the design of biomimetic hierarchical microstructures and the co-loading of various bioactive ingredients. Silk fibroin nerve conduits provide suitable microenvironment to accelerate functional recovery of peripheral nerves. Different optimizing strategies are available for silk fibroin biomaterials to favor the nerve regeneration, which would satisfy the needs of various nerve tissue repair. Bioactive silk conduits have promising future in large-size peripheral nerve regeneration.

Citation： WU Junfeng, KONG Xiangdong, LÜ Qiang. Research progress of silk-based biomaterials for peripheral nerve regeneration. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2024, 38(9): 1149-1156. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.202402071 Copy

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1. 刘彤, 闫晓静, 陈超. 丝素蛋白纳米纤维的研究进展. 纺织报告, 2022, 41(10): 22-24.
2. 邵正中, 舒雄, 管娟. 丝蛋白应用于骨软骨损伤修复的研究进展与展望. 骨科临床与研究杂志, 2023, 8(5): 306-309.
3. 王波, 刘滨璐, 苏卫东, 等. 丝素蛋白基组织工程支架材料的研究进展. 上海纺织科技, 2023, 51(12): 1-6, 56.
4. Sarker MD, Naghieh S, McInnes AD, et al. Regeneration of peripheral nerves by nerve guidance conduits: Influence of design, biopolymers, cells, growth factors, and physical stimuli. Prog Neurobiol, 2018, 171: 125-150.
5. Noble J, Munro CA, Prasad VS, et al. Analysis of upper and lower extremity peripheral nerve injuries in a population of patients with multiple injuries. J Trauma, 1998, 45(1): 116-122.
6. Junggeon P, Jin J, Byongyeon K, et al. Electrically conductive hydrogel nerve guidance conduits for peripheral nerve regeneration. Advanced Functional Materials, 2020, 30(39): 2003759.1-2003759.14.
7. Li R, Liu Z, Pan Y, et al. Peripheral nerve injuries treatment: a systematic review. Cell Biochem Biophys, 2014, 68(3): 449-454.
8. Yi S, Xu L, Gu X. Scaffolds for peripheral nerve repair and reconstruction. Exp Neurol, 2019, 319: 112761. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.05.016.
9. 刘晓琳, 王金武, 戴尅戎, 等. 神经肌肉电刺激治疗周围神经损伤的研究进展. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2010, 24(5): 622-627.
10. Zhang J, Liu D, Zhou G, et al. Application of nanomaterials in tissue engineering. Progress in Chemistry, 2010, 22(11): 2232-2237.
11. Deumens R, Bozkurt A, Meek MF, et al. Repairing injured peripheral nerves: Bridging the gap. Prog Neurobiol, 2010, 92(3): 245-276.
12. Ray WZ, Mackinnon SE. Management of nerve gaps: autografts, allografts, nerve transfers, and end-to-side neurorrhaphy. Exp Neurol, 2010, 223(1): 77-85.
13. Boecker A, Daeschler SC, Kneser U, et al. Relevance and recent developments of chitosan in peripheral nerve surgery. Front Cell Neurosci, 2019, 13: 104. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00104.
14. Johnson EO, Soucacos PN. Nerve repair: Experimental and clinical evaluation of biodegradable artificial nerve guides. Injury, 2008, 39: S30-S36.
15. Farokhi M, Mottaghitalab F, Shokrgozar MA, et al. Prospects of peripheral nerve tissue engineering using nerve guide conduits based on silk fibroin protein and other biopolymers. International Materials Reviews, 2017, 62(7): 367-391.
16. di Summa PG, Kingham PJ, Campisi CC, et al. Collagen (NeuraGen^®) nerve conduits and stem cells for peripheral nerve gap repair. Neurosci Lett, 2014, 572: 26-31.
17. Inada Y, Hosoi H, Yamashita A, et al. Regeneration of peripheral motor nerve gaps with a polyglycolic acid-collagen tube: technical case report. Neurosurgery, 2007, 61(5): E1105-E1107.
18. Zhao Y, Liu J, Gao Y, et al. Conductive biocomposite hydrogels with multiple biophysical cues regulate schwann cell behaviors. J Mater Chem B, 2022, 10(10): 1582-1590.
19. Xu H, Holzwarth JM, Yan Y, et al. Conductive PPY/PDLLA conduit for peripheral nerve regeneration. Biomaterials, 2014, 35(1): 225-235.
20. Sun B, Zhou Z, Li D, et al. Polypyrrole-coated poly (L-lactic acid-co-ε-caprolactone)/silk fibroin nanofibrous nerve guidance conduit induced nerve regeneration in rat. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2019, 94: 190-199.
21. Stoppel WL, Ghezzi CE, McNamara SL, et al. Clinical applications of naturally derived biopolymer-based scaffolds for regenerative medicine. Ann Biomed Eng, 2015, 43(3): 657-680.
22. Dalamagkas K, Tsintou M, Seifalian A. Advances in peripheral nervous system regenerative therapeutic strategies: A biomaterials approach. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2016, 65: 425-332.
23. 刘勇, 侯春林, 林浩东, 等. 几丁糖/聚乙烯醇神经导管修复猕猴周围神经缺损的实验研究. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2016, 25(10): 1235-1238.
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