Te Progress of the Pulmonary Artiral Hypertension Treatment_Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Authors：

Zhangguo-fu ,  Liuhong-yu

Department of Cardiovascular Surgical, Te First Afliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Haerbin 150001 P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

Liuhong-yu, Email: 13633610175@163.com

Keywords：

Pulmonary hypertension; Pulmonary arterial hypertension; Treatment; Cell proliferation and apoptosis

DOI：

10.7507/1007-4848.20150287

Video：

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Pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH) is a kind of pulmonary hypertension disease. Recently, the researches of its pathogenesis have reached more and more deeply. The treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension is individual and systematic, not only relying on medicine treatment. The treatment of PAH is as follows: common treatment, non-specific medicine treatment, targeted medicine treatment, NO breath-in treatment, gene treatment, intervention and surgery treatment.The article reviews the main treatment of pulmanory arteral hypertesion to provide new thought and evidence in clinic.

Citation： Zhangguo-fu, Liuhong-yu. Te Progress of the Pulmonary Artiral Hypertension Treatment. Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2015, 22(12): 1157-1162. doi: 10.7507/1007-4848.20150287 Copy

1.	Gaine S, Gibbs JS, Gomez-Sanchez MA, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Eur Heart J, 2009, 34(6):1219-1263.
2.	Galiè N, Ghofrani AH. New horizons in pulmonary arterial hypertension therapies. Eur Respir Rev, 2013, 22(130):503-514.
3.	Sitbon O, Humbert M, Simonneau G, et al. Primary pulmonary hypertension:Currenttherapy. Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 2002, 45(2):115-128.
4.	Humbert M, Sitbon O, Chaouat A, et al. Survival in patients with idiopathic, familial, and anorexigen-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension in the modern management era. Circulation, 2010, 122(2):156-163.
5.	Rich S, Kaufmann E, Levy PS. The effect of high doses of calcium channel blockers on survival in primary pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med, 1992, 327(2):76-81.
6.	Rich S, Seidlitz M, Dodin E, et al. The short-term effects of digoxin in patients with right ventricular dysfunction from pulmonary hypertension. Chest, 1998, 114(3):787-792.
7.	Sitbon O, Morrell N. Pathways in pulmonary arterial hypertension:the future is here. Eur Respir Rev, 2012, 21(126):321-327.
8.	Rubin LJ, Mendoza J, Hood M, et al. Treatment of primary pulmonaryhypertension with continuous intravenous prostacyclin. Results of a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med, 1990, 112(7):485-491.
9.	O'Callaghan DS, Savale L, Montani D, et al. Treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension with targeted therapies. Nat Rev Cardiol, 2011, 8(9):526-538.
10.	McLaughlin W, Shillington A, Rich S, et al. Survival in primary pulmonary hypertension:the impact of epoprostenol therapy. Circulation, 2002, 106(12):1477-1482.
11.	Robbins IM, Christman BW, Newman JH, et al. A survey of diagnostic practices and the use of epoprostenol in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Chest 1998, 114(5):1269-1275.
12.	Olschewski H, Smionneau G, Galiè N, et al. Inhaled iloprost for severe pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med, 2002, 347(5):322-329.
13.	Gali N, Humbert M, Vachiéry JL, et al. Effects of beraprost sodium, an oral prostacyclin analogue, in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension:a randomized, double-blind, placebo-control led trial. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2002, 39(9):1496-502.
14.	Simonneau G, Torbicki A, Hoeper MM, et al. Selexipag:an oral, selective prostacyclinreceptor agonist for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J, 2012, 40(4):874-880.
15.	Feger GI, Schilingl L, Ehrenreich H, et al. Endothelium-dependent relaxation counter acting the contractile action of endothelin-1 is partly due to ETB receptor activation. Res Exp Med, 1997, 196(6):327-337.
16.	Channick RN, Simonneau G, Sitbon O, et al. Effects of the dual endothelin-receptorantagonistbosentan in patients with pulmonary hypertension:a randomised placebo controlled study. Lancet, 2001, 358(9288):1119-1123.
17.	Rubin LJ, Badesch DB, Barst RJ, et al. Bosentan therapy for pulmonaryarterialhypertension. N Engl J Med, 2002, 346(12):896-903.
18.	荆志成, 徐希奇, 马传荣等. 波生坦治疗肺动脉高压患者的初步结果. 中华医学杂志, 2008, 88(2):2136-2139.
19.	Zhi-Cheng J, Geoff S. An open-label, multicenter study to assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of bosentanin Chinese patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Heart and Lung Transplantation, 2010, 29(2):150-156.
20.	Gali N, Olschewski H, Oudiz RJ, et al. Am brisentan for the treatment of pulmonaryarterialhypertension:results of the am-brisentan inpulmonaryarterialhypertension, randomized, double-b lind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, efficacy (ARIES) study1and2. Circulation, 2008, 117(23):3010-3019.
21.	Pulido T, Adzerikho I, Channick RN, et al. Macitentan and morbidity and mortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension. N Engl J Med, 2013, 369(9):809-818.
22.	Mouchaers KT, Schalij I, De Boer MA, et al. Effective reduction of MCT-PAH by Fasudil. Comparison with Bosentan and Sildenafil. Eur Respir J, 2010, 36(4):800-807.
23.	Ziino AJ, Ivanovska J, Belcastro R, et al. Effects of rho-kinase inhibition on pulmonary hypertension, lung growth, and structure in neonatal rats chronically exposed to Hypoxia. Pediatr Res, 2010, 67(2):177-182.
24.	Schermuly RT, Janssen W, Weissmann N, et al. Riociguat for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Expert Opin Investig Drugs, 2011, 20(4):567-576.
25.	Ghofrani HA, Galie N, Grimminger F, et al. Riociguat for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. N Engl J Med, 2013, 369(4):330-340.
26.	Montani D, Perros F, Gambaryan N, et al. C-kit-positive cells accumulate in remodeled vessels of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2011, 184(1):116-123.
27.	Ghofrani HA, Seeger W, Grimminger F. Imatinib for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. N Engl J Med, 2005, 353(13):1412-1413.
28.	Abman SH. Inhaled nitric oxide for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Handb Exp Pharmacol, 2013, 218(1):257-276.
29.	Champion HC, Bivalacqua TJ, D'Souza FM, et al. Gene transfer of endothelial nitric oxide synthase to the lung of the mouse in vivo. Effect on agonist-induced and flow-mediated vascular responses. CircRes, 1999, 84(12):1422-1432.
30.	Hunter C, Bivalacqua TJ, Greenberg SS, et al. Adenoviral gene transfer of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) partially restores normal pulmonary arterial pressure in eNOS-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci, 2002, 99(20):13248-13253.
31.	Suhara H, Sawa Y, Fukushima N, et al. Gene transfer of human prostacyclin synthase into the liver is effective for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in rats. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2002, 123(5):855-861.
32.	Wang D, Zhang H, Li M, et al. MicroRNA-124 controls the proliferative, migratory, and inflammatory phenotype of pulmonary vascular fibroblasts. Circulation Research. 2014, 114(1):67-78.
33.	Lévy M, Maurey C, Celermajer DS, et al. Impaired apoptosis of pulmonary endothelial cells is associated with Intimal proliferation and irreversibility of pulmonary hyper-tension in congenital heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2007, 49(7):803-801.
34.	Assaad AM, Kawut SM, Arcasoy SM, et al. Platelet-derived growth factor is increased in pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis. Chest, 2007, 131(3):850-855.
35.	Eddahibi S, Adnot S. The serotonin pathway in pulmonary hypertension. Arch Mal Coeur vaiss, 2006, 99(6):621-625.
36.	陶清国, 张珍祥. 慢性缺氧大鼠肺血管c-myc及bcl-2基因表达研究. 中国组织化学与细胞化学杂志, 1998, 7 (3):421-424.
37.	陈晓波, 杜军保. Rho激酶在缺氧性肺动脉高压大鼠不同阶段肺组织中的激活及意义. 实用儿科临床杂志, 2007, 22(1):185-187.
38.	McMurtry MS, Archer SL, Altieri DC, et al. Gene therapy targeting surviving selecctively induce pulmonary vascular apoptosis and reverses pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Clin Invest, 2005, 115(6):1479-1491.

1. Gaine S, Gibbs JS, Gomez-Sanchez MA, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Eur Heart J, 2009, 34(6):1219-1263.
2. Galiè N, Ghofrani AH. New horizons in pulmonary arterial hypertension therapies. Eur Respir Rev, 2013, 22(130):503-514.
3. Sitbon O, Humbert M, Simonneau G, et al. Primary pulmonary hypertension:Currenttherapy. Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 2002, 45(2):115-128.
4. Humbert M, Sitbon O, Chaouat A, et al. Survival in patients with idiopathic, familial, and anorexigen-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension in the modern management era. Circulation, 2010, 122(2):156-163.
5. Rich S, Kaufmann E, Levy PS. The effect of high doses of calcium channel blockers on survival in primary pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med, 1992, 327(2):76-81.
6. Rich S, Seidlitz M, Dodin E, et al. The short-term effects of digoxin in patients with right ventricular dysfunction from pulmonary hypertension. Chest, 1998, 114(3):787-792.
7. Sitbon O, Morrell N. Pathways in pulmonary arterial hypertension:the future is here. Eur Respir Rev, 2012, 21(126):321-327.
8. Rubin LJ, Mendoza J, Hood M, et al. Treatment of primary pulmonaryhypertension with continuous intravenous prostacyclin. Results of a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med, 1990, 112(7):485-491.
9. O'Callaghan DS, Savale L, Montani D, et al. Treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension with targeted therapies. Nat Rev Cardiol, 2011, 8(9):526-538.
10. McLaughlin W, Shillington A, Rich S, et al. Survival in primary pulmonary hypertension:the impact of epoprostenol therapy. Circulation, 2002, 106(12):1477-1482.
11. Robbins IM, Christman BW, Newman JH, et al. A survey of diagnostic practices and the use of epoprostenol in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Chest 1998, 114(5):1269-1275.
12. Olschewski H, Smionneau G, Galiè N, et al. Inhaled iloprost for severe pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med, 2002, 347(5):322-329.
13. Gali N, Humbert M, Vachiéry JL, et al. Effects of beraprost sodium, an oral prostacyclin analogue, in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension:a randomized, double-blind, placebo-control led trial. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2002, 39(9):1496-502.
14. Simonneau G, Torbicki A, Hoeper MM, et al. Selexipag:an oral, selective prostacyclinreceptor agonist for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J, 2012, 40(4):874-880.
15. Feger GI, Schilingl L, Ehrenreich H, et al. Endothelium-dependent relaxation counter acting the contractile action of endothelin-1 is partly due to ETB receptor activation. Res Exp Med, 1997, 196(6):327-337.
16. Channick RN, Simonneau G, Sitbon O, et al. Effects of the dual endothelin-receptorantagonistbosentan in patients with pulmonary hypertension:a randomised placebo controlled study. Lancet, 2001, 358(9288):1119-1123.
17. Rubin LJ, Badesch DB, Barst RJ, et al. Bosentan therapy for pulmonaryarterialhypertension. N Engl J Med, 2002, 346(12):896-903.
18. 荆志成, 徐希奇, 马传荣等. 波生坦治疗肺动脉高压患者的初步结果. 中华医学杂志, 2008, 88(2):2136-2139.
19. Zhi-Cheng J, Geoff S. An open-label, multicenter study to assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of bosentanin Chinese patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Heart and Lung Transplantation, 2010, 29(2):150-156.
20. Gali N, Olschewski H, Oudiz RJ, et al. Am brisentan for the treatment of pulmonaryarterialhypertension:results of the am-brisentan inpulmonaryarterialhypertension, randomized, double-b lind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, efficacy (ARIES) study1and2. Circulation, 2008, 117(23):3010-3019.
21. Pulido T, Adzerikho I, Channick RN, et al. Macitentan and morbidity and mortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension. N Engl J Med, 2013, 369(9):809-818.
22. Mouchaers KT, Schalij I, De Boer MA, et al. Effective reduction of MCT-PAH by Fasudil. Comparison with Bosentan and Sildenafil. Eur Respir J, 2010, 36(4):800-807.
23. Ziino AJ, Ivanovska J, Belcastro R, et al. Effects of rho-kinase inhibition on pulmonary hypertension, lung growth, and structure in neonatal rats chronically exposed to Hypoxia. Pediatr Res, 2010, 67(2):177-182.
24. Schermuly RT, Janssen W, Weissmann N, et al. Riociguat for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Expert Opin Investig Drugs, 2011, 20(4):567-576.
25. Ghofrani HA, Galie N, Grimminger F, et al. Riociguat for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. N Engl J Med, 2013, 369(4):330-340.
26. Montani D, Perros F, Gambaryan N, et al. C-kit-positive cells accumulate in remodeled vessels of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2011, 184(1):116-123.
27. Ghofrani HA, Seeger W, Grimminger F. Imatinib for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. N Engl J Med, 2005, 353(13):1412-1413.
28. Abman SH. Inhaled nitric oxide for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Handb Exp Pharmacol, 2013, 218(1):257-276.
29. Champion HC, Bivalacqua TJ, D'Souza FM, et al. Gene transfer of endothelial nitric oxide synthase to the lung of the mouse in vivo. Effect on agonist-induced and flow-mediated vascular responses. CircRes, 1999, 84(12):1422-1432.
30. Hunter C, Bivalacqua TJ, Greenberg SS, et al. Adenoviral gene transfer of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) partially restores normal pulmonary arterial pressure in eNOS-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci, 2002, 99(20):13248-13253.
31. Suhara H, Sawa Y, Fukushima N, et al. Gene transfer of human prostacyclin synthase into the liver is effective for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in rats. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2002, 123(5):855-861.
32. Wang D, Zhang H, Li M, et al. MicroRNA-124 controls the proliferative, migratory, and inflammatory phenotype of pulmonary vascular fibroblasts. Circulation Research. 2014, 114(1):67-78.
33. Lévy M, Maurey C, Celermajer DS, et al. Impaired apoptosis of pulmonary endothelial cells is associated with Intimal proliferation and irreversibility of pulmonary hyper-tension in congenital heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2007, 49(7):803-801.
34. Assaad AM, Kawut SM, Arcasoy SM, et al. Platelet-derived growth factor is increased in pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis. Chest, 2007, 131(3):850-855.
35. Eddahibi S, Adnot S. The serotonin pathway in pulmonary hypertension. Arch Mal Coeur vaiss, 2006, 99(6):621-625.
36. 陶清国, 张珍祥. 慢性缺氧大鼠肺血管c-myc及bcl-2基因表达研究. 中国组织化学与细胞化学杂志, 1998, 7 (3):421-424.
37. 陈晓波, 杜军保. Rho激酶在缺氧性肺动脉高压大鼠不同阶段肺组织中的激活及意义. 实用儿科临床杂志, 2007, 22(1):185-187.
38. McMurtry MS, Archer SL, Altieri DC, et al. Gene therapy targeting surviving selecctively induce pulmonary vascular apoptosis and reverses pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Clin Invest, 2005, 115(6):1479-1491.

Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Te Progress of the Pulmonary Artiral Hypertension Treatment

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