Establishment of flail chest in a rabbit model_Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Authors：

ZHANG Yaochao , ZHANG Han ,  LIU Lijun , SONG Yongbin , ZHANG Guibin , CUI Hongshang

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, P.R.China;

Corresponding author：

LIU Lijun, Email: hbghxiongwaike@126.com

Keywords：

Flail chest; animal model; rabbits; respiratory function; pathology

DOI：

10.7507/1007-4848.201611007

Video：

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Objective To explore the feasibility of establishing a rabbit model of flail chest. Methods Flail chest model was eatablished in 12 New Zealand white rabbits after anesthesia and sterile surgery. The paradoxical movement of chest wall was recorded by the biological signal acquisition system, arterial blood was collected for blood gas analysis, the vital signs were recorded by electrocardiogram (ECG) and the lung tissue was taken for the pathological analysis at the end of the experiment. The effect of flail chest on the respiratory function of experimental animals was analyzed to evaluate the feasibility of establishing flail chest model. Results All surgeries were successful without mortality. The operation time was 41.42±7.08 min. Duration of endotracheal intubation was 79.33±12.21 min. Statistical results showed that the pH, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO₂) and base excess (BE) increased; while partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂) and oxygen saturation (SaO₂) reduced. Pathological results showed that flail chest not intervented for a long period would lead to organic lesions. Conclusion The rabbit model of flail chest is feasible, safe, repeatable, easy and simple to handle. The animal is easy to access which is the foundation to study the disease process, recovery procedure and the efficacy after intervention.

Citation： ZHANG Yaochao, ZHANG Han, LIU Lijun, SONG Yongbin, ZHANG Guibin, CUI Hongshang. Establishment of flail chest in a rabbit model. Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2018, 25(2): 159-163. doi: 10.7507/1007-4848.201611007 Copy

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2.	Chou YC, Cheng YS, Hsu YH, et al. Biodegradable nanofiber-membrane for sustainable release of lidocaine at the femoral fracture site as a periosteal block: in vitro and in vivo studies in a rabbit model. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2016, 140: 332-341.
3.	Marino DJ, Ireifej SJ, Loughin CA. Micro total hip replacement in dogs and cats. Vet Surg, 2012, 41(1): 121-129.
4.	Kieser JA, Weller S, Swain MV, et al. Compressive rib fracture: peri-mortem and post-mortem trauma patterns in a pig model. Leg Med (Tokyo), 2013, 15(4): 193-201.
5.	陈振文, 主编. 实验动物外科手术学. 西安: 第四军医大学出版社, 2012. 67-79.
6.	DeFreest L, Tafen M, Bhakta A, et al. Open reduction and internal fixation of rib fractures in polytrauma patients with flail chest. Am J Surg, 2016, 211(4): 761-767.
7.	Schuurmans J, Goslings J C, Schepers T. Operative management versus non-operative management of rib fractures in flail chest injuries: a systematic review. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg, 2017, 43(2): 163-168.
8.	Nickerson TP, Thiels CA, Kim BD, et al. Outcomes of complete versus partial surgical stabilization of flail chest. World J Surg, 2016, 40(1): 236-241.
9.	徐志飞, 赵学维, 孙耀昌, 等. 浮动胸壁对犬心肺功能的损害及机械通气和肋骨牵引的治疗效果. 中华创伤杂志, 2002, 18(1): 30-32.
10.	Elmaraghy AW, Aksenov S, Byrick RJ, et al. Pathophysiological effect of fat embolism in a canine model of pulmonary contusion. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1999, 81(8): 1155-1164.
11.	Barlow JD, Morrey ME, Hartzler RU, et al. Effectiveness of rosiglitazone in reducing flexion contracture in a rabbit model of arthrofibrosis with surgical capsular release. Bone Joint Res, 2016, 5(1): 11-17.
12.	Wan L, Huang H, Fang D, et al. In vivo transfection of nuclear factor κB decoy protects pulmonary function against acute lung contusion in rabbits. J Trauma Acute Care Surg, 2012, 73(4): 843-849.
13.	周建华, 徐志飞. 兔肺挫伤后血清白细胞介素—6 水平变化与肺水肿的关系. 中华创伤杂志, 2000, 16(11): 651-653.
14.	Cappello M, Yuehua C, De Troyer A. Rib cage distortion in a canine model of flail chest. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 1995, 151(5): 1481-1485.
15.	胡德耀, 李春华. 促甲状腺素释放激素对犬肺挫伤合并休克的治疗作用. 中华创伤杂志, 2000, 16(4): 228-231.
16.	彭秀凡, 乔贵宾, 曾伟生, 等. 猪源生物型人工骨进行胸壁重建的可行性及疗效分析. 第三军医大学学报, 2012, 34(9): 827-831.
17.	Prunet B, Prat N, Couret D, et al. Midterm effects of fluid resuscitation strategies in an experimental model of lung contusion and hemorrhagic shock. Shock, 2014, 41(2): 159-165.
18.	Wang S, Wang J, Chen X, et al. Does urinary trypsin inhibitor have a role in acute lung injury induced by pulmonary contusion: a basic research in a model of rats. Am J Ther, 2014, 21(6): 447-452.
19.	Topcu-Tarladacalisir Y, Tarladacalisir T, Sapmaz-Metin M, et al. N-acetylcysteine counteracts oxidative stress and protects alveolar epithelial cells from lung contusion-induced apoptosis in rats with blunt chest trauma. J Mol Histol, 2014, 45(4): 463-471.
20.	Klein C, van der Lubb HBM, Gahr RH. Rib fracture healing after osteosynthesis with wire mesh titanium and screws: a histological study in sheep. Eur Surg Res, 1989, 21(6): 347-354.
21.	Heineck J, Haupt C, Werner K, et al. Fracture models in the lumbar sheep spine: a biomechanical investigation. J Orthop Res, 2010, 28(6): 773-777.
22.	Tan DK, Canapp Jr SO, Leasure CS, et al. Traumatic fracture of the medial coronoid process in 24 dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol, 2016, 29(4):325-329.
23.	Pennypacker BL, Gilberto D, Gatto NT, et al. Odanacatib increases mineralized callus during fracture healing in a rabbit ulnar osteotomy model. J Orthop Res, 2016, 34(1): 72-80.
24.	Prat N, Rongieras F, Voiglio E, et al. Intrathoracic pressure impulse predicts pulmonary contusion volume in ballistic blunt thoracic trauma. J Trauma, 2010, 69(4): 749-755.

1. 黄孝迈, 秦文瀚, 孙玉鹗, 主编. 现代胸外科学. 北京: 人民军医出版社, 1997. 468-471.
2. Chou YC, Cheng YS, Hsu YH, et al. Biodegradable nanofiber-membrane for sustainable release of lidocaine at the femoral fracture site as a periosteal block: in vitro and in vivo studies in a rabbit model. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2016, 140: 332-341.
3. Marino DJ, Ireifej SJ, Loughin CA. Micro total hip replacement in dogs and cats. Vet Surg, 2012, 41(1): 121-129.
4. Kieser JA, Weller S, Swain MV, et al. Compressive rib fracture: peri-mortem and post-mortem trauma patterns in a pig model. Leg Med (Tokyo), 2013, 15(4): 193-201.
5. 陈振文, 主编. 实验动物外科手术学. 西安: 第四军医大学出版社, 2012. 67-79.
6. DeFreest L, Tafen M, Bhakta A, et al. Open reduction and internal fixation of rib fractures in polytrauma patients with flail chest. Am J Surg, 2016, 211(4): 761-767.
7. Schuurmans J, Goslings J C, Schepers T. Operative management versus non-operative management of rib fractures in flail chest injuries: a systematic review. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg, 2017, 43(2): 163-168.
8. Nickerson TP, Thiels CA, Kim BD, et al. Outcomes of complete versus partial surgical stabilization of flail chest. World J Surg, 2016, 40(1): 236-241.
9. 徐志飞, 赵学维, 孙耀昌, 等. 浮动胸壁对犬心肺功能的损害及机械通气和肋骨牵引的治疗效果. 中华创伤杂志, 2002, 18(1): 30-32.
10. Elmaraghy AW, Aksenov S, Byrick RJ, et al. Pathophysiological effect of fat embolism in a canine model of pulmonary contusion. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1999, 81(8): 1155-1164.
11. Barlow JD, Morrey ME, Hartzler RU, et al. Effectiveness of rosiglitazone in reducing flexion contracture in a rabbit model of arthrofibrosis with surgical capsular release. Bone Joint Res, 2016, 5(1): 11-17.
12. Wan L, Huang H, Fang D, et al. In vivo transfection of nuclear factor κB decoy protects pulmonary function against acute lung contusion in rabbits. J Trauma Acute Care Surg, 2012, 73(4): 843-849.
13. 周建华, 徐志飞. 兔肺挫伤后血清白细胞介素—6 水平变化与肺水肿的关系. 中华创伤杂志, 2000, 16(11): 651-653.
14. Cappello M, Yuehua C, De Troyer A. Rib cage distortion in a canine model of flail chest. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 1995, 151(5): 1481-1485.
15. 胡德耀, 李春华. 促甲状腺素释放激素对犬肺挫伤合并休克的治疗作用. 中华创伤杂志, 2000, 16(4): 228-231.
16. 彭秀凡, 乔贵宾, 曾伟生, 等. 猪源生物型人工骨进行胸壁重建的可行性及疗效分析. 第三军医大学学报, 2012, 34(9): 827-831.
17. Prunet B, Prat N, Couret D, et al. Midterm effects of fluid resuscitation strategies in an experimental model of lung contusion and hemorrhagic shock. Shock, 2014, 41(2): 159-165.
18. Wang S, Wang J, Chen X, et al. Does urinary trypsin inhibitor have a role in acute lung injury induced by pulmonary contusion: a basic research in a model of rats. Am J Ther, 2014, 21(6): 447-452.
19. Topcu-Tarladacalisir Y, Tarladacalisir T, Sapmaz-Metin M, et al. N-acetylcysteine counteracts oxidative stress and protects alveolar epithelial cells from lung contusion-induced apoptosis in rats with blunt chest trauma. J Mol Histol, 2014, 45(4): 463-471.
20. Klein C, van der Lubb HBM, Gahr RH. Rib fracture healing after osteosynthesis with wire mesh titanium and screws: a histological study in sheep. Eur Surg Res, 1989, 21(6): 347-354.
21. Heineck J, Haupt C, Werner K, et al. Fracture models in the lumbar sheep spine: a biomechanical investigation. J Orthop Res, 2010, 28(6): 773-777.
22. Tan DK, Canapp Jr SO, Leasure CS, et al. Traumatic fracture of the medial coronoid process in 24 dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol, 2016, 29(4):325-329.
23. Pennypacker BL, Gilberto D, Gatto NT, et al. Odanacatib increases mineralized callus during fracture healing in a rabbit ulnar osteotomy model. J Orthop Res, 2016, 34(1): 72-80.
24. Prat N, Rongieras F, Voiglio E, et al. Intrathoracic pressure impulse predicts pulmonary contusion volume in ballistic blunt thoracic trauma. J Trauma, 2010, 69(4): 749-755.

Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Establishment of flail chest in a rabbit model

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