中华医学会胸心血管外科学分会胸腔镜外科学组中国医师协会胸外科医师分会微创外科专家委员会,
Email: lunxu_liu@aliyun.com
Citation： 中华医学会胸心血管外科学分会胸腔镜外科学组中国医师协会胸外科医师分会微创外科专家委员会. 中国胸外科围手术期疼痛管理专家共识（2018 版）. Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2018, 25(11): 921-928. doi: 10.7507/1007-4848.201810052 Copy
| 1. | 张爱华. 胸外科病人术后疼痛的护理. 齐齐哈尔医学院学报, 2012, 33(10): 1390-1391. |
| 2. | Maxwell C, Nicoara A. New developments in the treatment of acute pain after thoracic surgery. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol, 2014, 27(1): 6-11. |
| 3. | Liu Y, Zhao H, Liu J, et al. Influence of thoracoscopic surgery on inflammatory reaction of the body for early peripheral lung cancer patients. Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi, 2014, 17(10): 730-733. |
| 4. | Apfelbaum JL, Chen C, Mehta SS, et al. Postoperative pain experience: results from a national survey suggest postoperative pain continues to be undermanaged. Anesth Analg, 2003, 97(2): 534-540. |
| 5. | Kehlet H, Jensen TS, Woolf CJ. Persistent postsurgical pain: risk factors and prevention. Lancet, 2006, 367(9522): 1618-1625. |
| 6. | 薛照静, 黄宇光, 赵晶, 等. 慢性术后疼痛研究进展. 中国疼痛医学杂志, 2013, 19(11): 685-689-115, 119. |
| 7. | Bottiger BA, Esper SA, Stafford-Smith M. Pain management strategies for thoracotomy and thoracic pain syndromes. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 2014, 18(1): 45-46. |
| 8. | Williamson A, Hoggart B. Pain: a review of three commonly used pain rating scales. J Clin Nurs, 2005, 14(7): 798-804. |
| 9. | Hawker GA, Mian S, Kendzerska T, et al. Measures of adult pain: Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS Pain), Numeric Rating Scale for Pain (NRS Pain), McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Chronic Pain Grade Scale (CPGS), Short Form-36 Bodily Pain Scale (SF-36 BPS), and Measure of Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain (ICOAP). Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 2011, 63 (Suppl 11): S240-S252. |
| 10. | Castarlenas E, Sánchez-Rodríguez E, Vega Rde L, et al. Agreement between verbal and electronic versions of the numerical rating scale (NRS-11) when used to assess pain intensity in adolescents. Clin J Pain, 2015, 31(3): 229-234. |
| 11. | Kliger M, Stahl S, Haddad M, et al. Measuring the intensity of chronic pain: are the visual analogue scale and the verbal rating scale interchangeable? Pain Pract, 2015, 15(6): 538-547. |
| 12. | 刘昕, 高巨, 王存金. 成人疼痛评估工具的研究进展. 实用疼痛学杂志, 2016, 12(6): 461-470. |
| 13. | Quinn BL, Sheldon LK, Cooley ME. Pediatric pain assessment by drawn faces scales: a review. Pain Manag Nurs, 2014, 15(4): 909-918. |
| 14. | Vandenbos F, Pop D, Perrotin C, et al. Evolution of pain during respiratory rehabilitation after major lung resection. Rev Mal Respir, 2017, 34(3): 232-239. |
| 15. | 徐城, 杨晓秋, 刘丹彦. 常用的疼痛评估方法在临床疼痛评估中的作用. 中国疼痛医学杂志, 2015, 21(3): 210-212. |
| 16. | 安春荣. 术后疼痛原因分析与护理措施. 中国冶金工业医学杂志, 2016, 33(1): 121-122. |
| 17. | 苏曼曼, 周阳. 术后疼痛管理研究进展. 护理研究, 2018, 32(17): 2669-2672. |
| 18. | Andersson V, Bergman S, Henoch I, et al. Pain and pain management in hospitalized patients before and after an intervention. Scand J Pain, 2017, 15: 22-29. |
| 19. | Kashefimehr A, Babaloo A, Ghanizadeh M, et al. Effect of prophylactic administration of Novafen for periodontal surgery on postoperative pain relief. J Med Life, 2017, 10(2): 127-130. |
| 20. | 朱璐兰, 刘文和. 按时镇痛护理模式在创伤围手术期的镇痛效果评价. 湘南学院学报(医学版), 2015, 17(3): 67-68. |
| 21. | Gottschalk A, Smith DS. New concepts in acute pain therapy: preemptive analgesia. Am Fam Physician, 2001, 63(10): 1979-1984. |
| 22. | 高元丽, 代志刚, 郭素香, 等. 不同镇痛方法用于开胸手术后镇痛效果的评价. 中国组织工程研究与临床康复, 2007, 11(17): 3248-3250, 3254. |
| 23. | Savage C, McQuitty C, Wang D, et al. Postthoracotomy pain management. Chest Surg Clin N Am, 2002, 12(2): 251-263. |
| 24. | Halpern SH, Muir H, Breen TW, et al. A multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing patient-controlled epidural with intravenous analgesia for pain relief in labor. Anesth Analg, 2004, 99(5): 1532-1538. |
| 25. | 阴俊. 局麻药切口局部浸润镇痛的临床应用进展. 实用药物与临床, 2017, 20(6): 724-728. |
| 26. | 张浩. 外周神经阻滞的新进展. 武警医学院学报, 2007, 16(2): 195-197. |
| 27. | 刘婧. 术后硬膜外自控镇痛并发症的观察及护理. 中国疼痛医学杂志, 2017, 23(1): 64-69. |
| 28. | Palmer PP, Miller RD. Current and developing methods of patient-controlled analgesia. Anesthesiol Clin, 2010, 28(4): 587-599. |
| 29. | Paice JA, Portenoy R, Lacchetti C, et al. Management of chronic pain in survivors of adult cancers: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Oncol, 2016, 34(27): 3325-3345. |
| 30. | Zhang H, Gu J, Feng Y, et al. Absorption kinetics of flurbiprofen axetil microspheres in cerebrospinal fluid: A pilot study? Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther, 2017, 55(11): 875-880. |
| 31. | Sultan A, McQuay HJ, Moore RA, et al. Single dose oral flurbiprofen for acute postoperative pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2009, (3): CD007358. |
| 32. | Elia N, Lysakowski C, Tramèr MR. Does multimodal analgesia with acetaminophen, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, or selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and patient-controlled analgesia morphine offer advantages over morphine alone? Meta-analyses of randomized trials. Anesthesiology, 2005, 103(6): 1296-1304. |
| 33. | Kearney PM, Baigent C, Godwin J, et al. Do selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors and traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increase the risk of atherothrombosis? Meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ, 2006, 332(7553): 1302-1308. |
| 34. | Clarke H, Soneji N, Ko DT, et al. Rates and risk factors for prolonged opioid use after major surgery: population based cohort study. BMJ, 2014, 348: g1251. |
| 35. | Chu LF, Angst MS, Clark D. Opioid-induced hyperalgesia in humans: molecular mechanisms and clinical considerations. Clin J Pain, 2008, 24(6): 479-496. |
| 36. | Bruijnzeel AW. kappa-Opioid receptor signaling and brain reward function. Brain Res Rev, 2009, 62(1): 127-146. |
| 37. | 徐建国. 成人术后疼痛治疗进展. 临床麻醉学杂志, 2011, 27(3): 299-301. |
| 38. | 陈冰宇, 邴彦秋, 袁士涛, 等. 盐酸羟考酮用于髋关节置换术后苏醒期的镇痛疗效观察. 中国医学创新, 2016, 13(6): 130-133. |
| 39. | Jahangiri Fard A, Farzanegan B, Khalili A, et al. Paracetamol instead of ketorolac in post-video-assisted thoracic surgery pain management: a randomized trial. Anesth Pain Med, 2016, 6(6): e39175. |
| 40. | 中华医学会麻醉学分会. 肾上腺糖皮质激素围手术期应用专家共识(2017 版). 临床麻醉学杂志, 2017, 33(7): 712-716. |
| 41. | Kwon SK, Yang IH, Bai SJ, et al. Periarticular injection with corticosteroid has an additional pain management effect in total knee arthroplasty. Yonsei Med J, 2014, 55(2): 493-498. |
| 42. | Peng K, Zhang J, Meng XW, et al. Optimization of postoperative intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with opioid-dexmedeto-midine combinations: an updated meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pain Physician, 2017, 20(7): 569-596. |
| 43. | Doering S, Katzlberger F, Rumpold G, et al. Videotape preparation of patients before hip replacement surgery reduces stress. Psychosom Med, 2000, 62(3): 365-373. |
| 44. | 许庆珍, 宋瑰琦, 单丽梅, 等. 术前疼痛教育对开胸术后疼痛控制效果的影响. 护理实践与研究, 2013, 10(10): 1-4. |
| 45. | Li S, Zhou K, Che G, et al. Enhanced recovery programs in lung cancer surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Cancer Manag Res, 2017, 9: 657-670. |
| 46. | 任绪华. 术前疼痛教育对胸部手术后病人疼痛控制的影响. 护理研究:上旬版, 2011, 25(10): 2584-2585. |
| 47. | Martin MY, Pisu M, Kvale EA, et al. Developing effective cancer pain education programs. Curr Pain Headache Rep, 2012, 16(4): 332-342. |
| 48. | Wang Y, Zhang HB, Xia B, et al. Preemptive analgesic effects of flurbiprofen axetil in patients undergoing radical resection of esophageal carcinoma via the left thoracic approach. Chin Med J (Engl), 2012, 125(4): 579-582. |
| 49. | Baidya DK, Khanna P, Maitra S. Analgesic efficacy and safety of thoracic paravertebral and epidural analgesia for thoracic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2014, 18(5): 626-635. |
| 50. | Kahokehr A, Sammour T, Srinivasa S, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of intraperitoneal local anaesthetic for pain reduction after laparoscopic gastric procedures. Br J Surg, 2011, 98(1): 29-36. |
| 51. | Pu Q, Ma L, Mei J, et al. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery versus posterolateral thoracotomy lobectomy: A more patient-friendly approach on postoperative pain, pulmonary function and shoulder function. Thorac Cancer, 2013, 4(1): 84-89. |
| 52. | Nagahiro I, Andou A, Aoe M, et al. Pulmonary function, postoperative pain, and serum cytokine level after lobectomy. Ann Thorac Surg, 2001,72(2): 362-365. |
| 53. | 刘飞, 邹文军, 鲍永新, 等. 术后慢性疼痛的发生率、危险因素及对病人生活质量的影响: 大样本前瞻性研究. 中华麻醉学杂志, 2017, 37(6): 684-688. |
| 54. | Peng Z, Li H, Zhang C, et al. A retrospective study of chronic post-surgical pain following thoracic surgery: prevalence, risk factors, incidence of neuropathic component, and impact on qualify of life. PLoS One, 2014, 9(2): e90014. |
- 1. 张爱华. 胸外科病人术后疼痛的护理. 齐齐哈尔医学院学报, 2012, 33(10): 1390-1391.
- 2. Maxwell C, Nicoara A. New developments in the treatment of acute pain after thoracic surgery. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol, 2014, 27(1): 6-11.
- 3. Liu Y, Zhao H, Liu J, et al. Influence of thoracoscopic surgery on inflammatory reaction of the body for early peripheral lung cancer patients. Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi, 2014, 17(10): 730-733.
- 4. Apfelbaum JL, Chen C, Mehta SS, et al. Postoperative pain experience: results from a national survey suggest postoperative pain continues to be undermanaged. Anesth Analg, 2003, 97(2): 534-540.
- 5. Kehlet H, Jensen TS, Woolf CJ. Persistent postsurgical pain: risk factors and prevention. Lancet, 2006, 367(9522): 1618-1625.
- 6. 薛照静, 黄宇光, 赵晶, 等. 慢性术后疼痛研究进展. 中国疼痛医学杂志, 2013, 19(11): 685-689-115, 119.
- 7. Bottiger BA, Esper SA, Stafford-Smith M. Pain management strategies for thoracotomy and thoracic pain syndromes. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 2014, 18(1): 45-46.
- 8. Williamson A, Hoggart B. Pain: a review of three commonly used pain rating scales. J Clin Nurs, 2005, 14(7): 798-804.
- 9. Hawker GA, Mian S, Kendzerska T, et al. Measures of adult pain: Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS Pain), Numeric Rating Scale for Pain (NRS Pain), McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Chronic Pain Grade Scale (CPGS), Short Form-36 Bodily Pain Scale (SF-36 BPS), and Measure of Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain (ICOAP). Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 2011, 63 (Suppl 11): S240-S252.
- 10. Castarlenas E, Sánchez-Rodríguez E, Vega Rde L, et al. Agreement between verbal and electronic versions of the numerical rating scale (NRS-11) when used to assess pain intensity in adolescents. Clin J Pain, 2015, 31(3): 229-234.
- 11. Kliger M, Stahl S, Haddad M, et al. Measuring the intensity of chronic pain: are the visual analogue scale and the verbal rating scale interchangeable? Pain Pract, 2015, 15(6): 538-547.
- 12. 刘昕, 高巨, 王存金. 成人疼痛评估工具的研究进展. 实用疼痛学杂志, 2016, 12(6): 461-470.
- 13. Quinn BL, Sheldon LK, Cooley ME. Pediatric pain assessment by drawn faces scales: a review. Pain Manag Nurs, 2014, 15(4): 909-918.
- 14. Vandenbos F, Pop D, Perrotin C, et al. Evolution of pain during respiratory rehabilitation after major lung resection. Rev Mal Respir, 2017, 34(3): 232-239.
- 15. 徐城, 杨晓秋, 刘丹彦. 常用的疼痛评估方法在临床疼痛评估中的作用. 中国疼痛医学杂志, 2015, 21(3): 210-212.
- 16. 安春荣. 术后疼痛原因分析与护理措施. 中国冶金工业医学杂志, 2016, 33(1): 121-122.
- 17. 苏曼曼, 周阳. 术后疼痛管理研究进展. 护理研究, 2018, 32(17): 2669-2672.
- 18. Andersson V, Bergman S, Henoch I, et al. Pain and pain management in hospitalized patients before and after an intervention. Scand J Pain, 2017, 15: 22-29.
- 19. Kashefimehr A, Babaloo A, Ghanizadeh M, et al. Effect of prophylactic administration of Novafen for periodontal surgery on postoperative pain relief. J Med Life, 2017, 10(2): 127-130.
- 20. 朱璐兰, 刘文和. 按时镇痛护理模式在创伤围手术期的镇痛效果评价. 湘南学院学报(医学版), 2015, 17(3): 67-68.
- 21. Gottschalk A, Smith DS. New concepts in acute pain therapy: preemptive analgesia. Am Fam Physician, 2001, 63(10): 1979-1984.
- 22. 高元丽, 代志刚, 郭素香, 等. 不同镇痛方法用于开胸手术后镇痛效果的评价. 中国组织工程研究与临床康复, 2007, 11(17): 3248-3250, 3254.
- 23. Savage C, McQuitty C, Wang D, et al. Postthoracotomy pain management. Chest Surg Clin N Am, 2002, 12(2): 251-263.
- 24. Halpern SH, Muir H, Breen TW, et al. A multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing patient-controlled epidural with intravenous analgesia for pain relief in labor. Anesth Analg, 2004, 99(5): 1532-1538.
- 25. 阴俊. 局麻药切口局部浸润镇痛的临床应用进展. 实用药物与临床, 2017, 20(6): 724-728.
- 26. 张浩. 外周神经阻滞的新进展. 武警医学院学报, 2007, 16(2): 195-197.
- 27. 刘婧. 术后硬膜外自控镇痛并发症的观察及护理. 中国疼痛医学杂志, 2017, 23(1): 64-69.
- 28. Palmer PP, Miller RD. Current and developing methods of patient-controlled analgesia. Anesthesiol Clin, 2010, 28(4): 587-599.
- 29. Paice JA, Portenoy R, Lacchetti C, et al. Management of chronic pain in survivors of adult cancers: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Oncol, 2016, 34(27): 3325-3345.
- 30. Zhang H, Gu J, Feng Y, et al. Absorption kinetics of flurbiprofen axetil microspheres in cerebrospinal fluid: A pilot study? Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther, 2017, 55(11): 875-880.
- 31. Sultan A, McQuay HJ, Moore RA, et al. Single dose oral flurbiprofen for acute postoperative pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2009, (3): CD007358.
- 32. Elia N, Lysakowski C, Tramèr MR. Does multimodal analgesia with acetaminophen, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, or selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and patient-controlled analgesia morphine offer advantages over morphine alone? Meta-analyses of randomized trials. Anesthesiology, 2005, 103(6): 1296-1304.
- 33. Kearney PM, Baigent C, Godwin J, et al. Do selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors and traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increase the risk of atherothrombosis? Meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ, 2006, 332(7553): 1302-1308.
- 34. Clarke H, Soneji N, Ko DT, et al. Rates and risk factors for prolonged opioid use after major surgery: population based cohort study. BMJ, 2014, 348: g1251.
- 35. Chu LF, Angst MS, Clark D. Opioid-induced hyperalgesia in humans: molecular mechanisms and clinical considerations. Clin J Pain, 2008, 24(6): 479-496.
- 36. Bruijnzeel AW. kappa-Opioid receptor signaling and brain reward function. Brain Res Rev, 2009, 62(1): 127-146.
- 37. 徐建国. 成人术后疼痛治疗进展. 临床麻醉学杂志, 2011, 27(3): 299-301.
- 38. 陈冰宇, 邴彦秋, 袁士涛, 等. 盐酸羟考酮用于髋关节置换术后苏醒期的镇痛疗效观察. 中国医学创新, 2016, 13(6): 130-133.
- 39. Jahangiri Fard A, Farzanegan B, Khalili A, et al. Paracetamol instead of ketorolac in post-video-assisted thoracic surgery pain management: a randomized trial. Anesth Pain Med, 2016, 6(6): e39175.
- 40. 中华医学会麻醉学分会. 肾上腺糖皮质激素围手术期应用专家共识(2017 版). 临床麻醉学杂志, 2017, 33(7): 712-716.
- 41. Kwon SK, Yang IH, Bai SJ, et al. Periarticular injection with corticosteroid has an additional pain management effect in total knee arthroplasty. Yonsei Med J, 2014, 55(2): 493-498.
- 42. Peng K, Zhang J, Meng XW, et al. Optimization of postoperative intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with opioid-dexmedeto-midine combinations: an updated meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pain Physician, 2017, 20(7): 569-596.
- 43. Doering S, Katzlberger F, Rumpold G, et al. Videotape preparation of patients before hip replacement surgery reduces stress. Psychosom Med, 2000, 62(3): 365-373.
- 44. 许庆珍, 宋瑰琦, 单丽梅, 等. 术前疼痛教育对开胸术后疼痛控制效果的影响. 护理实践与研究, 2013, 10(10): 1-4.
- 45. Li S, Zhou K, Che G, et al. Enhanced recovery programs in lung cancer surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Cancer Manag Res, 2017, 9: 657-670.
- 46. 任绪华. 术前疼痛教育对胸部手术后病人疼痛控制的影响. 护理研究:上旬版, 2011, 25(10): 2584-2585.
- 47. Martin MY, Pisu M, Kvale EA, et al. Developing effective cancer pain education programs. Curr Pain Headache Rep, 2012, 16(4): 332-342.
- 48. Wang Y, Zhang HB, Xia B, et al. Preemptive analgesic effects of flurbiprofen axetil in patients undergoing radical resection of esophageal carcinoma via the left thoracic approach. Chin Med J (Engl), 2012, 125(4): 579-582.
- 49. Baidya DK, Khanna P, Maitra S. Analgesic efficacy and safety of thoracic paravertebral and epidural analgesia for thoracic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2014, 18(5): 626-635.
- 50. Kahokehr A, Sammour T, Srinivasa S, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of intraperitoneal local anaesthetic for pain reduction after laparoscopic gastric procedures. Br J Surg, 2011, 98(1): 29-36.
- 51. Pu Q, Ma L, Mei J, et al. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery versus posterolateral thoracotomy lobectomy: A more patient-friendly approach on postoperative pain, pulmonary function and shoulder function. Thorac Cancer, 2013, 4(1): 84-89.
- 52. Nagahiro I, Andou A, Aoe M, et al. Pulmonary function, postoperative pain, and serum cytokine level after lobectomy. Ann Thorac Surg, 2001,72(2): 362-365.
- 53. 刘飞, 邹文军, 鲍永新, 等. 术后慢性疼痛的发生率、危险因素及对病人生活质量的影响: 大样本前瞻性研究. 中华麻醉学杂志, 2017, 37(6): 684-688.
- 54. Peng Z, Li H, Zhang C, et al. A retrospective study of chronic post-surgical pain following thoracic surgery: prevalence, risk factors, incidence of neuropathic component, and impact on qualify of life. PLoS One, 2014, 9(2): e90014.