Research progress on effects of different valvuloplasty techniques on posterior mitral valve prolapse_Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Authors：

MA Jiexu ^1,2,3 ,  GUO Huiming ^1,2

1. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R.China;
2. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R.China;
3. Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, P.R.China;

Corresponding author：

GUO Huiming, Email: guohuiming@163.net

Keywords：

Mitral valvuloplasty; mitral valve prolapse; quadrangular resection; artificial chordae; surgery; review

DOI：

10.7507/1007-4848.201905029

Video：

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Mitral valvuloplasty is a more suitable surgical procedure than mitral valve replacement in the case of mitral valve degeneration. Quadrangular resection and artificial chordae plantation, considered to be classical procedures, are widely employed in posterior mitral valve prolapse, and have prominent long-term effects during the follow-up. However, is there any difference in mitral valve reconstruction due to completely different surgical methodology and concepts of the two procedures? Every surgeon has his own ideas and preferences for mitral valvuloplasty, and the choice of surgical procedures mostly depends on experience of surgeons. The article generally reviews variances in intraoperative and long-term clinical outcomes of both rectangular excision and artificial chordae plantation in posterior leaflet valvuloplasty, hoping to provide references for clinical decision.

Citation： MA Jiexu, GUO Huiming. Research progress on effects of different valvuloplasty techniques on posterior mitral valve prolapse. Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2020, 27(7): 845-850. doi: 10.7507/1007-4848.201905029 Copy

1.	Adams DH, Anyanwu AC. Seeking a higher standard for degenerative mitral valve repair: begin with etiology. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2008, 136(3): 551-556.
2.	Nishida H, Fukui T, Kasegawa H, et al. Causes of repair failure for degenerative mitral valve disease and reoperation outcomes. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2018, 53(6): 1244-1250.
3.	Theal M, Sleik K, Anand S, et al. Prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in ethnic groups. Can J Cardiol, 2004, 20(5): 511-515.
4.	Carpentier A. Cardiac valve surgery--the "French correction". J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1983, 86(3): 323-337.
5.	Gallerstein PE, Berger M, Rubenstein S, et al. Systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve and outflow obstruction after mitral valve reconstruction. Chest, 1983, 83(5): 819-820.
6.	Grossi EA, Galloway AC, Parish MA, et al. Experience with twenty-eight cases of systolic anterior motion after mitral valve reconstruction by the Carpentier technique. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1992, 103(3): 466-470.
7.	Perier P, Clausnizer B, Mistarz K. Carpentier "sliding leaflet" technique for repair of the mitral valve: early results. Ann Thorac Surg, 1994, 57(2): 383-386.
8.	David TE. Replacement of chordae tendineae with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene sutures. J Card Surg, 1989, 4(4): 286-290.
9.	Okamoto K, Yozu R, Kudo M. Loop-in-loop technique in mitral valve repair via minithoracotomy. Ann Thorac Surg, 2012, 93(4): 1329-1330.
10.	Mazine A, Friedrich JO, Nedadur R, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of chordal replacement versus leaflet resection for posterior mitral leaflet prolapse. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2018, 155(1): 120-128.e10.
11.	Falk V, Seeburger J, Czesla M, et al. How does the use of polytetrafluoroethylene neochordae for posterior mitral valve prolapse (loop technique) compare with leaflet resection? A prospective randomized trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2008, 136(5): 1205-1205.
12.	Mihaljevic T, Pattakos G, Gillinov AM, et al. Robotic posterior mitral leaflet repair: neochordal versus resectional techniques. Ann Thorac Surg, 2013, 95(3): 787-794.
13.	Seeburger J, Falk V, Borger MA, et al. Chordae replacement versus resection for repair of isolated posterior mitral leaflet prolapse: à ègalité. Ann Thorac Surg, 2009, 87(6): 1715-1720.
14.	Bruno PG, Leva C, Santambrogio L, et al. Early clinical experience and echocardiographic results with a new semirigid mitral annuloplasty ring: the Sorin Memo 3D. Ann Thorac Surg, 2009, 88(5): 1492-1498.
15.	Hysi I, Rebet O, Gautier L, et al. A standardized loop technique for mitral valve repair. ann thorac surg, 2017, 103(1): e105-e106.
16.	Schubert SA, Mehaffey JH, Charles EJ, et al. Mitral valve repair: The French correction versus the American correction. Surg Clin North Am, 2017, 97(4): 867-888.
17.	David TE, Armstrong S, Mccrindle BW, et al. Late outcomes of mitral valve repair for mitral regurgitation due to degenerative disease clinical perspective. Ann Thorac Surg, 1993, 19(2): 116-120.
18.	Salgo IS, Gorman JH 3rd, Gorman RC, et al. Effect of annular shape on leaflet curvature in reducing mitral leaflet stress. Circulation, 2002, 106(6): 711-717.
19.	Filsoufi F, Carpentier A. Principles of reconstructive surgery in degenerative mitral valve disease. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2007, 19(2): 103-110.
20.	Lange R, Guenther T, Noebauer C, et al. Chordal replacement versus quadrangular resection for repair of isolated posterior mitral leaflet prolapse. Ann Thorac Surg, 2010, 89(4): 1163-1170.
21.	Ma W, Shi W, Wu W, et al. Elevated gradient after mitral valve repair: The effect of surgical technique and relevance of postoperative atrial fibrillation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2018, [Epub ahead of print]. doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.07.107.
22.	Zhou T, Li J, Lai H, et al. Benefits of early surgery on clinical outcomes after degenerative mitral valve repair. Ann Thorac Surg, 2018, 106(4): 1063-1070.
23.	Johnston DR, Gillinov AM, Blackstone EH, et al. Surgical repair of posterior mitral valve prolapse: implications for guidelines and percutaneous repair. Ann Thorac Surg, 2010, 89(5): 1385-1394.
24.	Coutinho GF, Antunes MJ. Mitral valve repair for degenerative mitral valve disease: surgical approach, patient selection and long-term outcomes. Heart, 2017, 103(21): 1663-1669.
25.	De Bonis M, Lapenna E, Giambuzzi I, et al. Second cross-clamping after mitral valve repair for degenerative disease in contemporary practice. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2018, 54(1): 91-97.
26.	Uchimuro T, Tabata M, Saito K, et al. Post-repair coaptation length and durability of mitral valve repair for posterior mitral valve prolapse. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2014, 62(4): 221-227.
27.	Kuperstein R, Spiegelstein D, Rotem G, et al. Late clinical outcome of transient intraoperative systolic anterior motion post mitral valve repair. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2015, 149(2): 471-476.
28.	Loulmet DF, Yaffee DW, Ursomanno PA, et al. Systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve: a 30-year perspective. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2014, 148(6): 2787-2793.
29.	Crescenzi G, Landoni G, Zangrillo A, et al. Management and decision-making strategy for systolic anterior motion after mitral valve repair. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2009, 137(2): 320-325.
30.	Maslow AD, Regan MM, Haering JM, et al. Echocardiographic predictors of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve after mitral valve reconstruction for myxomatous valve disease. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1999, 34(7): 2096-2104.
31.	Manabe S, Kasegawa H, Fukui T, et al. Influence of left ventricular function on development of systolic anterior motion after mitral valve repair. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2013, 146(2): 291-295.
32.	Myerson SG. Recurrence of mitral valve regurgitation after mitral valve repair. Circulation, 2003, 108(17): 85-85.
33.	Suri RM, Clavel MA, Schaff HV, et al. Effect of recurrent mitral regurgitation following degenerative mitral valve repair: long-term analysis of competing outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2016, 67(5): 488-498.
34.	Lapenna E, Del Forno B, Amore L, et al. Durability at 19 years of quadrangular resection with annular plication for mitral regurgitation. Ann Thorac Surg, 2018, 106(3): 735-741.
35.	Suri RM, Schaff HV, Dearani JA, et al. Survival advantage and improved durability of mitral repair for leaflet prolapse subsets in the current era. Ann Thorac Surg, 2006, 82(3): 819-826.
36.	Dumont E, Gillinov AM, Blackstone EH, et al. Reoperation after mitral valve repair for degenerative disease. Ann Thorac Surg, 2007, 84(2): 444-450.
37.	von Oppell UO, Mohr FW. Chordal replacement for both minimally invasive and conventional mitral valve surgery using premeasured Gore-Tex loops. Ann Thorac Surg, 2000, 70(6): 2166-2168.
38.	Coutinho GF, Correia PM, Branco C, et al. Long-term results of mitral valve surgery for degenerative anterior leaflet or bileaflet prolapse: analysis of negative factors for repair, early and late failures, and survival. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2016, 50(1): 66-74.
39.	Vahanian A, Alfieri O, Andreotti F, et al. Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012): The Joint Task Force on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J, 2013, 66(2): E1-E42.
40.	Asai T, Kinoshita T, Suzuki T, et al. Early and follow-up results of butterfly resection of prolapsed posterior leaflet in 76 consecutive patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2015, 149(5): 1296-1300.
41.	Dreyfus GD, Dulguerov F, Marcacci C, et al. "Respect when you can, resect when you should": A realistic approach to posterior leaflet mitral valve repair. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2018, 156(5): 1856-1866.
42.	Privitera S, Butany J, Silversides C, et al. Artificial chordae tendinae: long-term changes. J Card Surg, 2005, 20(1): 90-92.

1. Adams DH, Anyanwu AC. Seeking a higher standard for degenerative mitral valve repair: begin with etiology. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2008, 136(3): 551-556.
2. Nishida H, Fukui T, Kasegawa H, et al. Causes of repair failure for degenerative mitral valve disease and reoperation outcomes. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2018, 53(6): 1244-1250.
3. Theal M, Sleik K, Anand S, et al. Prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in ethnic groups. Can J Cardiol, 2004, 20(5): 511-515.
4. Carpentier A. Cardiac valve surgery--the "French correction". J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1983, 86(3): 323-337.
5. Gallerstein PE, Berger M, Rubenstein S, et al. Systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve and outflow obstruction after mitral valve reconstruction. Chest, 1983, 83(5): 819-820.
6. Grossi EA, Galloway AC, Parish MA, et al. Experience with twenty-eight cases of systolic anterior motion after mitral valve reconstruction by the Carpentier technique. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1992, 103(3): 466-470.
7. Perier P, Clausnizer B, Mistarz K. Carpentier "sliding leaflet" technique for repair of the mitral valve: early results. Ann Thorac Surg, 1994, 57(2): 383-386.
8. David TE. Replacement of chordae tendineae with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene sutures. J Card Surg, 1989, 4(4): 286-290.
9. Okamoto K, Yozu R, Kudo M. Loop-in-loop technique in mitral valve repair via minithoracotomy. Ann Thorac Surg, 2012, 93(4): 1329-1330.
10. Mazine A, Friedrich JO, Nedadur R, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of chordal replacement versus leaflet resection for posterior mitral leaflet prolapse. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2018, 155(1): 120-128.e10.
11. Falk V, Seeburger J, Czesla M, et al. How does the use of polytetrafluoroethylene neochordae for posterior mitral valve prolapse (loop technique) compare with leaflet resection? A prospective randomized trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2008, 136(5): 1205-1205.
12. Mihaljevic T, Pattakos G, Gillinov AM, et al. Robotic posterior mitral leaflet repair: neochordal versus resectional techniques. Ann Thorac Surg, 2013, 95(3): 787-794.
13. Seeburger J, Falk V, Borger MA, et al. Chordae replacement versus resection for repair of isolated posterior mitral leaflet prolapse: à ègalité. Ann Thorac Surg, 2009, 87(6): 1715-1720.
14. Bruno PG, Leva C, Santambrogio L, et al. Early clinical experience and echocardiographic results with a new semirigid mitral annuloplasty ring: the Sorin Memo 3D. Ann Thorac Surg, 2009, 88(5): 1492-1498.
15. Hysi I, Rebet O, Gautier L, et al. A standardized loop technique for mitral valve repair. ann thorac surg, 2017, 103(1): e105-e106.
16. Schubert SA, Mehaffey JH, Charles EJ, et al. Mitral valve repair: The French correction versus the American correction. Surg Clin North Am, 2017, 97(4): 867-888.
17. David TE, Armstrong S, Mccrindle BW, et al. Late outcomes of mitral valve repair for mitral regurgitation due to degenerative disease clinical perspective. Ann Thorac Surg, 1993, 19(2): 116-120.
18. Salgo IS, Gorman JH 3rd, Gorman RC, et al. Effect of annular shape on leaflet curvature in reducing mitral leaflet stress. Circulation, 2002, 106(6): 711-717.
19. Filsoufi F, Carpentier A. Principles of reconstructive surgery in degenerative mitral valve disease. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2007, 19(2): 103-110.
20. Lange R, Guenther T, Noebauer C, et al. Chordal replacement versus quadrangular resection for repair of isolated posterior mitral leaflet prolapse. Ann Thorac Surg, 2010, 89(4): 1163-1170.
21. Ma W, Shi W, Wu W, et al. Elevated gradient after mitral valve repair: The effect of surgical technique and relevance of postoperative atrial fibrillation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2018, [Epub ahead of print]. doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.07.107.
22. Zhou T, Li J, Lai H, et al. Benefits of early surgery on clinical outcomes after degenerative mitral valve repair. Ann Thorac Surg, 2018, 106(4): 1063-1070.
23. Johnston DR, Gillinov AM, Blackstone EH, et al. Surgical repair of posterior mitral valve prolapse: implications for guidelines and percutaneous repair. Ann Thorac Surg, 2010, 89(5): 1385-1394.
24. Coutinho GF, Antunes MJ. Mitral valve repair for degenerative mitral valve disease: surgical approach, patient selection and long-term outcomes. Heart, 2017, 103(21): 1663-1669.
25. De Bonis M, Lapenna E, Giambuzzi I, et al. Second cross-clamping after mitral valve repair for degenerative disease in contemporary practice. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2018, 54(1): 91-97.
26. Uchimuro T, Tabata M, Saito K, et al. Post-repair coaptation length and durability of mitral valve repair for posterior mitral valve prolapse. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2014, 62(4): 221-227.
27. Kuperstein R, Spiegelstein D, Rotem G, et al. Late clinical outcome of transient intraoperative systolic anterior motion post mitral valve repair. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2015, 149(2): 471-476.
28. Loulmet DF, Yaffee DW, Ursomanno PA, et al. Systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve: a 30-year perspective. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2014, 148(6): 2787-2793.
29. Crescenzi G, Landoni G, Zangrillo A, et al. Management and decision-making strategy for systolic anterior motion after mitral valve repair. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2009, 137(2): 320-325.
30. Maslow AD, Regan MM, Haering JM, et al. Echocardiographic predictors of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve after mitral valve reconstruction for myxomatous valve disease. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1999, 34(7): 2096-2104.
31. Manabe S, Kasegawa H, Fukui T, et al. Influence of left ventricular function on development of systolic anterior motion after mitral valve repair. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2013, 146(2): 291-295.
32. Myerson SG. Recurrence of mitral valve regurgitation after mitral valve repair. Circulation, 2003, 108(17): 85-85.
33. Suri RM, Clavel MA, Schaff HV, et al. Effect of recurrent mitral regurgitation following degenerative mitral valve repair: long-term analysis of competing outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2016, 67(5): 488-498.
34. Lapenna E, Del Forno B, Amore L, et al. Durability at 19 years of quadrangular resection with annular plication for mitral regurgitation. Ann Thorac Surg, 2018, 106(3): 735-741.
35. Suri RM, Schaff HV, Dearani JA, et al. Survival advantage and improved durability of mitral repair for leaflet prolapse subsets in the current era. Ann Thorac Surg, 2006, 82(3): 819-826.
36. Dumont E, Gillinov AM, Blackstone EH, et al. Reoperation after mitral valve repair for degenerative disease. Ann Thorac Surg, 2007, 84(2): 444-450.
37. von Oppell UO, Mohr FW. Chordal replacement for both minimally invasive and conventional mitral valve surgery using premeasured Gore-Tex loops. Ann Thorac Surg, 2000, 70(6): 2166-2168.
38. Coutinho GF, Correia PM, Branco C, et al. Long-term results of mitral valve surgery for degenerative anterior leaflet or bileaflet prolapse: analysis of negative factors for repair, early and late failures, and survival. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2016, 50(1): 66-74.
39. Vahanian A, Alfieri O, Andreotti F, et al. Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012): The Joint Task Force on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J, 2013, 66(2): E1-E42.
40. Asai T, Kinoshita T, Suzuki T, et al. Early and follow-up results of butterfly resection of prolapsed posterior leaflet in 76 consecutive patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2015, 149(5): 1296-1300.
41. Dreyfus GD, Dulguerov F, Marcacci C, et al. "Respect when you can, resect when you should": A realistic approach to posterior leaflet mitral valve repair. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2018, 156(5): 1856-1866.
42. Privitera S, Butany J, Silversides C, et al. Artificial chordae tendinae: long-term changes. J Card Surg, 2005, 20(1): 90-92.

Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Research progress on effects of different valvuloplasty techniques on posterior mitral valve prolapse

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