Application and progress of enhanced recovery after surgery in perioperative period of esophageal cancer_Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Authors：

LIU Lin ^1,2 , YIN Zhimin ² , WANG Xiaolin ² ,  SHU Yusheng ²

1. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, P.R.China;
2. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, 255001, Jiangsu, P.R.China;

Corresponding author：

SHU Yusheng, Email: Shuyusheng65@163.com

Keywords：

Esophageal cancer; perioperative period; enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS); review

DOI：

10.7507/1007-4848.201908061

Video：

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The concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) was firstly demonstrated in practice by the Danish scholar Henrik Kehlet in the early 2000s. At present, the ERAS concept has been widely used in a variety of surgical fields, but its application in esophageal cancer surgery is still limited. The new esophageal ERAS guidelines issued by ERAS Association bring new opportunities for the application and promotion of esophageal cancer surgery. Combined with the current situation of esophageal cancer surgery in China and related literature, in this paper we discuss the specific measures of ERAS concept in perioperative application of esophageal cancer in China.

Citation： LIU Lin, YIN Zhimin, WANG Xiaolin, SHU Yusheng. Application and progress of enhanced recovery after surgery in perioperative period of esophageal cancer. Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2020, 27(7): 840-844. doi: 10.7507/1007-4848.201908061 Copy

1.	Kehlet H, Wilmore DW. Multimodal strategies to improve surgical outcome. Am J Surg, 2002, 183(6): 630-641.
2.	Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, et al. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin, 2018, 68(6): 394-424.
3.	Chen W, Zheng R, Baade PD, et al. Cancer statistics in China, 2015. CA Cancer J Clin, 2016, 66(2): 115-132.
4.	Lin Y, Totsuka Y, Shan B, et al. Esophageal cancer in high-risk areas of China: research progress and challenges. Ann Epidemiol, 2017, 27(3): 215-221.
5.	Ajani JA, D'Amico TA, Bentrem DJ, et al. Esophageal and Esophagogastric Junction Cancers, Version 2.2019, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw, 2019, 17(7): 855-883.
6.	于振涛. 食管癌外科治疗现状及争议热点. 中华肿瘤杂志, 2016, 38(9): 646-649.
7.	Giacopuzzi S, Weindelmayer J, Treppiedi E, et al. Enhanced recovery after surgery protocol in patients undergoing esophagectomy for cancer: a single center experience. Dis Esophagus, 2017, 30(4): 1-6.
8.	Blom RL, van Heijl M, Bemelman WA, et al. Initial experiences of an enhanced recovery protocol in esophageal surgery. World J Surg, 2013, 37(10): 2372-2378.
9.	Low DE, Allum W, De Manzoni G, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in esophagectomy: enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS). World J Surg, 2019, 43(2): 299-330.
10.	Sakai M, Sohda M, Miyazaki T, et al. Association of preoperative nutritional status with prognosis in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing salvage esophagectomy. Anticancer Res, 2018, 38(2): 933-938.
11.	Ligthart-Melis GC, Weijs PJ, te Boveldt ND, et al. Dietician-delivered intensive nutritional support is associated with a decrease in severe postoperative complications after surgery in patients with esophageal cancer. Dis Esophagus, 2013, 26(6): 587-593.
12.	董文, 蔡开灿, 蔡瑞君, 等. 营养风险筛查量表及其在食管癌患者中的应用进展. 护理学报, 2017, 24(14): 31-35.
13.	Wang R, Cai H, Li Y, et al. Impact exerted by nutritional risk screening on clinical outcome of patients with esophageal cancer. Biomed Res Int, 2018, 2018: 7894084.
14.	Steenhagen E. Preoperative nutritional optimization of esophageal cancer patients. J Thorac Dis, 2019, 11(Suppl 5): S645-S653.
15.	Weimann A, Braga M, Carli F, et al. ESPEN guideline: Clinical nutrition in surgery. Clin Nutr, 2017, 36(3): 623-650.
16.	Pillay B, Wootten AC, Crowe H, et al. The impact of multidisciplinary team meetings on patient assessment, management and outcomes in oncology settings: A systematic review of the literature. Cancer Treat Rev, 2016, 42: 56-72.
17.	Schmidt HM, Roberts JM, Bodnar AM, et al. Thoracic multidisciplinary tumor board routinely impacts therapeutic plans in patients with lung and esophageal cancer: a prospective cohort study. Ann Thorac Surg, 2015, 99(5): 1719-1724.
18.	Basta YL, Bolle S, Fockens P, et al. The value of multidisciplinary team meetings for patients with gastrointestinal malignancies: A systematic review. Ann Surg Oncol, 2017, 24(9): 2669-2678.
19.	Basta YL, Baur OL, van Dieren S, et al. Is there a benefit of multidisciplinary cancer team meetings for patients with gastrointestinal malignancies? Ann Surg Oncol, 2016, 23(8): 2430-2437.
20.	陈克能. 如何保持外科医师在胸部肿瘤多学科中的积极作用. 临床外科杂志, 2016, 24(7): 482-485, 486.
21.	Little AG, Lerut AE, Harpole DH, et al. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons practice guidelines on the role of multimodality treatment for cancer of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction. Ann Thorac Surg, 2014, 98(5): 1880-1885.
22.	Brady M, Kinn S, Stuart P. Preoperative fasting for adults to prevent perioperative complications. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2003, (4): CD004423.
23.	Practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration: Application to healthy patients undergoing elective procedures: An updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Preoperative Fasting and the Use of Pharmacologic Agents to Reduce the Risk of Pulmonary Aspiration. Anesthesiology, 2017, 126(3): 376-393.
24.	Awad S, Varadhan KK, Ljungqvist O, et al. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials on preoperative oral carbohydrate treatment in elective surgery. Clin Nutr, 2013, 32(1): 34-44.
25.	Yilmaz N, Cekmen N, Bilgin F, et al. Preoperative carbohydrate nutrition reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting compared to preoperative fasting. J Res Med Sci, 2013, 18(10): 827-832.
26.	赵蕾, 万勇, 李卫, 等. 术前口服碳水化合物研究新进展. 国际麻醉学与复苏杂志, 2018, 39(11): 1059-1062.
27.	Pachella LA, Mehran RJ, Curtin K, et al. Preoperative carbohydrate loading in patients undergoing thoracic surgery: a quality-improvement project. J Perianesth Nurs, 2019, 34(6): 1250-1256.
28.	Biere SS, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Maas KW, et al. Minimally invasive versus open oesophagectomy for patients with oesophageal cancer: a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 2012, 379(9829): 1887-1892.
29.	Straatman J, van der Wielen N, Cuesta MA, et al. Minimally invasive versus open esophageal resection: three-year follow-up of the previously reported randomized controlled trial: the TIME Trial. Ann Surg, 2017, 266(2): 232-236.
30.	于振涛. 腔镜辅助 Ivor-Lewis 手术现状与思考. 中华消化外科杂志, 2018, 17(8): 779-781.
31.	Seesing MFJ, Gisbertz SS, Goense L, et al. A propensity score matched analysis of open versus minimally invasive transthoracic esophagectomy in the Netherlands. Ann Surg, 2017, 266(5): 839-846.
32.	陈硕, 游宾, 李辉. 解读食管癌根治术胸部淋巴结清扫中国专家共识(2017 版)中食管癌胸部区域淋巴结清扫基于淋巴结数目或分组. 中华肿瘤杂志, 2019, 41(1): 73-76.
33.	Peng J, Wang WP, Yuan Y, et al. Adequate lymphadenectomy in patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: resecting the minimal number of lymph node stations. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2016, 49(5): e141-e146.
34.	Rice TW, Ishwaran H, Hofstetter WL, et al. Esophageal cancer: associations with (pN+) lymph node metastases. Ann Surg, 2017, 265(1): 122-129.
35.	中国医师协会胸外科分会快速康复专家委员会. 食管癌加速康复外科技术应用专家共识(2016 版). 中华胸心血管外科杂志, 2016, 32(12): 717-722.
36.	Bijur PE, Mills AM, Chang AK, et al. Comparative effectiveness of patient-controlled analgesia for treating acute pain in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med, 2017, 70(6): 809-818.
37.	Kim SI, Ha KY, Oh IS. Preemptive multimodal analgesia for postoperative pain management after lumbar fusion surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Eur Spine J, 2016, 25(5): 1614-1619.
38.	Tan M, Law LS, Gan TJ. Optimizing pain management to facilitate enhanced recovery after surgery pathways. Can J Anaesth, 2015, 62(2): 203-218.
39.	Mantziari S, Gronnier C, Pasquer A, et al. Incidence and risk factors related to symptomatic venous thromboembolic events after esophagectomy for cancer. Ann Thorac Surg, 2016, 102(3): 979-984.
40.	Chibbaro S, Cebula H, Todeschi J, et al. Evolution of Prophylaxis protocols for venous thromboembolism in neurosurgery: Results from a prospective comparative study on low-molecular-weight heparin, elastic stockings, and intermittent pneumatic compression devices. World Neurosurg, 2018, 109: e510-e516.
41.	Felder S, Rasmussen MS, King R, et al. Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2019, 8: CD004318.
42.	Pashikanti L, Von Ah D. Impact of early mobilization protocol on the medical-surgical inpatient population: an integrated review of literature. Clin Nurse Spec, 2012, 26(2): 87-94.
43.	Putnam K. Prevention of unplanned patient hypothermia. AORN J, 2015, 102(4): P11-P12.
44.	Yi J, Lei Y, Xu S, et al. Intraoperative hypothermia and its clinical outcomes in patients undergoing general anesthesia: National study in China. PLoS One, 2017, 12(6): e0177221.
45.	Shaw CA, Steelman VM, DeBerg J, et al. Effectiveness of active and passive warming for the prevention of inadvertent hypothermia in patients receiving neuraxial anesthesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Anesth, 2017, 38: 93-104.
46.	Nygren J, Thacker J, Carli F, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective rectal/pelvic surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations. World J Surg, 2013, 37(2): 285-305.
47.	Lassen K, Coolsen MM, Slim K, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care for pancreaticoduodenectomy: enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations. World J Surg, 2013, 37(2): 240-258.
48.	Gustafsson UO, Scott MJ, Hubner M, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective colorectal surgery: enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS). World J Surg, 2019, 43(3): 659-695.
49.	Azhar RA, Bochner B, Catto J, et al. Enhanced recovery after urological surgery: a contemporary systematic review of outcomes, key elements, and research needs. Eur Urol, 2016, 70(1): 176-187.

1. Kehlet H, Wilmore DW. Multimodal strategies to improve surgical outcome. Am J Surg, 2002, 183(6): 630-641.
2. Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, et al. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin, 2018, 68(6): 394-424.
3. Chen W, Zheng R, Baade PD, et al. Cancer statistics in China, 2015. CA Cancer J Clin, 2016, 66(2): 115-132.
4. Lin Y, Totsuka Y, Shan B, et al. Esophageal cancer in high-risk areas of China: research progress and challenges. Ann Epidemiol, 2017, 27(3): 215-221.
5. Ajani JA, D'Amico TA, Bentrem DJ, et al. Esophageal and Esophagogastric Junction Cancers, Version 2.2019, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw, 2019, 17(7): 855-883.
6. 于振涛. 食管癌外科治疗现状及争议热点. 中华肿瘤杂志, 2016, 38(9): 646-649.
7. Giacopuzzi S, Weindelmayer J, Treppiedi E, et al. Enhanced recovery after surgery protocol in patients undergoing esophagectomy for cancer: a single center experience. Dis Esophagus, 2017, 30(4): 1-6.
8. Blom RL, van Heijl M, Bemelman WA, et al. Initial experiences of an enhanced recovery protocol in esophageal surgery. World J Surg, 2013, 37(10): 2372-2378.
9. Low DE, Allum W, De Manzoni G, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in esophagectomy: enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS). World J Surg, 2019, 43(2): 299-330.
10. Sakai M, Sohda M, Miyazaki T, et al. Association of preoperative nutritional status with prognosis in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing salvage esophagectomy. Anticancer Res, 2018, 38(2): 933-938.
11. Ligthart-Melis GC, Weijs PJ, te Boveldt ND, et al. Dietician-delivered intensive nutritional support is associated with a decrease in severe postoperative complications after surgery in patients with esophageal cancer. Dis Esophagus, 2013, 26(6): 587-593.
12. 董文, 蔡开灿, 蔡瑞君, 等. 营养风险筛查量表及其在食管癌患者中的应用进展. 护理学报, 2017, 24(14): 31-35.
13. Wang R, Cai H, Li Y, et al. Impact exerted by nutritional risk screening on clinical outcome of patients with esophageal cancer. Biomed Res Int, 2018, 2018: 7894084.
14. Steenhagen E. Preoperative nutritional optimization of esophageal cancer patients. J Thorac Dis, 2019, 11(Suppl 5): S645-S653.
15. Weimann A, Braga M, Carli F, et al. ESPEN guideline: Clinical nutrition in surgery. Clin Nutr, 2017, 36(3): 623-650.
16. Pillay B, Wootten AC, Crowe H, et al. The impact of multidisciplinary team meetings on patient assessment, management and outcomes in oncology settings: A systematic review of the literature. Cancer Treat Rev, 2016, 42: 56-72.
17. Schmidt HM, Roberts JM, Bodnar AM, et al. Thoracic multidisciplinary tumor board routinely impacts therapeutic plans in patients with lung and esophageal cancer: a prospective cohort study. Ann Thorac Surg, 2015, 99(5): 1719-1724.
18. Basta YL, Bolle S, Fockens P, et al. The value of multidisciplinary team meetings for patients with gastrointestinal malignancies: A systematic review. Ann Surg Oncol, 2017, 24(9): 2669-2678.
19. Basta YL, Baur OL, van Dieren S, et al. Is there a benefit of multidisciplinary cancer team meetings for patients with gastrointestinal malignancies? Ann Surg Oncol, 2016, 23(8): 2430-2437.
20. 陈克能. 如何保持外科医师在胸部肿瘤多学科中的积极作用. 临床外科杂志, 2016, 24(7): 482-485, 486.
21. Little AG, Lerut AE, Harpole DH, et al. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons practice guidelines on the role of multimodality treatment for cancer of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction. Ann Thorac Surg, 2014, 98(5): 1880-1885.
22. Brady M, Kinn S, Stuart P. Preoperative fasting for adults to prevent perioperative complications. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2003, (4): CD004423.
23. Practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration: Application to healthy patients undergoing elective procedures: An updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Preoperative Fasting and the Use of Pharmacologic Agents to Reduce the Risk of Pulmonary Aspiration. Anesthesiology, 2017, 126(3): 376-393.
24. Awad S, Varadhan KK, Ljungqvist O, et al. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials on preoperative oral carbohydrate treatment in elective surgery. Clin Nutr, 2013, 32(1): 34-44.
25. Yilmaz N, Cekmen N, Bilgin F, et al. Preoperative carbohydrate nutrition reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting compared to preoperative fasting. J Res Med Sci, 2013, 18(10): 827-832.
26. 赵蕾, 万勇, 李卫, 等. 术前口服碳水化合物研究新进展. 国际麻醉学与复苏杂志, 2018, 39(11): 1059-1062.
27. Pachella LA, Mehran RJ, Curtin K, et al. Preoperative carbohydrate loading in patients undergoing thoracic surgery: a quality-improvement project. J Perianesth Nurs, 2019, 34(6): 1250-1256.
28. Biere SS, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Maas KW, et al. Minimally invasive versus open oesophagectomy for patients with oesophageal cancer: a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 2012, 379(9829): 1887-1892.
29. Straatman J, van der Wielen N, Cuesta MA, et al. Minimally invasive versus open esophageal resection: three-year follow-up of the previously reported randomized controlled trial: the TIME Trial. Ann Surg, 2017, 266(2): 232-236.
30. 于振涛. 腔镜辅助 Ivor-Lewis 手术现状与思考. 中华消化外科杂志, 2018, 17(8): 779-781.
31. Seesing MFJ, Gisbertz SS, Goense L, et al. A propensity score matched analysis of open versus minimally invasive transthoracic esophagectomy in the Netherlands. Ann Surg, 2017, 266(5): 839-846.
32. 陈硕, 游宾, 李辉. 解读食管癌根治术胸部淋巴结清扫中国专家共识(2017 版)中食管癌胸部区域淋巴结清扫基于淋巴结数目或分组. 中华肿瘤杂志, 2019, 41(1): 73-76.
33. Peng J, Wang WP, Yuan Y, et al. Adequate lymphadenectomy in patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: resecting the minimal number of lymph node stations. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2016, 49(5): e141-e146.
34. Rice TW, Ishwaran H, Hofstetter WL, et al. Esophageal cancer: associations with (pN+) lymph node metastases. Ann Surg, 2017, 265(1): 122-129.
35. 中国医师协会胸外科分会快速康复专家委员会. 食管癌加速康复外科技术应用专家共识(2016 版). 中华胸心血管外科杂志, 2016, 32(12): 717-722.
36. Bijur PE, Mills AM, Chang AK, et al. Comparative effectiveness of patient-controlled analgesia for treating acute pain in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med, 2017, 70(6): 809-818.
37. Kim SI, Ha KY, Oh IS. Preemptive multimodal analgesia for postoperative pain management after lumbar fusion surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Eur Spine J, 2016, 25(5): 1614-1619.
38. Tan M, Law LS, Gan TJ. Optimizing pain management to facilitate enhanced recovery after surgery pathways. Can J Anaesth, 2015, 62(2): 203-218.
39. Mantziari S, Gronnier C, Pasquer A, et al. Incidence and risk factors related to symptomatic venous thromboembolic events after esophagectomy for cancer. Ann Thorac Surg, 2016, 102(3): 979-984.
40. Chibbaro S, Cebula H, Todeschi J, et al. Evolution of Prophylaxis protocols for venous thromboembolism in neurosurgery: Results from a prospective comparative study on low-molecular-weight heparin, elastic stockings, and intermittent pneumatic compression devices. World Neurosurg, 2018, 109: e510-e516.
41. Felder S, Rasmussen MS, King R, et al. Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2019, 8: CD004318.
42. Pashikanti L, Von Ah D. Impact of early mobilization protocol on the medical-surgical inpatient population: an integrated review of literature. Clin Nurse Spec, 2012, 26(2): 87-94.
43. Putnam K. Prevention of unplanned patient hypothermia. AORN J, 2015, 102(4): P11-P12.
44. Yi J, Lei Y, Xu S, et al. Intraoperative hypothermia and its clinical outcomes in patients undergoing general anesthesia: National study in China. PLoS One, 2017, 12(6): e0177221.
45. Shaw CA, Steelman VM, DeBerg J, et al. Effectiveness of active and passive warming for the prevention of inadvertent hypothermia in patients receiving neuraxial anesthesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Anesth, 2017, 38: 93-104.
46. Nygren J, Thacker J, Carli F, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective rectal/pelvic surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations. World J Surg, 2013, 37(2): 285-305.
47. Lassen K, Coolsen MM, Slim K, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care for pancreaticoduodenectomy: enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations. World J Surg, 2013, 37(2): 240-258.
48. Gustafsson UO, Scott MJ, Hubner M, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective colorectal surgery: enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS). World J Surg, 2019, 43(3): 659-695.
49. Azhar RA, Bochner B, Catto J, et al. Enhanced recovery after urological surgery: a contemporary systematic review of outcomes, key elements, and research needs. Eur Urol, 2016, 70(1): 176-187.

Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Application and progress of enhanced recovery after surgery in perioperative period of esophageal cancer

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