Research progress of surgical treatment without valve replacement for rheumatic mitral stenosis_Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Authors：

HAN Zhongyi ¹ , XIE Enzehua ² ,  YANG Xiubin ¹

1. Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100037, P. R. China;
2. Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100037, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

YANG Xiubin, Email: xiubinyanganzhen@163.com

Keywords：

Rheumatic mitral stenosis; valve repair; surgical treatment; review

DOI：

10.7507/1007-4848.202112018

Video：

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Rheumatic mitral stenosis is one of the most common cardiac valvulopathies in our country, which is relatively rare in European and American countries. Medical therapy is reserved mainly for the treatment of complications, which can not fundamentally change the valve structure. Only surgical treatments can correct these valve lesions, including closed mitral commissurotomy, percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty, mitral valve repair under direct vision and mitral valve replacement. Numerous studies demonstrate that valve repair provides better long-term results, though it occupies a low proportion clinically. This article reviewed domestic and foreign literature concerning surgical treatments for patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis to provide some reference for the peers.

Citation： HAN Zhongyi, XIE Enzehua, YANG Xiubin. Research progress of surgical treatment without valve replacement for rheumatic mitral stenosis. Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2023, 30(10): 1513-1518. doi: 10.7507/1007-4848.202112018 Copy

1.	Andell P, Li X, Martinsson A, et al. Epidemiology of valvular heart disease in a Swedish nationwide hospital-based register study. Heart, 2017, 103(21): 1696-1703.
2.	Marijon E, Mirabel M, Celermajer DS, et al. Rheumatic heart disease. Lancet, 2012, 379(9819): 953-964.
3.	孟旭, 张海波, 韩薇. 再议中国风湿性二尖瓣修复技术的临床应用. 临床外科杂志, 2017, 25(5): 335-336.
4.	Luo T, Meng X, Yan Z, et al. Commissuroplasty as a main operative technique in rheumatic mitral valve repair: Surgical experiences and mid-term results. Heart Lung Circ. 2020, 29(6): 940-948.
5.	李岳环, 张海波, 孟旭, 等. 经食管三维超声量化分析风湿性瓣膜病及退行性病变致二尖瓣结构变化的特点. 中华胸心血管外科杂志, 2017, 33(8): 462-465, 471.
6.	Carpentier A. Cardiac valve surgery—The "French correction". J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1983, 86(3): 323-337.
7.	Inoue K, Owaki T, Nakamura T, et al. Clinical application of transvenous mitral commissurotomy by a new balloon catheter. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1984, 87(3): 394-402.
8.	Yajima S, Fukushima S, Kakuta T, et al. Robotic mitral valve repair for rheumatic mitral stenosis and regurgitation: A case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep, 2020, 4(1): 1-6.
9.	Ellis LB, Harken DE. Closed valvuloplasty for mitral stenosis. A twelve-year follow-up study of 1571 patients. N Engl J Med, 1964, 270: 643-650.
10.	刘迎龙, 朱晓东, 萧明第, 等. 二尖瓣狭窄闭式扩张术后的瓣膜替换术. 中国循环杂志, 1996, 11(1): 15-17.
11.	Vahanian A, Beyersdorf F, Praz F, et al. 2021 ESC/EACTS guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. EuroIntervention, 2022, 17(14): e1126-e1196.
12.	Nobuyoshi M, Arita T, Shirai S, et al. Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty: A review. Circulation, 2009, 119(8): e211-e219.
13.	邱春光, 党丽峰, 董建增, 等. 经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术与外科闭式扩张术疗效的对比研究. 中原医刊, 1998, 25(9): 10-11.
14.	Dean LS. Percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy: A comparison to the closed and open surgical techniques. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn, 1994, Suppl 2: 76-81.
15.	Joint Task Force on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS), Vahanian A, et al. Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012). Eur Heart J, 2012, 33(19): 2451-2496.
16.	曾智, 方元, 傅华, 等. 二尖瓣球囊成型术1063例临床分析. 华西医科大学学报, 1999, 30(1): 85-87.
17.	张海宏, 曾智. 经皮二尖瓣狭窄球囊扩张术的现状和未来. 心血管病学进展, 2013, 34(5): 593-596.
18.	Chen CR, Cheng TO. Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty by the Inoue technique: A multicenter study of 4832 patients in China. Am Heart J, 1995, 129(6): 1197-1203.
19.	Tomai F, Gaspardone A, Versaci F, et al. Twenty year follow-up after successful percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty in a large contemporary series of patients with mitral stenosis. Int J Cardiol, 2014, 177(3): 881-885.
20.	孟旭. 中国风湿性二尖瓣疾病外科治疗指征专家共识. 中华胸心血管外科杂志, 2018, 34(4): 193-195.
21.	Cannan CR, Nishimura RA, Reeder GS, et al. Echocardiographic assessment of commissural calcium: A simple predictor of outcome after percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1997, 29(1): 175-180.
22.	Krasuski RA, Assar MD, Wang A, et al. Usefulness of percutaneous balloon mitral commissurotomy in preventing the development of atrial fibrillation in patients with mitral stenosis. Am J Cardiol, 2004, 93(7): 936-939.
23.	Song H, Kang DH, Kim JH, et al. Percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty versus surgical treatment in mitral stenosis with severe tricuspid regurgitation. Circulation, 2007, 116(11 Suppl): I246-I250.
24.	American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, et al. ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to revise the 1998 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease): Developed in collaboration with the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists: Endorsed by the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Circulation, 2006, 114(5): e84-e231.
25.	Gupta A, Gharde P, Kumar AS. Anterior mitral leaflet length: Predictor for mitral valve repair in a rheumatic population. Ann Thorac Surg, 2010, 90(6): 1930-1933.
26.	Dillon J, Yakub MA, Nordin MN, et al. Leaflet extension in rheumatic mitral valve reconstruction. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2013, 44(4): 682-689.
27.	Fundarò P, Moneta A, Villa E, et al. Chordal plication and free edge remodeling for mitral anterior leaflet prolapse repair: 8-year follow-up. Ann Thorac Surg, 2001, 72(5): 1515-1519.
28.	Grossi EA, LaPietra A, Bizekis C, et al. Minimal access reoperative mitral and aortic valve surgery. Curr Cardiol Rep, 2000, 2(6): 572-574.
29.	St Goar FG, Fann JI, Komtebedde J, et al. Endovascular edge-to-edge mitral valve repair short-term results in a porcine model. Circulation, 2003, 108(16): 1990-1993.
30.	Kalangos A, Christenson JT, Beghetti M, et al. Mitral valve repair for rheumatic valve disease in children: Midterm results and impact of the use of a biodegradable mitral ring. Ann Thorac Surg, 2008, 86(1): 161-168.
31.	Fu G, Zhou Z, Huang S, et al. Mitral valve surgery in patients with rheumatic heart disease: Repair vs. replacement. Front Cardiovasc Med, 2021, 8: 685746.
32.	Singh AD, Mian A, Devasenapathy N, et al. Percutaneous mitral commissurotomy versus surgical commissurotomy for rheumatic mitral stenosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Heart, 2020, 106(14): 1094-1101.
33.	Ben Farhat M, Ayari M, Maatouk F, et al. Percutaneous balloon versus surgical closed and open mitral commissurotomy: Seven-year follow-up results of a randomized trial. Circulation, 1998, 97(3): 245-250.
34.	Fu JT, Popal MS, Zhang HB, et al. A meta-analysis of late outcomes of mitral valve repair in patients with rheumatic heart disease. J Thorac Dis, 2017, 9(11): 4366-4375.
35.	陈伟伟, 高润霖, 刘力生, 等. 《中国心血管病报告2015》概要. 中国循环杂志, 2016, 31(6): 521-528.
36.	Carapetis JR, Steer AC, Mulholland EK, et al. The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases. Lancet Infect Dis, 2005, 5(11): 685-694.

1. Andell P, Li X, Martinsson A, et al. Epidemiology of valvular heart disease in a Swedish nationwide hospital-based register study. Heart, 2017, 103(21): 1696-1703.
2. Marijon E, Mirabel M, Celermajer DS, et al. Rheumatic heart disease. Lancet, 2012, 379(9819): 953-964.
3. 孟旭, 张海波, 韩薇. 再议中国风湿性二尖瓣修复技术的临床应用. 临床外科杂志, 2017, 25(5): 335-336.
4. Luo T, Meng X, Yan Z, et al. Commissuroplasty as a main operative technique in rheumatic mitral valve repair: Surgical experiences and mid-term results. Heart Lung Circ. 2020, 29(6): 940-948.
5. 李岳环, 张海波, 孟旭, 等. 经食管三维超声量化分析风湿性瓣膜病及退行性病变致二尖瓣结构变化的特点. 中华胸心血管外科杂志, 2017, 33(8): 462-465, 471.
6. Carpentier A. Cardiac valve surgery—The "French correction". J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1983, 86(3): 323-337.
7. Inoue K, Owaki T, Nakamura T, et al. Clinical application of transvenous mitral commissurotomy by a new balloon catheter. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1984, 87(3): 394-402.
8. Yajima S, Fukushima S, Kakuta T, et al. Robotic mitral valve repair for rheumatic mitral stenosis and regurgitation: A case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep, 2020, 4(1): 1-6.
9. Ellis LB, Harken DE. Closed valvuloplasty for mitral stenosis. A twelve-year follow-up study of 1571 patients. N Engl J Med, 1964, 270: 643-650.
10. 刘迎龙, 朱晓东, 萧明第, 等. 二尖瓣狭窄闭式扩张术后的瓣膜替换术. 中国循环杂志, 1996, 11(1): 15-17.
11. Vahanian A, Beyersdorf F, Praz F, et al. 2021 ESC/EACTS guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. EuroIntervention, 2022, 17(14): e1126-e1196.
12. Nobuyoshi M, Arita T, Shirai S, et al. Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty: A review. Circulation, 2009, 119(8): e211-e219.
13. 邱春光, 党丽峰, 董建增, 等. 经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术与外科闭式扩张术疗效的对比研究. 中原医刊, 1998, 25(9): 10-11.
14. Dean LS. Percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy: A comparison to the closed and open surgical techniques. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn, 1994, Suppl 2: 76-81.
15. Joint Task Force on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS), Vahanian A, et al. Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012). Eur Heart J, 2012, 33(19): 2451-2496.
16. 曾智, 方元, 傅华, 等. 二尖瓣球囊成型术1063例临床分析. 华西医科大学学报, 1999, 30(1): 85-87.
17. 张海宏, 曾智. 经皮二尖瓣狭窄球囊扩张术的现状和未来. 心血管病学进展, 2013, 34(5): 593-596.
18. Chen CR, Cheng TO. Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty by the Inoue technique: A multicenter study of 4832 patients in China. Am Heart J, 1995, 129(6): 1197-1203.
19. Tomai F, Gaspardone A, Versaci F, et al. Twenty year follow-up after successful percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty in a large contemporary series of patients with mitral stenosis. Int J Cardiol, 2014, 177(3): 881-885.
20. 孟旭. 中国风湿性二尖瓣疾病外科治疗指征专家共识. 中华胸心血管外科杂志, 2018, 34(4): 193-195.
21. Cannan CR, Nishimura RA, Reeder GS, et al. Echocardiographic assessment of commissural calcium: A simple predictor of outcome after percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1997, 29(1): 175-180.
22. Krasuski RA, Assar MD, Wang A, et al. Usefulness of percutaneous balloon mitral commissurotomy in preventing the development of atrial fibrillation in patients with mitral stenosis. Am J Cardiol, 2004, 93(7): 936-939.
23. Song H, Kang DH, Kim JH, et al. Percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty versus surgical treatment in mitral stenosis with severe tricuspid regurgitation. Circulation, 2007, 116(11 Suppl): I246-I250.
24. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, et al. ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to revise the 1998 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease): Developed in collaboration with the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists: Endorsed by the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Circulation, 2006, 114(5): e84-e231.
25. Gupta A, Gharde P, Kumar AS. Anterior mitral leaflet length: Predictor for mitral valve repair in a rheumatic population. Ann Thorac Surg, 2010, 90(6): 1930-1933.
26. Dillon J, Yakub MA, Nordin MN, et al. Leaflet extension in rheumatic mitral valve reconstruction. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2013, 44(4): 682-689.
27. Fundarò P, Moneta A, Villa E, et al. Chordal plication and free edge remodeling for mitral anterior leaflet prolapse repair: 8-year follow-up. Ann Thorac Surg, 2001, 72(5): 1515-1519.
28. Grossi EA, LaPietra A, Bizekis C, et al. Minimal access reoperative mitral and aortic valve surgery. Curr Cardiol Rep, 2000, 2(6): 572-574.
29. St Goar FG, Fann JI, Komtebedde J, et al. Endovascular edge-to-edge mitral valve repair short-term results in a porcine model. Circulation, 2003, 108(16): 1990-1993.
30. Kalangos A, Christenson JT, Beghetti M, et al. Mitral valve repair for rheumatic valve disease in children: Midterm results and impact of the use of a biodegradable mitral ring. Ann Thorac Surg, 2008, 86(1): 161-168.
31. Fu G, Zhou Z, Huang S, et al. Mitral valve surgery in patients with rheumatic heart disease: Repair vs. replacement. Front Cardiovasc Med, 2021, 8: 685746.
32. Singh AD, Mian A, Devasenapathy N, et al. Percutaneous mitral commissurotomy versus surgical commissurotomy for rheumatic mitral stenosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Heart, 2020, 106(14): 1094-1101.
33. Ben Farhat M, Ayari M, Maatouk F, et al. Percutaneous balloon versus surgical closed and open mitral commissurotomy: Seven-year follow-up results of a randomized trial. Circulation, 1998, 97(3): 245-250.
34. Fu JT, Popal MS, Zhang HB, et al. A meta-analysis of late outcomes of mitral valve repair in patients with rheumatic heart disease. J Thorac Dis, 2017, 9(11): 4366-4375.
35. 陈伟伟, 高润霖, 刘力生, 等. 《中国心血管病报告2015》概要. 中国循环杂志, 2016, 31(6): 521-528.
36. Carapetis JR, Steer AC, Mulholland EK, et al. The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases. Lancet Infect Dis, 2005, 5(11): 685-694.

Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Research progress of surgical treatment without valve replacement for rheumatic mitral stenosis

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