Acute Pancreatitis Leads to The Reduction of Nitric Oxide Synthase and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide-Positive Neurons in Rabbit Sphincter of Oddi_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

 ZHANGLei ^1,2 , ZHUJun ³ , ZHUXiao-liang ^1,2 , SONGXiao-jing ^1,2 , YUEPing ^1,2 , ZHUKe-xiang ^1,2 , ZHOUWen-ce ^1,2 ,  LIXun ^1,2

1. General Surgery Second Division, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China;
2. Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China;
3. Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China;

Corresponding author：

LIXun, Email: lxdr21@sohu.com

Keywords：

Acute pancreatitis; Sphincter of Oddi; Nitric oxide synthase; Vasoactive intestinal peptide

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.20140103

Video：

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Objective To investigate the relationship between the changes of nerve cells in sphincter of Oddi and acute pancreatitis. Methods The rabbit models of acute pancreatitis were prepared by using sodium taurocholate perfusion. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expressions of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in neurons of the sphincter of Oddi. Results In the control group, (45.83±2.17)% of myenteric neurons were NOS-positive, (52.46±2.47)% of myenteric neurons were VIP positive, and (22.73±1.95)% of myenteric neurons were NOS and VIP double positive. In contrast, (11.26±0.93)% of myenteric neurons were NOS-positive and (28.62±2.83)% of myenteric neurons were VIP positive in SAP group, which were significantly less than those of control group (P < 0.01). Conclusions The sphincter of Oddi of normal rabbits is rich in VIP and NOS positive neurons. The significant reduction of NOS-positive and VIP-positive neurons when SAP, which may be the reason of decreased the activities of the sphincter of Oddi.

Citation： ZHANGLei, ZHUJun, ZHUXiao-liang, SONGXiao-jing, YUEPing, ZHUKe-xiang, ZHOUWen-ce, LIXun. Acute Pancreatitis Leads to The Reduction of Nitric Oxide Synthase and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide-Positive Neurons in Rabbit Sphincter of Oddi. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2014, 21(4): 420-424. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.20140103 Copy

1.	Nakeeb A. Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction:how is it diagnosed? How is it classified? How do we treat it medically, endoscopically, and surgically?[J]. J Gastrointest Surg, 2013, 17(9):1557-1558.
2.	Corazziari E. Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction[J]. Dig Liver Dis, 2003, 35 Suppl 3:S26-S29.
3.	Liu YK, Li ZH, Liu NZ, et al. Reduced myoelectric activity in the sphincter of Oddi in a new model of chronic cholangitis in rabbits:an in vivo and in vitro study[J]. Neurogastroenterol Motil, 2010, 22(8):927-934.
4.	Della Libera E, Rodrigues RA, Guimarães AP, et al. Prevalence of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction in patients referred to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography[J]. Arq Gastroenterol, 2007, 44(1):18-21.
5.	Sharma BC, Agarwal DK, Baijal SS, et al. Effect of endoscopic sphincterotomy on gall bladder bile lithogenicity and motility[J]. Gut, 1998, 42(2):288-292.
6.	Sonoda Y, Takahata S, Jabar F, et al. Electrical activation of common bile duct nerves modulates sphincter of Oddi motility in the Australian possum[J]. HPB (Oxford), 2005, 7(4):303-312.
7.	Hui CK, Lai KC, Yuen MF, et al. Role of cholecystectomy in preventing recurrent cholangitis[J]. Gastrointest Endosc, 2002, 56(1):55-60.
8.	Shafik A. Choledochosphincter inhibitory reflex:identification of the reflex in dogs and its significance[J]. J Surg Res, 1998, 78(1):7-10.
9.	Bradley EL 3rd. A clinically based classification system for acute pancreatitis[J]. Arch Surg, 1993, 128(5):586-590.
10.	Banks PA. Practice guidelines in acute pancreatitis[J]. Am J Gastroenterol, 1997, 92(3):377-386.
11.	Balthazar EJ. Acute pancreatitis:assessment of severity with clinical and CT evaluation[J]. Radiology, 2002, 223(3):603-613.
12.	Steinberg W, Tenner S. Acute pancreatitis[J]. N Engl J Med, 1994, 330(17):1198-1210.
13.	Chen ZQ, Tang YQ, Zhang Y, et al. Adenoviral transfer of human interleukin-10 gene in lethal pancreatitis[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2004, 10(20):3021-3025.
14.	Simula ME, Brookes SJ, Meedeniya AC, et al. Distribution of nitric oxide synthase and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide immu-noreactivity in the sphincter of Oddi and duodenum of the possum[J]. Cell Tissue Res, 2001, 304(1):31-41.
15.	余跃, 侯晓华.一氧化氮对胃肠括约肌的调节作用[J].胃肠病学, 1997, 2(1):54-56.
16.	Kaufman HS, Shermak MA, May CA, et al. Nitric oxide inhibits resting sphincter of Oddi activity[J]. Am J Surg, 1993, 165(1):74-80.
17.	Sarac B, Durmus N, Bagcivan I, et al. Investigation of relaxant effects of new agents affecting nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine mono-phosphate pathway on sheep oddi sphincter[J]. Pancreas, 2010, 39(6):875-878.
18.	Baker RA, Saccone GT, Brookes SJ, et al. Nitric oxide mediates nonadrenergic, noncholinergic neural relaxation in the Australian possum[J]. Gastroenterology, 1993, 105(6):1746-1753.
19.	Sand J, Arvola P, Jäntti V, et al. The inhibitory role of nitric oxide in the control of porcine and human sphincter of Oddi activity[J]. Gut, 1997, 41(3):375-380.
20.	Yamamoto I, Fujimura M, Kihara N, et al. Nitric oxide forma-tion in the dog sphincter of Oddi from nitric oxide donors as measured with in vivo micro-dialysis[J]. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2000, 14(8):1095-1101.
21.	Chakder S, Rattan S. Distribution of VIP binding sites in opossum internal anal sphincter circular smooth muscle[J]. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 1995, 272(1):385-391.
22.	Mao YK, Barnett W, Coy DH, et al. Distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)binding in circular muscle and characterization of VIP binding in canine small intestinal mucosa[J]. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 1991, 258(3):986-991.
23.	Mao YK, Wang YF, Daniel EE. Distribution and characterization of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide binding in canine lower esop-hageal sphincter[J]. Gastroenterology, 1993, 105(5):1370-1377.
24.	Van Geldre LA, Lefebvre RA. Interaction of NO and VIP in gastrointestinal smooth muscle relaxation[J]. Curr Pharm Des, 2004, 10(20):2483-2497.
25.	Kovsca Janjatovic A, Valpotic H, Kezic D, et al. Secretion of immunomodulating neuropeptides (VIP, SP) and nitric oxide synthase in porcine small intestine during postnatal development[J]. Eur J Histochem, 2012, 56(3):e30.

1. Nakeeb A. Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction:how is it diagnosed? How is it classified? How do we treat it medically, endoscopically, and surgically?[J]. J Gastrointest Surg, 2013, 17(9):1557-1558.
2. Corazziari E. Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction[J]. Dig Liver Dis, 2003, 35 Suppl 3:S26-S29.
3. Liu YK, Li ZH, Liu NZ, et al. Reduced myoelectric activity in the sphincter of Oddi in a new model of chronic cholangitis in rabbits:an in vivo and in vitro study[J]. Neurogastroenterol Motil, 2010, 22(8):927-934.
4. Della Libera E, Rodrigues RA, Guimarães AP, et al. Prevalence of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction in patients referred to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography[J]. Arq Gastroenterol, 2007, 44(1):18-21.
5. Sharma BC, Agarwal DK, Baijal SS, et al. Effect of endoscopic sphincterotomy on gall bladder bile lithogenicity and motility[J]. Gut, 1998, 42(2):288-292.
6. Sonoda Y, Takahata S, Jabar F, et al. Electrical activation of common bile duct nerves modulates sphincter of Oddi motility in the Australian possum[J]. HPB (Oxford), 2005, 7(4):303-312.
7. Hui CK, Lai KC, Yuen MF, et al. Role of cholecystectomy in preventing recurrent cholangitis[J]. Gastrointest Endosc, 2002, 56(1):55-60.
8. Shafik A. Choledochosphincter inhibitory reflex:identification of the reflex in dogs and its significance[J]. J Surg Res, 1998, 78(1):7-10.
9. Bradley EL 3rd. A clinically based classification system for acute pancreatitis[J]. Arch Surg, 1993, 128(5):586-590.
10. Banks PA. Practice guidelines in acute pancreatitis[J]. Am J Gastroenterol, 1997, 92(3):377-386.
11. Balthazar EJ. Acute pancreatitis:assessment of severity with clinical and CT evaluation[J]. Radiology, 2002, 223(3):603-613.
12. Steinberg W, Tenner S. Acute pancreatitis[J]. N Engl J Med, 1994, 330(17):1198-1210.
13. Chen ZQ, Tang YQ, Zhang Y, et al. Adenoviral transfer of human interleukin-10 gene in lethal pancreatitis[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2004, 10(20):3021-3025.
14. Simula ME, Brookes SJ, Meedeniya AC, et al. Distribution of nitric oxide synthase and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide immu-noreactivity in the sphincter of Oddi and duodenum of the possum[J]. Cell Tissue Res, 2001, 304(1):31-41.
15. 余跃, 侯晓华.一氧化氮对胃肠括约肌的调节作用[J].胃肠病学, 1997, 2(1):54-56.
16. Kaufman HS, Shermak MA, May CA, et al. Nitric oxide inhibits resting sphincter of Oddi activity[J]. Am J Surg, 1993, 165(1):74-80.
17. Sarac B, Durmus N, Bagcivan I, et al. Investigation of relaxant effects of new agents affecting nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine mono-phosphate pathway on sheep oddi sphincter[J]. Pancreas, 2010, 39(6):875-878.
18. Baker RA, Saccone GT, Brookes SJ, et al. Nitric oxide mediates nonadrenergic, noncholinergic neural relaxation in the Australian possum[J]. Gastroenterology, 1993, 105(6):1746-1753.
19. Sand J, Arvola P, Jäntti V, et al. The inhibitory role of nitric oxide in the control of porcine and human sphincter of Oddi activity[J]. Gut, 1997, 41(3):375-380.
20. Yamamoto I, Fujimura M, Kihara N, et al. Nitric oxide forma-tion in the dog sphincter of Oddi from nitric oxide donors as measured with in vivo micro-dialysis[J]. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2000, 14(8):1095-1101.
21. Chakder S, Rattan S. Distribution of VIP binding sites in opossum internal anal sphincter circular smooth muscle[J]. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 1995, 272(1):385-391.
22. Mao YK, Barnett W, Coy DH, et al. Distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)binding in circular muscle and characterization of VIP binding in canine small intestinal mucosa[J]. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 1991, 258(3):986-991.
23. Mao YK, Wang YF, Daniel EE. Distribution and characterization of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide binding in canine lower esop-hageal sphincter[J]. Gastroenterology, 1993, 105(5):1370-1377.
24. Van Geldre LA, Lefebvre RA. Interaction of NO and VIP in gastrointestinal smooth muscle relaxation[J]. Curr Pharm Des, 2004, 10(20):2483-2497.
25. Kovsca Janjatovic A, Valpotic H, Kezic D, et al. Secretion of immunomodulating neuropeptides (VIP, SP) and nitric oxide synthase in porcine small intestine during postnatal development[J]. Eur J Histochem, 2012, 56(3):e30.

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Acute Pancreatitis Leads to The Reduction of Nitric Oxide Synthase and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide-Positive Neurons in Rabbit Sphincter of Oddi

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